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Jules Simon
Jules Simon
In office
December 12, 1876 – May 17, 1877
Preceded by Jules Dufaure
Succeeded by Albert, duc de Broglie
Born December 27, 1814
Died June 8, 1896
Political party None

Jules François Simon (December 27, 1814 - June 8, 1896) was a French statesman and philosopher, and one of the leader of the Opportunist Republicans faction. The Prime Minister of France ( Premier ministre français) in Fifth Republic is the functional Head of the government and Council of Ministers Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. Year 1877 ( MDCCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Jules Armand Stanislas Dufaure (4 December 1798 28 June 1881 was a French Statesman. Jacques-Victor-Albert 4th duc de Broglie (13 June 1821 19 January 1901 was a French Monarchist politician Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Year 1814 ( MDCCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Year 1814 ( MDCCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language The Opportunist Republicans (Républicains opportunistes was a term given to a fraction of the French Republicans who considered after the proclamation of the Third

Contents

Biography

Simon was born at Lorient. Lorient, or L'Orient, (An Oriant is a commune and a Seaport in the Morbihan département, of Brittany. His father was a linen-draper from Lorraine, who renounced Protestantism before his second marriage with a Catholic Breton. Lorraine (Lorraine Lothringen is a historical area in present-day northeast France. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". Brittany (Breizh bʁejs Bretagne; Gallo: Bertaèyn) is a former independent Celtic kingdom and Duchy, now incorporated into Jules Simon was the son of this second marriage. The family name was Suisse, which Simon dropped in favour of his third forename. By considerable sacrifice he was enabled to attend a seminary at Vannes, and worked briefly as usher in a school before, in 1833, he became a student at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris. Vannes (Gwened is a town and commune located in the Morbihan département, in Brittany, in the west of France. Year 1833 ( MDCCCXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common École Normale de Musique de ParisThe École normale supérieure (also known as Normale Sup’, Normale, ENS, ENS-Paris, ENS-Ulm or Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city There he came in contact with Victor Cousin, who sent him to Caen and then to Versailles to teach philosophy. Victor Cousin ( 28 November 1792 - 13 January 1867) was a French Philosopher. Caen (kɑ̃ is a commune in northwestern France. It is the Prefecture of the Calvados department and the capital of the Versailles (vɛʀsaj in French) formerly de facto capital of the kingdom of France, is now a wealthy suburb of Paris and is still an important He helped Cousin, without receiving any recognition, in his translations from Plato, and in 1839 became his deputy in the chair of philosophy at the University of Paris, with the meagre salary of 83 francs per month. Biography Early life Birth and family Plato was born in Athens Greece Year 1839 ( MDCCCXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The historic University of Paris (Université de Paris first appeared in the second half of the 13th century He also lectured on the history of philosophy at the École Normale Supérieure. The history of Philosophy is the study of philosophical ideas and concepts through time

At this period he edited the works of Nicolas Malebranche (2 vols, 1842), of René Descartes (1842), Bossuet (1842) and of Antoine Arnauld (1843), and in 1844-1845 appeared the two volumes of his Histoire de l'école d'Alexandrie. "Malebranche" redirects here For the fictional demons see Malebolge. Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet ( September 27, 1627 - April 12, 1704) was a French Bishop and theologian, renowned Antoine Arnauld, ( February 6, 1612 - August 6, 1694) &mdash le Grand as contemporaries called him to distinguish him from his He became a regular contributor to the Revue des deux mondes, and in 1847, with Amédée Jacques and Émile Saisset, founded the Liberté de penser, with the intention of throwing off the yoke of Cousin, but he retired when Jacques allowed the insertion of an article advocating the principles of collectivism, with which he was at no time in sympathy. The Revue des Deux Mondes (Review of the Two Worlds is a monthly literary and cultural affairs Magazine published in the French language. Year 1847 ( MDCCCXLVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Amédée Jacques ( July 4, 1813 - October 13, 1865) often known as Amadeo, was a Franco - Argentine pedagogue Émile Edmond Saisset ( September 16, 1814 - December 17, 1863) was a French Philosopher.

Political career from 1848 to 1871

In 1848 he represented the Côtes-du-Nord in the National Assembly, and next year entered the Council of State, but was retired on account of his republican opinions. Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap His refusal to take the oath of allegiance to the government of Louis Napoleon after the coup d'état was followed by his dismissal from his professorship, and he devoted himself to philosophical and political writings of a popular order. Napoléon III, also known as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (full name Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte) (20 April 1808 9 January 1873 was the first President Le Devoir (1853), which was translated into modern Greek and Swedish, was followed by La Religion naturelle (1856, Eng. trans. , 1887), La Liberté de conscience (1857), La Liberté politique (1859), La Liberté civile (1859), L'Ouvrière (1861), L'Ecole (1864), Le Travail (1866), L'Ouvrier de huit ans (1867) and others.

