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Ju 86

Swedish Ju 86
Type bomber, airliner, reconnaissance aircraft
Manufacturer Junkers
Maiden flight 1934
Introduced 1936
Status retired
Primary user German Luftwaffe

The Junkers Ju 86 was a German monoplane bomber and civilian airliner designed in the early 1930s by Junkers. An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing building testing selling and maintaining Aircraft, Aircraft parts The maiden flight of an Aircraft is the first occasion on which an aircraft leaves the ground of its own accord This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1934: Events January January 10 - 11 - A flight of six US This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1936: Events February British Marine Aircraft Ltd Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. A bomber is a Military aircraft designed to attack ground and sea targets primarily by dropping Bombs on them An airliner is a large Fixed-wing aircraft with the primary function of transporting paying passengers The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression. The civilian model Ju 86B could carry ten passengers; two were delivered to Swissair and five to Lufthansa. Swissair ( Swiss Air Transport Company Limited) was the former national Airline of Switzerland. It was used by both sides in World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Furthermore a single civilian Ju 86Z was delivered to the Swedish AB Aerotransport. AB Aerotransport (ABA was a Swedish airline that is today part of the SAS Group. [1]

Contents

Design and development

The Ju 86 was sold to airlines and air forces from several nations, including Bolivia, Chile, Hungary, Manchukuo, Portugal, the South African Air Force (SAAF), Spain, and Sweden. The Republic of Bolivia (República de Bolivia) named after Simón Bolívar, is a Landlocked country in central South America. Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Manchukuo (ja [[wikt満州国 満州国]] Manshūkoku lit "State of Manchuria " was a Puppet state in Manchuria and eastern Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. The South African Air Force (SAAF is the Air force of South Africa, with headquarters in Pretoria. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The Ju 86K was an export model, also built under license in Sweden by Saab as the B 3 with 905 hp Bristol Mercury XIX engines. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Several aircraft remained in service with the Swedish Air Force until 1958. The Swedish Air Force (Swedish Flygvapnet) is the Air force Branch of the Swedish Armed Forces. This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1958: Events Gulfstream Aerospace founded in Savannah Georgia, USA [2]

Operational history

The bomber was field tested in the Spanish Civil War, where it proved inferior to the Heinkel He 111. The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted Coup d'état committed by parts of the army against the government of WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Four Ju 86D-1 arrived in Spain in early February 1937, but after a few sorties one of them (coded 26-1) was shot down on 23 February by Republican fighters with the loss of 3 crewmen killed and 1 captured. A replacement plane was sent from Germany, but in the summer of 1937 another D-1 was lost in an accident, and the three remaining planes were sold to the Nationalist air forces. It was again used in the 1939 invasion of Poland, but retired soon after. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In January 1940 the Luftwaffe tested the prototype Ju 86P with a longer wing span, pressurized cabin, Jumo 207A1 turbocharged diesel engines, and a two-man crew. This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1940: Events January January 6 - During the Winter War between ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. Cabin pressurization is the active pumping of compressed Air into an Aircraft cabin when flying at altitude to maintain a safe and comfortable environment for crew A turbocharger, or turbo, is an air Compressor used for forced-induction of an Internal combustion engine. Diesel or Diesel fuel (ˈdiːzəl in general is any Fuel used in Diesel engines The most common is a specific fractional distillate of petroleum The Ju 86P could fly at heights of 12,000 m (39,000 ft) and higher on occasion, where it was felt to be safe from Allied fighters. The Westland Welkin and Yakovlev Yak-9PD were developed specifically to counter this threat. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

No. 12 Squadron SAAF used Ju 86 bombers in the East African Campaign. The East African Campaign refers to the battles fought in East Africa during World War II.

Satisfied with the newer version, the Luftwaffe ordered that some 40 older-model bombers be converted to Ju 86P-1 high altitude bombers and Ju 86P-2 photo reconnaissance aircraft. Reconnaissance (also scouting) is a military and medical term denoting exploration conducted to gain information Those operated successfully for some years over Britain, the Soviet Union and North Africa. In August 1942, a modified Spitfire V shot one down over Egypt at some 49,000 ft (14,500 meters); when two more were lost, Ju 86Ps were withdrawn from service in 1943. This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1942: Events January January 30 - Canadian Pacific Air Lines WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1943: Events January January 27 - the USAAF makes its first

Junkers developed the Ju 86R for the Luftwaffe, using larger wings and new engines capable of even higher altitudes — up to 16,000 m (52,500 ft) — but production was limited to prototypes.

