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For other uses, see Jules Verne (disambiguation). Jules Verne is a name and may refer to Jules Verne (1828&ndash1905 French author Jules Verne (SAJV, fictional character
Jules Verne

Jules Verne, photo by Félix Nadar
Born Jules Gabriel Verne
February 8, 1828(1828-02-08)
Nantes, France
Died March 24, 1905 (aged 77)
Amiens, France
Occupation Novelist
Nationality French
Genres Science fiction
Notable work(s) Journey to the Center of the Earth, Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea, Around the World in Eighty Days
Influences
Influenced

Jules Gabriel Verne (February 8, 1828 – March 24, 1905) was a French author who pioneered the science-fiction genre. Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. The year 1828 ( MDCCCXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Nantes (Naoned Gallo: Naunnt) is a city in western France, located on the Loire River, from the Atlantic coast This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Amiens (amjɛ̃ is a city and commune in northern France, 120 km north of Paris. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. Nationality is a relationship between a Person and their State of Origin, Culture, association Affiliation and/or Loyalty A literary genre is a category of literary composition Genres may be determined by Literary technique, tone, Content, or even (as in the case of fiction A Journey to the Centre of the Earth (Voyage au centre de la Terre also translated as A Journey to the Interior of the Earth, is a classic 1864 For the 1954 film starring Kirk Douglas see 20000 Leagues Under the Sea. Around the World in Eighty Days (Le tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours is a classic Adventure novel by the French writer Jules Verne, first Edgar Allan Poe (January 19 1809 – October 7 1849 was an American poet, short-story Writer, editor and Literary critic, Herbert George Wells (21 September 1866 &ndash 13 August 1946 He was an outspoken socialist and a pacifist, his later works becoming increasingly political Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. The year 1828 ( MDCCCXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. An author is defined both as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created He is best known for his novels Journey to the Center of the Earth (written in 1864), Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (written in 1870), and Around the World in Eighty Days (written in 1873). A Journey to the Centre of the Earth (Voyage au centre de la Terre also translated as A Journey to the Interior of the Earth, is a classic 1864 For the 1954 film starring Kirk Douglas see 20000 Leagues Under the Sea. Around the World in Eighty Days (Le tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours is a classic Adventure novel by the French writer Jules Verne, first Verne wrote about space, air, and underwater travel before navigable aircraft and practical submarines were invented, and before any means of space travel had been devised. Outer space, often simply called space, comprises the relatively empty regions of the Universe outside the escape velocities of Celestial bodies. A submarine is a Watercraft that can operate independently below water as distinct from a Submersible that has only limited underwater capability A submarine is a Watercraft that can operate independently below water as distinct from a Submersible that has only limited underwater capability History First orbital flights The first successful orbital launch was of the Soviet unmanned Sputnik He is the third most translated author of all time, behind Disney Productions and Agatha Christie, according to Index Translationum. Agatha Mary Clarissa Lady Mallowan, DBE (née Miller; 15 September 1890 &ndash 12 January 1976 commonly known as Agatha Christie, was an English The Index Translationum is UNESCO 's database of book Translations Books have been translated for thousands of years with no central record of the fact Some of his work has been made into films. Les Voyages Extraordinaires ("The Extraordinary Voyages" in English was a publishing title affixed to the novels fictional and non-fictional of French author and Science Verne, along with H. G. Wells, is often referred to as the "Father of Science Fiction". Herbert George Wells (21 September 1866 &ndash 13 August 1946 He was an outspoken socialist and a pacifist, his later works becoming increasingly political [1]

Contents

Biography

Early years

Jules Gabriel Verne was born to Pierre Verne, an attorney (died 1871), and his wife, Sophie-Henriette Allotte de la Fuÿe (died 1887), in the bustling harbor city of Nantes in Western France. An attorney at law (or attorney-at-law) in the United States is a practitioner in a court of law who is legally qualified to prosecute Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Nantes (Naoned Gallo: Naunnt) is a city in western France, located on the Loire River, from the Atlantic coast This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The oldest of five children, he spent his early years at home with his parents. The family spent summers in a country house just outside the city, on the banks of the Loire River. The Loire River (lwaʁ in French) is the longest River in France. Jules and his brother Paul, of whom Jules was very fond, would often rent a boat for a franc a day. The sight of the many ships navigating the river sparked Jules' imagination, as he describes in the autobiographical short story "Souvenirs d'Enfance et de Jeunesse". The short story is a literary genre of Fictional Prose Narrative that tends to be more concise and to the point than longer works of fiction such When Jules was nine, he and Paul were sent to boarding school at the Saint Donatien College (Petit séminaire de Saint-Donatien). A boarding school is a School where some or all pupils not only study but also live during term time with their fellow students and possibly teachers As a child, he developed a great interest in travel and exploration, a passion he showed as a writer of adventure stories and science fiction. Travel is the change in location of people on a trip through the means of Transport from one location to another An adventure is an activity that comprises Risky dangerous and uncertain experiences

