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Junkers Ju 52/3m
Type military transport aircraft
Manufacturer Junkers
Maiden flight 13 October 1930
Introduced 1931
Primary users Luftwaffe
Spain
France
Produced 1931-1945 (German production)
1945-1947 (France)
1945-1952 (Spain)
Number built 4,845

The Junkers Ju 52 (nicknamed Tante Ju - "Auntie Ju" - and "Iron Annie") was a transport aircraft and bomber manufactured 1932 – 1945 by Junkers. Military Transport Aircraft or MTA is a division of EADS which designs manufactures and commercialises light and medium transport aircraft An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing building testing selling and maintaining Aircraft, Aircraft parts The maiden flight of an Aircraft is the first occasion on which an aircraft leaves the ground of its own accord Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. The Spanish State ( Estado Español) was the formal name given to Spain from 1939 to 1978 by the régime of Francisco Franco This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. A cargo aircraft (also known as freighters or freight aircraft) is an Fixed-wing aircraft designed or converted for the carriage of goods rather A bomber is a Military aircraft designed to attack ground and sea targets primarily by dropping Bombs on them This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1932: Events The Canadian Siskins Aerobatic team is retired This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1945: Events January January 1 - the Luftwaffe begins targeting It saw both civilian and military service during the 1930s and 1940s. In a civilian role, it flew with well over a dozen air carriers including Swissair and Lufthansa as an airliner and freight hauler. Swissair ( Swiss Air Transport Company Limited) was the former national Airline of Switzerland. In a military role, it flew with the Luftwaffe as a troop and cargo transport, with a secondary role as a medium bomber. ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. A troop is a Military unit, originally a small force of Cavalry, subordinate to a Squadron and headed by the troop leader The Swiss Air Force also flew the Ju 52, with three machines remaining in operation until the early 1980s. The Swiss Air Force ( Schweizer Luftwaffe, Forces aériennes suisses, Forze Aeree Svizzere) is the air component The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989.

Contents

Design and development

The Ju 52 was similar to the company's previous Junkers W33, although larger. WikipediaWikiProject In 1930, Ernst Zindel and his team designed the Ju 52 at the Junkers works at Dessau. This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1930: Events The Surrey Aero Club inaugurates recreational flights from Gatwick Race Course (now Dessau is a town in Germany on the junction of the rivers Mulde and Elbe, in the Bundesland (Federal State of Saxony-Anhalt The aircraft's unusual corrugated metal skin strengthened the fuselage and gave it a characteristic boxy appearance. The fuselage (from the French fuselé "spindle-shaped" is an Aircraft 's main body section that holds crew and passengers or Cargo

Operational history

Ju 52/1m replica of "CF-ARM" at the Western Canada Aviation Museum, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Ju 52/1m replica of "CF-ARM" at the Western Canada Aviation Museum, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

In its original configuration, designated the Ju 52/1m, the Ju 52 was a single-engined aircraft, powered by either a BMW or Junkers liquid-cooled engine. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout in 1936, James A. Richardson's Canadian Airways received (Werknummer 4006) CF-ARM , the sixth ever-built Ju 52. James Armstrong Richardson Sr (1885-1939 was an influential figure in Canada in both business and aviation during the early part of the 20th Century Canadian Airways was an airline formed when Western Canadian Airways bought out Commercial. The aircraft, re-engined with a Rolls-Royce Buzzard and nicknamed the "Flying Boxcar" in Canada,[1] could lift approximately three tons and had a maximum weight of eight tons. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout It was used to supply mining and other operations in remote areas with equipment too big and heavy for other aircraft then in use. The Ju 52/1m was able to land on wheels, skis or floats. [1]

However, the single-engine model was underpowered, and after seven prototypes had been completed, all subsequent Ju 52s were built with three engines as the Ju 52/3m (German drei motoren, meaning "three engines"). The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Originally powered by three Pratt & Whitney Hornet radial engines, later production models mainly received BMW 132 engines, a refinement of the Pratt & Whitney design. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The radial engine is a reciprocating type internal combustion Engine configuration in which the cylinders point outward from a central WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Export models were also built with Pratt & Whitney Wasp and Bristol Pegasus engines. Wasp was the civilian name given to a family of air-cooled radial Piston engines designed by Pratt & Whitney, and used in numerous American WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The upgrade improved performance and load carrying abilities. As a Lufthansa airliner, the Ju 52 could seat 17, and could fly from Berlin to Rome in eight hours. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2

The Ju 52 first saw military service in the Spanish Civil War, as both a bomber and transport aircraft. The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted Coup d'état committed by parts of the army against the government of In the former role it participated in the bombing of Guernica. The bombing of Guernica ( April 26, 1937) was an aerial attack on the Basque town of Guernica, causing widespread destruction and It was again used as a bomber during the bombing of Warsaw[2] during the Invasion of Poland of September 1939. The Bombing of Warsaw in World War II refers both to the Terror bombing campaign of Warsaw by the Luftwaffe during the siege of Warsaw in the The Invasion of Poland (1939 precipitated World War II. It was carried out by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small German-allied The Luftwaffe then relied on the Ju 52 for transport roles during World War II, including paratroop drops, most notably in the Battle of Crete in May 1941. ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Paratroopers are Soldiers trained in Parachuting and generally operate as part of an airborne force. The Battle of Crete ( German Luftlandeschlacht um Kreta; Greek Μάχη της Κρήτης) was a battle during World War II Lightly armed, and with a top speed of only 165 mph — half that of a contemporary Spitfire — the Ju 52 was very vulnerable to fighter attack and an escort was always necessary when flying in a combat zone. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Many Ju 52s were shot down by anti-aircraft guns and fighters while transporting supplies, most notably during the desperate attempt to resupply the trapped German Sixth Army during the final stages of the Battle of Stalingrad in 1943. Anti-aircraft warfare, or air defense, is any method of engaging hostile military Aircraft in defence of ground objectives, ground or naval forces The 6th Army was a German Field army which saw action in World War I and World War II. The Battle of Stalingrad is a commonly used name in English sources for several large operations by Germany and its allies and Soviet forces conducted with the During the final phase of the North African Campaign 24 of the Junkers were shot down in the infamous "Palm Sunday Massacre" on 18 April 1943, another 35 staggered back to Sicily and crash-landed. During World War II, the North African Campaign, also known as the Desert War, took place in the North African desert from June 10, 1940 Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. The transports' escorts, JG 27 claimed just one enemy fighter[3]. Jagdgeschwader 27 (JG 27 Afrika was a World War II Luftwaffe Geschwader.