Survivors

Only one Junkers Ju 86 is known to exist. One of the 16 SAAB-built aircraft is on a permanent static display with the Flygvapenmuseum in Sweden today. The Swedish Air Force Museum (in Swedish, Flygvapenmuseum) is located at Malmen just outside of Linköping, Sweden. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation.

Variants

Ju 86abl
First bomber prototype.
Ju 86bal
Second transport prototype.
Ju 86cb
Third bomber prototype.
Ju 86 V4
Prototype for the Ju 86B commercial transport aircraft.
Ju 86 V5
Prototype for the Ju 86A bomber aircraft.
Ju 86A-0
13 pre-production bomber aircraft.
Ju 86A-1
Initial bomber version.
Ju 86B-0
Seven pre-production transport aircraft.
Ju 86C-1
Six transport aircraft for Lufthansa, powered by two jumo 205C radial piston engines.
Ju 86D-1
Bomber version.
Ju 86E-1
Bomber version for the Luftwaffe, powered by two B. M. W. 132F radial piston engines.
Ju 86E-2
Powered by two B. M. W. 132N radial piston engines.
Ju 86G-1
Fitted with a round glass nose.
Ju 86E-2
Uprated version of the Ju 86E-1.
Ju 86K-1
Export version for South Africa and Sweden. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation.
Ju 86K-2
Export version for Hungary. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic
Ju 86K-4
Export version for Sweden, similar to the Ju 86K-1, but fitted with two Bristol Pegasus III radial piston engines. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
Ju 86K-5
Swedish-built bomber aircraft, powered by two Swedish-built Bristol Pegasus XII radial piston engines. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation.
Ju 86K-6
Export version for Chile and Portugal. Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula.
Ju 86K-13
Swedish-built bomber aircraft, fitted with Swedish or Polish-built Pegasus engines. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland
Ju 86P-1
High-altitude bomber version.
Ju 86P-2
Photo reconnaissance version.
Ju 86R-1
Reconnaissance version.
Ju 86R-2
Bomber version.
Ju 86R-3
Powered by two Jumo 208 engines.
Ju 186
Proposed four-engined high-altitude bomber aircraft. Not built.
Ju 286
Proposed six-engined high-altitude bomber aircraft. Not built.

Operators

Military operators

Civil operators

Specifications (Ju 86R)

Data from Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II[4] and Warbirds Resource Group[5]

General characteristics

Performance

The bomber had defensive armament of three MG15 machine guns, and could carry a 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) bomb load. In Aerodynamics, wing loading is the loaded weight of the aircraft divided by the area of the wing Power-to-weight ratio (specific power is a calculation commonly applied to Engines and other mobile power sources to enable the comparison of one unit or design to another The MG 15 was a 792 mm (031 in Machine gun designed specifically as a hand manipulated defensive gun for combat aircraft during the early 1930's A bomb is any of a range of devices that typically rely on the Exothermic Chemical reaction of an Explosive material to produce an extremely The early model Ju 86-D1 (1936) had two 600 hp Jumo 205C-4 diesel engines, but the Ju 86E replaced those with the 800 hp BMW 132F. This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1936: Events February British Marine Aircraft Ltd WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A diesel engine is an Internal combustion engine which operates using the Diesel cycle (named after Dr WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout )

See also

Related development

Comparable aircraft

Related lists

References

  1. ^ Avrosys. Reconnaissance (also scouting) is a military and medical term denoting exploration conducted to gain information WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout This list of military aircraft of Germany includes prototype pre-production and operational types nu: Tp 9 - Junkers Ju 86Z-7 (1940-1958)
  2. ^ a b Avrosys. nu: B 3 - Junkers Ju 86K (1936-1958)
  3. ^ Avrosys. nu: T 3 - Junkers Ju 86K
  4. ^ Bridgeman, Leonard. “The Junkers Ju 86P and Ju 86R. ” Jane’s Fighting Aircraft of World War II. London: Studio, 1946.  p. 171. ISBN 1 85170 493 0.
  5. ^ Junkers Ju 86. Warbirds Resource Group. Retrieved on 2005-08-11. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 2492 BC - Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founder of the Armenian nation
  1. Aeroplane Monthly June 2005, pg 68

External links


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