Verne sitting on a bench.
Verne sitting on a bench.

At the boarding school, Verne studied Latin, which he used in his short story "Le Mariage de Monsieur Anselme des Tilleuls" in the mid-1850s. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. One of his teachers may have been the French inventor Brutus de Villeroi, professor of drawing and mathematics at Saint Donatien in 1842, and who later became famous for creating the US Navy's first submarine, the USS Alligator. An inventor is a person who creates or discovers a new method form device or other useful means Brutus de Villeroi (1794-1874 was a French engineer of the 19th century born as Brutus Villeroi (he added the aristocratic "de" in his later years in the city of The meaning of the word professor ( Latin: professor, person who professes to be an expert in some art or science teacher of highest rank) varies Drawing is a Visual art that makes use of any number of drawing instruments to mark a two-dimensional medium Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and Year 1842 ( MDCCCXLII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common A submarine is a Watercraft that can operate independently below water as distinct from a Submersible that has only limited underwater capability Construction In the autumn of 1861 the Navy asked the firm of Neafie & Levy to construct a small submersible ship designed by the French Engineer De Villeroi may have inspired Verne's conceptual design for the Nautilus in Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, although no direct exchanges between the two men have been recorded. The Nautilus is the fictional Submarine featured in Jules Verne's novels Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (1870 and For the 1954 film starring Kirk Douglas see 20000 Leagues Under the Sea.

Literary debut

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After completing his studies at the lycée, Jules Verne went to Paris to study law. This article is a general introduction to French literature For detailed information on French literature in specific historic periods see the separate historical articles in the Medieval French literature is for the purpose of this article Literature written in Oïl languages (particularly Old French and early Middle For more information on historical developments in this period see Renaissance, History of France, and Early Modern France. French literature of the 17th century &mdashthe so-called Grand Siècle &mdashspans the reigns of Henry IV of France, the Regency of Marie de Medici French literature of the 18th century usually refers to the literature written between 1715, the year of the death of King Louis XIV of France, and 1798 the year French literature of the nineteenth century is for the purpose of this article literature written in French from (roughly 1799 to 1900 French literature of the twentieth century is for the purpose of this article literature written in French from (roughly 1895 to 1990 Contemporary French literature is French literature roughly from the 1990s to Today. Chronological list of French language authors (regardless of nationality by date of birth Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city About 1848, in conjunction with Michel Carré, he began writing librettos for operettas. Michel Carré ( 20 October, 1821 - 27 June, 1872) was a prolific French librettist Operetta is a genre of light Opera, light in terms both of music and subject matter For some years his attentions were divided between the theatre and work, but some travelers' stories which he wrote for the Musée des Familles revealed to him his true talent: the telling of delightfully extravagant voyages and adventures to which cleverly prepared scientific and geographical details lent an air of verisimilitude.

When Verne's father discovered that his son was writing rather than studying law, he promptly withdrew his financial support. Verne was forced to support himself as a stockbroker, which he hated despite being somewhat successful at it. A stock broker or stockbroker is a qualified and regulated professional who buys and sells shares and other securities through Market makers or During this period, he met Alexandre Dumas, père and Victor Hugo, who offered him writing advice. Victor-Marie Hugo ( ( February 26, 1802 – May 22, 1885) was a French Poet, Playwright, Novelist Dumas would become a close friend of Verne. [2]

Verne also met Honorine de Viane Morel, a widow with two daughters. Jules Gabriel Verne ( February 8 1828 &ndash March 24 1905) was a French Author who pioneered the science-fiction They were married on January 10, 1857. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the With her encouragement, he continued to write and actively looked for a publisher. On August 3, 1861, their son, Michel Jean Verne, was born. Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Michel Jean Pierre Verne ( August 3, 1861 &ndash March 5, 1925) was a writer and the son of Jules Verne. A classic enfant terrible, Michel was sent to Mettray Penal Colony in 1876 and later married an actress (in spite of Verne's objections), had two children by his 16-year-old mistress, and buried himself in debts. L'enfant terrible (Terrible child (also spelled enfant terrible) is a French term for a child who is terrifyingly candid by saying embarrassing things to adults Mettray Penal Colony, situated in the small village of Mettray in the French département of Indre-et-Loire just north of the city of Tours, was a private reformatory The relationship between father and son did improve as Michel grew older.