Variants

In addition to the standard, fixed undercarriage version, there was a floatplane version, equipped with two large floats. In Aviation, the undercarriage or landing gear is the structure (usually wheels that supports an Aircraft on the ground and allows it to taxi A seaplane is a Fixed-wing aircraft capable of taking off and landing (alighting on water This model served during the Norwegian Campaign in 1940, and later in the Mediterranean theatre. The Norwegian Campaign, lasting from 9 April to 10 June 1940, led to the first direct land confrontation between the military forces of the Allies Some Ju 52 floatplanes were also used as minesweepers, fitted with a large degaussing ring under the airframe. A minesweeper is a Naval Warship designed to counter the threat posed by Naval mines The dedicated purpose-built minesweeper first appeared during

Most Ju 52s were destroyed after the war, but a small number were manufactured after 1945. In France the machine was manufactured by Amiot as the Amiot AAC 1 Toucan and in Spain, Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA continued production as the CASA 352. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Several Ju 52s are airworthy and in regular use today. At the moment there are eight airworthy Junkers Ju 52 worldwide

Ju 52
Single-engined transport aircraft.
Ju 52/3m
Three-engined prototype, powered by three 410 kW (550 hp) Pratt & Whitney Hornet engines.
Ju 52/3mce
Three-engined civil transport aircraft.
Ju 52/3mge
Interim bomber and transport aircraft for the Luftwaffe. ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force.
Ju 52/3mg3e
Improved military version, powered by three 541 kW (725 hp) B. M. W. 123-A3 radial piston engines, equipped with improved radio and bomb release machanism.
Ju 52/3mg4e
Military version. The tailskid was replaced by a tailwheel.
Ju 52/3mg5e
Military version, powered by three 619 kw (830 hp) B. M. W. 123T radial piston engines. It could be fitted with interchangeable float, ski and wheel landing gear.
Ju 52/3mg6e
Equipped with a simplified radio.
Ju 52/3mg7e
Fitted with autopilot and a large loading hatch.
Ju 52/3mg8e
Fitted with an extra cabin roof hatch.
Ju 52/3mg9e
Late production version, fitted with strengthened landing gear and glider towing gear.
Ju 52/3mg10e
Similar to the Ju 52/3mg9e, but it could be fitted with floats or wheels.
Ju 52/3mg11e
No details are known.
Ju 52/3mg12e
Powered by three B. M. W. 123L radial piston engines.
Ju 52/3m12e
Some Ju 52/3mg12s were sent to Lufthansa.
Ju 52/3mg13e
No details are known.
Ju 52/3mg14e
this was the last production version.

Operators

Main article: List of Junkers Ju 52 operators
Lufthansa Junkers Ju 52/3m D-CDLH, till 1984, known as "Iron Annie N52JU," painted as D-AQUI in historic Lufthansa colors (the livery this plane wore in 1936). D-CDLH has P&W engines, now with 3-bladed propellers.
Lufthansa Junkers Ju 52/3m D-CDLH, till 1984, known as "Iron Annie N52JU," painted as D-AQUI in historic Lufthansa colors (the livery this plane wore in 1936). See also Junkers Ju 52 The List of Junkers Ju 52 operators lists the countries and their air force units that have operated the aircraft D-CDLH has P&W engines, now with 3-bladed propellers.
CASA 352 (license-built Junkers Ju 52/3m) in Ju-Air markings at Zürich airport
CASA 352 (license-built Junkers Ju 52/3m) in Ju-Air markings at Zürich airport
Preserved Ju 52 at Duxford, 2001, showing corrugated skin
Preserved Ju 52 at Duxford, 2001, showing corrugated skin

Specifications (Junkers Ju 52/3m g7e)

Data from Jane’s Fighting Aircraft of World War II[4]

General characteristics

Performance

Armament

See also

Related development

Comparable aircraft

Related lists

References

Notes

  1. ^ C.B. "Bud" Johnston Library. ROLLS-ROYCE OF CANADA LTD., MONTREAL, QUE.
  2. ^ Warsaw
  3. ^ Weal 2003, p. The MG 15 was a 792 mm (031 in Machine gun designed specifically as a hand manipulated defensive gun for combat aircraft during the early 1930's The Junkers Ju 252 was a Cargo aircraft that made its first flight in late October 1941 The Junkers Ju 352 Herkules was a German World War II transport aircraft that was developed from the Junkers Ju 252. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout At the moment there are eight airworthy Junkers Ju 52 worldwide 91.
  4. ^ Jane 1946, p. 170–171.
  5. ^ Originally measured as 725 PS

Bibliography

External links

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