"Jupiter et Thétis" by Jean Ingres, 1811. This article is about the Greek sea nymph Thetis should not be confused with Themis, the embodiment of the laws of nature but see the sea-goddess Tethys.

In Roman mythology, Jupiter held the same role as Zeus in the Greek pantheon. Roman mythology, or more appropriately Latin mythology, refers to the mythological beliefs of the Italic people inhabiting the region of Latium and its Zeus (zjuːs in Greek: nominative: Zeús /zdeús/ genitive: Diós; Modern Greek /'zefs/ in Greek mythology He was called Iuppiter Optimus Maximus (Jupiter Best, Greatest); as the patron deity of the Roman state, he ruled over laws and social order. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 He was the chief god of the Capitoline Triad, with Juno and Minerva. The Capitoline Triad was a group of three supreme deities in Roman religion who were worshipped in an elaborate temple on Rome 's Capitoline Hill, the Juno was the protector and special counselor of the Roman state The MInisterial NEtwoRk for Valorising Activities in digitisation, or MINERVA, is a European Union organization concerned with the digitisation of cultural and In Latin mythology Jupiter is the father of Mars. Mars was the Roman Warrior god, the son of Juno and Jupiter, husband of Bellona, and the lover of Venus. Therefore, Jupiter is the grandfather of Romulus and Remus, the founders of Rome.

Iuppiter, originating in a vocative compound derived from archaic Latin Iovis and pater (Latin for father), was also used as the nominative case. The vocative case is the case used for a Noun identifying the person (animal object etc The nominative case is a Grammatical case for a Noun, which generally marks the subject of a Verb, as opposed to its object or other Jove^[1] is a less common English formation based on Iov-, the stem of oblique cases of the Latin name. Additionally, linguistic studies identify his name as deriving from the Indo-European compound *dyēus- pəter- ("O Father God"), the Indo-European deity from whom also derive the Germanic *Tiwaz (from whose name comes the word Tuesday), the Greek Zeus, and the Vedic equivalent, Dyaus Pita. * Dyēus (also * Dyēus ph2ter) is the reconstructed chief deity of the Proto-Indo-European pantheon. Tuesday is the third Day of the week between Monday and Wednesday. Zeus (zjuːs in Greek: nominative: Zeús /zdeús/ genitive: Diós; Modern Greek /'zefs/ in Greek mythology Vedic mythology refers to the mythological aspects of the Historical Vedic religion and Vedic literature. In the Vedic religion Dyauṣ Pitar   is the Sky Father, husband of Prithvi and father of Agni and Indra ( RV 4

The name of the god was also adopted as the name of the planet Jupiter, and was the original namesake of Latin forms of the weekday known in English as Thursday^[2] but originally called Iovis Dies in Latin, giving rise to jeudi in French, jueves in Spanish, giovedì in Italian and dijous in Catalan. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.

Epithets of Jupiter

1. Jupiter Ammon (Jupiter was equated with the Egyptian deity Amun after the Roman conquest)
2. Jupiter Caelestis ("heavenly")
3. Jupiter Fulgurator ("of the lightning")
4. Jupiter Laterius ("God of Latium")
5. Jupiter Lucetius ("of the light")
6. Jupiter Pluvius ("sender of rain") See also Pluvius
7. Jupiter Stator (from stare meaning "standing")
8. Jupiter Terminus or Jupiter Terminalus (defends boundaries). Amun, reconstructed Egyptian Yamānu (also spelled Amon, Amoun, Amen, and rarely Imen, Greek Ἄμμων Latium was a region of ancient Italy, home to the original Latin people. In Roman mythology, Jupiter Pluvius was the reliever of droughts (See also Terminus)
9. Jupiter Tonans ("thunderer")
10. Jupiter Victor (led Roman armies to victory)
11. Jupiter Summanus (sender of nocturnal thunder)
12. Jupiter Feretrius ("who carries away the spoils of war")
13. Jupiter Optimus Maximus (best and greatest)
14. Jupiter Brixianus (Jupiter equated with the local god of the town of Brescia in Cisalpine Gaul (modern North Italy))
15. Jupiter Ladicus (Jupiter equated with a Celtiberian mountain-god and worshipped as the spirit of Mount Ladicus)
16. Jupiter Parthinus or Partinus (Jupiter was worshiped under this name on the borders of north-east Dalmatia and Upper Moesia, perhaps being associated with the local tribe known as the Partheni)
17. Jupiter Poeninus (Jupiter was worshiped in the Alps under this name, around the Great St Bernard Pass, where he had a sanctuary)
18. Jupiter Solutorius (a local version of Jupiter worshipped in Spain; he was syncretised with the local Iberian god Eacus)
19. Jupiter Taranis (Jupiter equated with the Celtic god Taranis)
20. Jupiter Uxellinus (Jupiter as a god of high mountains)