Verne's situation improved when he met Pierre-Jules Hetzel, one of the most important French publishers of the 19th century, who also published Victor Hugo, Georges Sand, and Erckmann-Chatrian, among others. Pierre-Jules Hetzel ( January 15, 1814 &ndash March 17, 1886) was a French editor and publisher Victor-Marie Hugo ( ( February 26, 1802 – May 22, 1885) was a French Poet, Playwright, Novelist Amandine Aurore Lucile Dupin, later Baroness (French baronne) Dudevant ( July 1, 1804 &ndash June 8, 1876 Erckmann-Chatrian was the name used by French authors Émile Erckmann (1822-1899 and Alexandre Chatrian (1826-1890 nearly all of whose works were jointly written They formed an excellent writer-publisher team until Hetzel's death. Hetzel helped improve Verne's writings, which until then had been repeatedly rejected by other publishers. Hetzel read a draft of Verne's story about the balloon exploration of Africa, which had been rejected by other publishers for being "too scientific". A balloon is a flexible bag filled with a type of Gas, such as Helium, Hydrogen, Nitrous oxide or air. With Hetzel's help, Verne rewrote the story, which was published in 1863 in book form as Cinq semaines en ballon (Five Weeks in a Balloon). Five Weeks in a Balloon or Journeys and Discoveries in Africa by Three Englishmen (Cinq semaines en ballon is an Adventure novel by Jules Verne. Acting on Hetzel's advice, Verne added comical accents to his novels, changed sad endings into happy ones, and toned down various political messages.

A typical Hetzel front cover for a Jules Verne book. The edition is Les Aventures du Capitaine Hatteras au Pôle Nord, type "Aux deux éléphants".
A typical Hetzel front cover for a Jules Verne book. Pierre-Jules Hetzel ( January 15, 1814 &ndash March 17, 1886) was a French editor and publisher The edition is Les Aventures du Capitaine Hatteras au Pôle Nord, type "Aux deux éléphants".

From that point to years after Verne's death, Hetzel published two or more volumes a year. The most successful of these include: Voyage au centre de la terre (Journey to the Center of the Earth, 1864); De la terre à la lune (From the Earth to the Moon, 1865); Vingt mille lieues sous les mers (Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea, 1869); and Le tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours (Around the World in Eighty Days), which first appeared in Le Temps in 1872. A Journey to the Centre of the Earth (Voyage au centre de la Terre also translated as A Journey to the Interior of the Earth, is a classic 1864 From the Earth to the Moon (De la Terre à la Lune 1865) is a humorous Science fantasy Novel by Jules Verne and is For the 1954 film starring Kirk Douglas see 20000 Leagues Under the Sea. Around the World in Eighty Days (Le tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours is a classic Adventure novel by the French writer Jules Verne, first The series is collectively known as "Les voyages extraordinaires" ("extraordinary voyages"). Verne could now live on his writings. But most of his wealth came from the stage adaptations of Le tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours (1874) and Michel Strogoff (1876), which he wrote with Adolphe d'Ennery. Michael Strogoff The Courier of the Czar (Michel Strogoff is a Novel written by Jules Verne in 1876. Adolphe Philippe d'Ennery or Dennery ( June 17, 1811 – January 25, 1899) was a French Dramatist and In 1867 Verne bought a small ship, the Saint-Michel, which he successively replaced with the Saint-Michel II and the Saint-Michel III as his financial situation improved. On board the Saint-Michel III, he sailed around Europe. In 1870, he was appointed "Chevalier" (Knight) of the Légion d'honneur. After his first novel, most of his stories were first serialised in the Magazine d'Éducation et de Récréation, a Hetzel biweekly publication, before being published in the form of books. To publish is to make content Publicly known. The term is most frequently applied to the distribution of text or images on paper or to the placing of content Publishing is the process of production and dissemination of Literature or Information &ndash the activity of making information available for public view His brother Paul contributed to 40th French climbing of the Mont-Blanc and a collection of short stories, Doctor Ox (1874). According to the Unesco Index Translationum, Jules Verne regularly places among the top five most translated authors in the world. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 The Index Translationum is UNESCO 's database of book Translations Books have been translated for thousands of years with no central record of the fact

Last years

On March 9, 1886, as Verne approached his own home, his twenty-five-year-old nephew Gaston, who suffered from paranoia, shot twice at him with a gun. Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia. Year 1886 ( MDCCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common One bullet missed, but the second entered Verne's left leg, giving him a permanent limp. Gaston spent the rest of his life in an asylum.

Verne in 1892
Verne in 1892

After the deaths of Hetzel and his beloved mother in 1887, Verne began writing darker works. This may have been due partly to changes in his personality, but an important factor was that Hetzel's son, who took over his father's business, was not as rigorous in his edits and corrections as Hetzel Sr. had been.

In 1888, Jules Verne entered politics and was elected town councilor of Amiens, where he championed several improvements and served for fifteen years. Year 1888 ( MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions Amiens (amjɛ̃ is a city and commune in northern France, 120 km north of Paris.

In 1905, ill with diabetes, Verne died at his home, 44 Boulevard Longueville (now Boulevard Jules-Verne). Diabetes mellitus (ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz or /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtəs/ /məˈlaɪtəs/ or /ˈmɛlətəs/ often referred to simply as diabetes ( Ancient Greek: grc His son Michel oversaw publication of his last novels Invasion of the Sea and The Lighthouse at the End of the World. The Lighthouse at the End of the World (Le Phare du bout du monde is an adventure Novel by French Author Jules Verne. The "Voyages extraordinaires" series continued for several years afterwards in the same rhythm of two volumes a year. It was later discovered that Michel Verne had made extensive changes in these stories, and the original versions were published at the end of the 20th century.

In 1863, Jules Verne wrote Paris in the 20th Century, a novel about a young man who lives in a world of glass skyscrapers, high-speed trains, gas-powered automobiles, calculators, and a worldwide communications network, yet cannot find happiness and comes to a tragic end. Paris in the Twentieth Century (Paris au XXe siècle is a Science fiction Novel by Jules Verne. A skyscraper is a tall continuously habitable Building. There is no official definition or a precise cutoff height above which a building may clearly be classified as a skyscraper A calculator is device for performing mathematical calculations distinguished from a Computer by having a limited problem solving ability and an interface optimized for interactive Hetzel thought the novel's pessimism would damage Verne's then booming career, and suggested he wait 20 years to publish it. Verne put the manuscript in a safe, where it was discovered by his great-grandson in 1989. It was published in 1994.

Reputation in English-speaking countries

While Verne is considered in France as an author of quality books for young people, with a good command of his subjects, including technology and politics, his reputation in English-speaking countries suffered for a long time as a result of poor translation. Translation is the interpreting of the meaning of a text and the subsequent production of an equivalent text likewise called a " translation

Some critics felt 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea portrayed the British Empire in a bad light, and the first English translator, Reverend Lewis Page Mercier, working under a pseudonym, removed many offending passages, such as those describing the political actions of Captain Nemo in his incarnation as an Indian nobleman. The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. Reverend Lewis Page Mercier (1820-1875 is known today as the translator along with Eleanor Elizabeth King of two of the best known novels of Jules Verne: Twenty A pseudonym is a fictitious alternative to a person's legal name (see Alias) Captain Nemo is a Fictional character featured in Jules Verne 's novels Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (1870 and The Mysterious India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Such negative depictions were not, however, invariable in Verne's works; for example, Facing the Flag features, in the character of Lieutenant Devon, a heroic, self-sacrificing Royal Navy officer worthy of any created by British authors. Facing the Flag or For the Flag (Face au drapeau is an 1896 Patriotic Novel by Jules Verne. The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) In 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea itself, Captain Nemo, an Indian, is balanced by Ned Land, a Canadian. Some of Verne's most famous heroes were British (e. g. Phileas Fogg in Around the World in Eighty Days). Around the World in Eighty Days (Le tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours is a classic Adventure novel by the French writer Jules Verne, first

Mercier and subsequent British translators also had trouble with the metric system that Verne used, sometimes dropping significant figures, at other times changing the unit to an Imperial measure without changing the corresponding value. Imperial units or the Imperial system is a collection of units first defined in the British Weights and Measures Act of 1824 Thus Verne's calculations, which in general were remarkably exact, were converted into mathematical gibberish. Also, artistic passages and sometimes whole chapters were cut to fit the work into a constrained space for publication.