Capitoline Jupiter

Main article: Temple of Jupiter (Capitoline Hill)

The largest temple in Rome was that of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on the Capitoline Hill. In Roman religion, Terminus was the god who protected Boundary markers his name was the Latin word for such a marker In Roman mythology, Summanus was the god of nocturnal Thunder, as opposed to Jupiter, the god of diurnal (daylight thunder Looting ( Hindi lūṭ akin to Sanskrit luṭhati steals also Latin latro, latronis Brescia ( Lombard: Brèsa) is a city in the region of Lombardy in northern Italy. Cisalpine Gaul ( Latin: Gallia Cisalpina, meaning " Gaul on this side of the Alps " was the Roman name for a geographical area (later Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Dalmatia ( Croatian: Dalmacija, see names in other languages) is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, situated mostly in modern Moesia (Μοισία Moisía; Мизия Miziya; Moesia Мезија Mezija) was an ancient region and Roman province situated in the Illyrian tribes or possibly or partly Illyrian tribes or tribes inhabiting lands known as Illyria. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Iberians were a set of peoples that Greek and Roman sources (among others Hecataeus of Miletus, Avienus, Herodot and Strabo Eacus is a weather god worshipped in Iberian Spain. He is known from the area of Castile and was syncretised with the local Roman deity In Celtic mythology Taranis was the god of Thunder worshipped in Gaul, Britain and Hispania and mentioned along with Esus See Temple of Jupiter for temples to him in other places The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus ("Jupiter greatest and best" also known Fanum At the temples Romans prayed and made Ritual Worship Offerings of a small gift or Animal sacrifices to their Roman Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 See Temple of Jupiter for temples to him in other places The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus ("Jupiter greatest and best" also known The Capitoline Hill, between the Forum and the Campus Martius, is one of the seven hills of Rome. Here he was worshipped alongside Juno and Minerva, forming the Capitoline Triad. Juno was the protector and special counselor of the Roman state The MInisterial NEtwoRk for Valorising Activities in digitisation, or MINERVA, is a European Union organization concerned with the digitisation of cultural and Jupiter was also worshipped at Capitoline Hill in the form of a stone, known as Iuppiter Lapis or the Jupiter Stone, which was sworn upon as an oath stone. Temples to Juppiter Optimus Maximus or the Capitoline Triad as a whole were commonly built by the Romans at the center of new cities in their colonies.

The building was begun by Tarquinius Priscus and completed by the last king of Rome, Tarquinius Superbus, although it was inaugurated, by a tradition recorded by the historians, on September 13, at the beginning of the Republican era, 509BCE. Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, also called Tarquin the Elder or Tarquin I, was held by ancient tradition to be the fifth King of Rome, said to have reigned Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (also called Tarquin the Proud or Tarquin II) was the last of the seven Legendary Kings of Rome, son of Tarquinius

The temple building stood on a high podium with an entrance staircase to the front. On three of its sides it was probably surrounded by a colonnade, with another two rows of pillars drawn up in line with those on the façade of the deep pronaos which precedes the three cellae, ranged side by side in the Etruscan manner, the central one being wider than the other two. A portico is a Porch that is leading to the entrance of a building or extended as a Colonnade, with a roof structure over a walkway supported by Columns For the Spanish town see Cella Spain Naos redirects here For other meanings see Naos (disambiguation. For the Spanish town see Cella Spain Naos redirects here For other meanings see Naos (disambiguation.

The surviving remains of the foundations and of the podium, most of which lie underneath Palazzo Caffarelli, are made up of enormous parallel sections of walling made in blocks of grey tufa-quadriga stone (cappellaccio) and bear witness to the sheer size of the surface area of the temple's base (about 55 x 60 m). The Capitoline Hill, between the Forum and the Campus Martius, is one of the seven hills of Rome.

On the roof a terracotta auriga, made by the Etruscan artist Vulca of Veii in the 6th Century BCE, commissioned by Tarquinius Superbus; it was replaced in 296BCE, by a bronze one. Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (also called Tarquin the Proud or Tarquin II) was the last of the seven Legendary Kings of Rome, son of Tarquinius The cult image, by Vulca, was of terracotta; its face was painted red on festival days (Ovid, Fasti, 1. In the practice of Religion, a cult image is a man-made object that is venerated for the Deity, spirit or Daemon that it embodies or represents Publius Ovidius Naso ( March 20, 43 BC – 17 AD was a Roman poet known to the English -speaking world as Ovid who wrote on many topics including Fasti, a Latin word refers to the Roman calendar and Almanac; and especially to a long possibly unfinished poem on the religious festivals 201f). Beneath the cella were the favissae, or underground passages, in which were stored the old statues that had fallen from the roof, and various dedicatory gifts.