For these reasons, Verne's work initially acquired a reputation in English-speaking countries of not being fit for adult readers. This in turn prevented it from being taken seriously enough to merit new translations, and those of Mercier and others were reprinted decade after decade. Only from 1965 on have some of his novels received more accurate translations, but even today Verne's work has not been fully rehabilitated in the English-speaking world.

Verne's works may also reflect the bitterness France felt in the wake of its defeat in the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71) and the consequent loss of Alsace and Lorraine. The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War ( 19 July, 1870 — 10 May, 1871 Alsace (Alsace alzas Alsatian and Elsass pre-1996 German: Elsaß; Alsatia is one of the 26 Regions of France, located on the eastern Moselle is a ''département'' in the east of France named after the Moselle River. The Begum's Millions (Les Cinq cents millions de la Begum) of 1879 gives a highly stereotypical depiction of Germans as monstrously cruel militarists. The Begum's Fortune (Les Cinq cents millions de la Bégum also published as The Begum's Millions, is an 1879 novel by Jules Verne By contrast, almost all the protagonists in his pre-1871 works, such as the sympathetic first-person narrator in Journey to the Centre of the Earth, are German.

Hetzel's influence

Hetzel substantially influenced the writings of Verne, who was so happy to finally find a willing publisher that he agreed to almost all changes that Hetzel suggested. Hetzel rejected at least one novel (Paris in the 20th Century), and asked Verne to make significant changes in his other drafts. Paris in the Twentieth Century (Paris au XXe siècle is a Science fiction Novel by Jules Verne. One of the most important changes Hetzel imposed on Verne was the adoption of a more optimistic tone. Verne was in fact not an enthusiast of technological and human progress, as can be seen in the works he created both before he met Hetzel and after the publisher's death. Hetzel's insistence on a more optimistic text proved correct. For example, The Mysterious Island originally ended with the survivors returning to mainland forever nostalgic about the island. Hetzel decided that the heroes should live happily, so in the revised draft, they use their fortunes to build a replica of the island. Many translations are like this. Also, in order not to offend France's then-ally, Russia, the famous Captain Nemo was changed from a Polish refugee avenging the partitions of Poland and the death of his family, killed in the reprisals following the January Uprising, to an Indian prince fighting the British Empire after the Sikh War. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Captain Nemo is a Fictional character featured in Jules Verne 's novels Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (1870 and The Mysterious Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the The January Uprising ( Polish: powstanie styczniowe, Lithuanian: 1863 m India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power.

Predictions

A mural in Tampa, Florida commemorating Verne's From the Earth to the Moon.
A mural in Tampa, Florida commemorating Verne's From the Earth to the Moon. From the Earth to the Moon (De la Terre à la Lune 1865) is a humorous Science fantasy Novel by Jules Verne and is

Jules Verne's novels have been noted for being startlingly accurate anticipations of modern times. Paris in the 20th Century is an often cited example of this as it arguably describes air conditioning, automobiles, the Internet, television, and other modern conveniences very similar to their real world counterparts. The term air conditioning refers to the cooling and dehumidification of indoor air for Thermal comfort. The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic

Another example is From the Earth to the Moon, which is uncannily similar to the real Apollo Program, as three astronauts are launched from the Florida peninsula and recovered through a splash landing. From the Earth to the Moon (De la Terre à la Lune 1865) is a humorous Science fantasy Novel by Jules Verne and is In the book, the spacecraft is launched from "Tampa Town"; Tampa, Florida is approximately 130 miles from NASA's actual launching site at Cape Canaveral. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program The John F Kennedy Space Center ( KSC) is the NASA Space vehicle launch facility and Launch Control Center ( Spaceport) on Cape Canaveral from the Spanish Cabo Cañaveral, is a headland in Brevard County Florida, United States, near the center of that [3]

In other works, Verne predicted the inventions of helicopters, submarines, projectors, jukeboxes, and other later devices.

He also predicted the existence of underwater hydrothermal vents that were not discovered until years after he wrote about them.


Scholars' jokes

Verne, who had a large archive and always kept up with scientific and technological progress, sometimes seemed to joke with the readers, using so-called "scholars' jokes" (that is, a joke that only a scientist may recognise). For instance, in Dick Sand, A Captain at Fifteen, a Manticora beetle helps Cousin Bénédict to escape from imprisonment when Bénédict, unguarded, follows the beetle out of the garden. Dick Sand A Captain at Fifteen (Un capitaine de quinze ans is a Jules Verne novel published in 1878. Manticora (often misspelled Mantichora following an unjustified spelling change in 1837 is a well-known genus of Tiger beetle that is endemic Beetles are the group of Insects with the largest number of known Species. Since the beetle escapes from Cousin Bénédict by flying away, when in fact the genus is flightless, it is possible that this is one such joke. Another example appears in Mysterious Island, where the main character's dog is attacked by a wild dugong, even though the dugong, like its North American cousin, the manatee, is a herbivorous mammal. The Mysterious Island (L'Île mystérieuse is a Novel by Jules Verne, published in 1874. The dugong ( Dugong dugon) is a large Marine Mammal which together with the Manatees is one of four living species of the order Sirenia Manatees ( family Trichechidae, Genus Trichechus) are large fully aquatic Marine mammals sometimes known as sea Also in Mysterious Island, because of its fauna and flora, the sailor Bonadventure Pencroff asks Cyrus Harding whether the latter believes that islands (like the one they are on) are made specially to be ideal ones for castaways. From the Earth to the Moon (the material used for the cannon — in this case it was probably poetic license, since the description of the making of the gun became far more dramatic), or The Begum's Millions, where the methods used for making steel in "Steel City", described as the most modern steel factory in the world, were rather dated, but, again, much more spectacular to describe. From the Earth to the Moon (De la Terre à la Lune 1865) is a humorous Science fantasy Novel by Jules Verne and is | NOTE Throughout this article "cannon" is used as BOTH the || singular and plural Artistic license (also known as dramatic license, poetic license, narrative license, licentia poetica, or simply license) is a colloquial The Begum's Fortune (Les Cinq cents millions de la Bégum also published as The Begum's Millions, is an 1879 novel by Jules Verne Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 A factory (previously manufactory) or manufacturing plant is an industrial Building where workers manufacture goods (See Neff, 1978)

Bibliography

Jules Verne in front of creatures from his novels and stories.
Jules Verne in front of creatures from his novels and stories.

Verne wrote numerous works, most famous of which are the 54 novels part of the Voyages Extraordinaires. Les Voyages Extraordinaires ("The Extraordinary Voyages" in English was a publishing title affixed to the novels fictional and non-fictional of French author and Science He also wrote short stories, essays, plays, and poems.

Note: only the dates of the first English translation and the most common translation title are given.