The temple was rebuilt in marble after fires had worked total destruction in 83BCE, when the cult image was lost, and the Sibylline Books kept in a stone chest. The Sibylline Books or Libri Sibyllini were a collection of oracular utterances set out in Greek Hexameters purchased from a Sibyl Fires followed in 69CE, when the Capitol was stormed by the supporters of Vitellius and in 80CE. Aulus Vitellius Germanicus, born Aulus Vitellius and commonly known as Vitellius ( 24 September, 15 &ndash 22 December, 69

In front of the steps was the altar of Jupiter (ara Iovis). The large square in front of the temple (the Area Capitolina) featured a number of temples dedicated to minor divinities, in addition to other religious buildings, statues and trophies.

Its dilapidation began in the fifth century, when Stilicho carried off the gold-plated doors and Narses removed many of the statues, in 571CE. Flavius Stilicho (occasionally written as Stilico) (ca 359 &ndash August 22, 408) was a high-ranking general ( Magister militum For other historical figures with similar names see Narses (disambiguation.

When Hadrian build Aelia Capitolina on the site of Jerusalem, a temple to Jupiter Capitolinus was built in the place of the destroyed Temple in Jerusalem. Aelia Capitolina ( Latin in full Colonia Aelia Capitolina) was a city built by the emperor Hadrian in the year 131, and occupied Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the Etymology The Hebrew name given in Scripture for the building is Beit HaMikdash or "The Holy House" and only the Temple in Jerusalem is referred to by this name

Juppiter Tonans

Juppiter Tonans, possibly reflecting the cult image of the temple of Juppiter Tonans (Prado)

Juppiter Tonans ("Thundering Jove") was the aspect (numen) of Jupiter venerated in the Temple of Juppiter Tonans, which was vowed in 26BCE by Augustus and dedicated in 22 on the Capitoline Hill; the Emperor had narrowly escaped being struck by lightning during the campaign in Cantabria. In the practice of Religion, a cult image is a man-made object that is venerated for the Deity, spirit or Daemon that it embodies or represents The Museo del Prado is a Museum and Art gallery located in Madrid, the capital of Spain. Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was The Capitoline Hill, between the Forum and the Campus Martius, is one of the seven hills of Rome. Cantabria is a Spanish province and Autonomous community with Santander as its capital city ^[3] An old temple in the Campus Martius had long been dedicated to Juppiter Fulgens. For the pioneer fortification at Marietta Ohio see Campus Martius Marietta For the park in Detroit Michigan, see Campus Martius Park The original cult image installed in the sanctuary by its founder was by Leochares,^[4] a Greek sculptor of the 4th Century BCE. In the practice of Religion, a cult image is a man-made object that is venerated for the Deity, spirit or Daemon that it embodies or represents Leochares ( Greek: Λεοχάρης) was a Greek sculptor from Athens, who lived in the 4th century BC. The sculpture at the Prado (illustration) is considered to be a late first century replacement commissioed by Domitian. PRADO is a component-based and event-driven Web application framework for PHP 5 Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 &ndash 18 September 96 commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 14 September 81 until his death The Baroque-era restoration of the arms gives Jupiter a baton-like scepter in his raised hand.

In language

It was once believed that the Roman god Jupiter (Zeus in Greece) was in charge of cosmic Justice, and in ancient Rome, people swore to Jove in their courts of law, which lead to the common expression "By Jove!", still used as an archaism today. Zeus (zjuːs in Greek: nominative: Zeús /zdeús/ genitive: Diós; Modern Greek /'zefs/ in Greek mythology Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία JUSTICE is a Human rights and law reform organisation based in the United Kingdom. In Language, an archaism is the use of a form of speech or writing that is no longer current In addition, "Jovial" is a somewhat common adjective still used to describe people who are jolly, optimistic, and buoyant in temperament. In psychology temperament is the innate aspect of an individual's personality such as Introversion or Extroversion.

Notes

References

• Musei Capitolini
• Georges Dumézil, Mitra-Varuna. Georges Dumézil ( March 4, 1898 – October 11, 1986) was a French comparative Philologist best known for his analysis of Sovereignty ISBN 0-942299-13-2
• Georges Dumézil, Archaic Roman Religion. Georges Dumézil ( March 4, 1898 – October 11, 1986) was a French comparative Philologist best known for his analysis of Sovereignty ISBN 0-8018-5481-4
• Article "Jupiter" in The Oxford Classical Dictionary. ISBN 0-19-860641-9
• Miranda J. Smith, 'Dictionary of Celtic Myth and Legend' ISBN 0-500-27976-6
• Favourite Greek Myths, Mary Pope Osbourne Aedes Iovis Optimi Maximi Capitolini
• Samuel Ball Platner and Thomas Ashby, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, (London: Oxford University Press) 1929