Voyages Extraordinaires

Main article: Voyages Extraordinaires

  1. Five Weeks in a Balloon (Cinq Semaines en ballon, 1863)
  2. The Adventures of Captain Hatteras (Voyages et aventures du capitaine Hatteras, 1866)
  3. Journey to the Center of the Earth (Voyage au centre de la Terre, 1864)
  4. From the Earth to the Moon (De la terre à la lune, 1865)
  5. In Search of the Castaways or Captain Grant's Children (Les Enfants du capitaine Grant, 1867-1868)
  6. Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (Vingt mille lieues sous les mers, 1869-1870)
  7. Around The Moon (Autour de la lune, a sequel to From the Earth to the Moon, 1870)
  8. A Floating City (Une ville flottante, 1871)
  9. The Adventures of Three Englishmen and Three Russians in South Africa (Aventures de trois Russes et de trois Anglais, 1872)
  10. The Fur Country (Le Pays des fourrures, 1873)
  11. Around the World in Eighty Days (Le Tour du Monde en quatre-vingts jours, 1873)
  12. The Mysterious Island (L’île mysterieuse, 1875)
  13. The Survivors of the Chancellor (Le Chancellor, 1875)
  14. Michael Strogoff (Michel Strogoff, 1876)
  15. Off on a Comet (Hector Servadac, 1877)
  16. The Child of the Cavern, also known as Black Diamonds or The Black Indies (Les Indes noires, 1877)
  17. Dick Sand, A Captain at Fifteen (Un Capitaine de quinze ans, 1878)
  18. The Begum's Millions (Les Cinq cents millions de la Bégum, 1879)
  19. Tribulations of a Chinaman in China (Les tribulations d'un chinois en Chine, 1879)
  20. The Steam House (La Maison à vapeur, 1879)
  21. Eight Hundred Leagues on the Amazon (La Jangada, 1881)
  22. Godfrey Morgan (l'Ecole des Robinsons, 1882)
  23. The Green Ray (Le Rayon vert, 1882)
  24. Kéraban the Inflexible (Kéraban-le-têtu, 1883)
  25. The Vanished Diamond (L’Étoile du sud, 1884)
  26. The Archipelago on Fire (L’Archipel en feu, 1884)
  27. Mathias Sandorf (1885)
  28. The Lottery Ticket (Un Billet de loterie, 1886)
  29. Robur the Conqueror or The Clipper of the Clouds (Robur-le-Conquérant, 1886)
  30. North Against South (Nord contre Sud, 1887)
  31. The Flight to France (Le Chemin de France, 1887)
  32. Two Years' Vacation (Deux Ans de vacances, 1888)
  33. Family Without a Name (Famille-sans-nom, 1888)
  34. The Purchase of the North Pole (Sans dessus dessous, the second sequel to From the Earth to the Moon, 1889)
  35. César Cascabel (1890)
  36. Mistress Branican, (Mistress Branican, 1891)
  37. Carpathian Castle (Le Château des Carpathes, 1892)
  38. Claudius Bombarnac (1892)
  39. Foundling Mick (P’tit-Bonhomme, 1893)
  40. Captain Antifer (Mirifiques Aventures de Maître Antifer, 1894)
  41. Propeller Island (L’Île à hélice, 1895)
  42. Facing the Flag (Face au drapeau, 1896)
  43. Clovis Dardentor (1896)
  44. An Antarctic Mystery (Le Sphinx des glaces, 1897)
  45. The Mighty Orinoco (Le Superbe Orénoque, 1898)
  46. The Will of an Eccentric (Le Testament d’un excentrique, 1899)
  47. The Castaways of the Flag (Seconde patrie, 1900)
  48. The Village in the Treetops (Le Village aérien, 1901)
  49. The Sea Serpent (Les Histoires de Jean-Marie Cabidoulin, 1901)
  50. The Kip Brothers (Les Frères Kip, 1902)
  51. Traveling Scholarships (Bourses de voyage, 1903)
  52. A Drama in Livonia (Un Drame en Livonie, 1904)
  53. Master of the World (Maître du monde, sequel to Robur the Conqueror, 1904)
  54. Invasion of the Sea (L’Invasion de la mer, 1905)

Other novels and short story collections

Non-fiction works

Short stories

Apocrypha

Imitations by other writers

'The Wizard of the Sea' by Roy Rockwood is a clear copy of Verne's 20000 Leagues Under the Sea, apart from the first chapter(s). The Eternal Adam (L'Éternel Adam is a short Novelette by Jules Verne recounting the progressive fall into Barbary of a group of survivors to an Apocalypse Roy Rockwood was a house Pseudonym used by the Stratemeyer Syndicate for boy's adventure books One or two other of Rockwood's titles also seem to (lesser) resemble some of Verne's, eg compare 'Five Thousand Miles Underground' to 'Journey to the Centre of the Earth'.

See also

References

  1. ^ Adam Charles Roberts (2000), "The History of Science Fiction": Page 48 in Science Fiction, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-19204-8. Others who are popularly called the "Father of Science Fiction" include Hugo Gernsback, H. G. Wells and Edgar Allan Poe. Hugo Gernsback ( August 16 1884 – August 19 1967) born Hugo Gernsbacher, was a Luxembourg American Inventor Herbert George Wells (21 September 1866 &ndash 13 August 1946 He was an outspoken socialist and a pacifist, his later works becoming increasingly political Edgar Allan Poe (January 19 1809 – October 7 1849 was an American poet, short-story Writer, editor and Literary critic,
  2. ^ Teeters, Peggy: Jules Verne:The Man Who Invented Tomorrow, page 24. THe Walker Publishing Company, 1992
  3. ^ A Jules Verne Centennial: 1905-2005

Further reading

External links

Persondata
NAME Verne, Jules
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Verne, Jules Gabriel
SHORT DESCRIPTION French science fiction author
DATE OF BIRTH 8 February 1828
PLACE OF BIRTH Nantes, France
DATE OF DEATH 24 March 1905
PLACE OF DEATH Amiens, France

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