In 1863 he was returned to the Corps Législatif for the 8th circonscription of the Seine département, and supported "les Cinq" in their opposition to the government. Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Seine was a département of France encompassing Paris and its immediate suburbs In the Terminology of Political geography and Historiography a National department (département departamento is an administrative He became minister of instruction in the Government of National Defense on September 5, 1870. Le Gouvernement de la Défense Nationale, or The Government of National Defence, was the first Government of the Third Republic of France from September Events 1590 - Alexander Farnese 's army forces Henry IV of France to raise the siege of Paris. Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common After the capitulation of Paris in January 1871 he was sent down to Bordeaux to prevent the resistance of Léon Gambetta to the peace. Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common ( Gascon: Bordèu) is a port city in southwest France, with one million inhabitants in its metropolitan area at a 2008 estimate Léon Gambetta (2 April 1838 Cahors, Lot - 31 December 1882 Paris) was a French statesman prominent after the Franco-Prussian War But at Bordeaux, Gambetta, who had issued a proclamation excluding from the elections those who had been officials under the Empire, was all-powerful. Pretending to dispute Jules Simon's credentials, he issued orders for his arrest. Meanwhile Simon had found means of communication with Paris, and on February 6 was reinforced by Eugène Pelletan, E. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Pierre Clément Eugène Pelletan ( October 29, 1813 &ndash 1884 was a French writer journalist and politician Arago and Garnier-Pages. Étienne Joseph Louis Garnier-Pagès ( December 27, 1801 - June 23, 1841) was a French politician born at Marseille. Gambetta resigned, and the ministry of the Interior, though nominally given to Arago, was really in Simon's hands.

Third Republic

Defeated in the département of the Seine , he sat for the Marne in the National Assembly, and resumed the portfolio of Education in the first cabinet of Adolphe Thiers's presidency. Marne is a department in north-eastern France named after the Marne River which flows through the department Louis-Adolphe fr Thiers ( Marseille, 16 April 1797&ndash3 September 1877 was a French politician and Historian. He advocated free primary education yet sought to conciliate the clergy by all the means in his power; but no concessions removed the hostility of Dupanloup, who presided over the commission appointed to consider his draft of an elementary education bill. Félix Antoine Philibert Dupanloup ( January 3, 1802 &ndash October 11, 1878) was a French ecclesiastic The reforms he was actually able to carry out were concerned with secondary education. He encouraged the study of living languages, and limited the attention given to the making of Latin verse; he also encouraged independent methods at the École Normale, and set up a school at Rome where members of the French school of Athens should spend some time. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's

He retained office until a week before the fall of Thiers in 1873. He was regarded by the monarchical right as one of the most dangerous obstacles in the way of a restoration, which he did as much as any man (except perhaps the comte de Chambord himself) to prevent, but by the extreme left he was distrusted for his moderate views, and Gambetta never forgave his victory at Bordeaux. Henri V of France and Navarre ( Henri Charles Ferdinand Marie Dieudonné d'Artois de France – September 29, 1820 – August 24, 1883 In 1875 he became a member of the Académie française and a life senator, and in 1876, on the resignation of Jules Dufaure, was summoned to form a cabinet. L'Académie française, or the French Academy, is the pre-eminent French learned body on matters pertaining to the French language. A senator for life is a member of the Senate elected or appointed for lifetime Jules Armand Stanislas Dufaure (4 December 1798 28 June 1881 was a French Statesman. He replaced anti-republican functionaries in the civil service by republicans, and held his own until May 3, 1877, when he adopted a motion carried by a large majority in the Chamber inviting the cabinet to use all means for the repression of clerical agitation. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Year 1877 ( MDCCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

His clerical enemies then induced Marshal MacMahon to take advantage of a vote on the press law carried in Jules Simon's absence from the Chamber to write him a letter regretting that he no longer preserved his influence in the Chamber, and thus practically demanding his resignation. Marie Edme Patrice Maurice de Mac-Mahon, 1st Duc de Magenta, Marshal of France (13 June 1808 - 17 October 1893 was a French His resignation in response to this act of the president, known as the "Seize Mai", which he might have resisted by an appeal to the Chamber, proved his ruin, and he never again held office. He justified his action by his fear of providing an opportunity for a coup d'état on the part of the Marshal. However, the May 1877 crisis eventually ended in MacMahon's demise and in the victory of the Republicans over the monarchist Orleanists and Legitimists. The Orléanists were a French Right-wing / Center-right Political faction or party which arose out of the French Revolution Legitimists are Royalists in France who believe that the King of France and Navarre must be chosen according to the simple application of the

The rejection (1880) of article 7 of Ferry's Education Act, by which the profession of teaching would have been forbidden to members of non-authorized congregations, was due to his intervention. The Jules Ferry laws are a set of French laws which established first Free education ( 1881) then mandatory and laic education ( 1882 He was in fact one of the chief of the left centre Opportunist Republicans faction, opposed in the same faction to Jules Grévy and also to the Radical Gambetta. The Opportunist Republicans (Républicains opportunistes was a term given to a fraction of the French Republicans who considered after the proclamation of the Third François Paul Jules Grévy (15 August 1807 - 9 September 1891 was a President of the French Third Republic and one of the leaders of the Opportunist Republicans He was director of Le Gaulois from 1879 to 1881, and his influence in the country among moderate republicans was retained by his articles in Le Matin from 1882 onwards, in the Journal des Débats, which he joined in 1886, and in Le Temps from 1890. Le Gaulois was a French daily newspaper founded in 1868 by Edmond Tarbe and Henri de Pene Journal des débats ("Journal of Debates" was a French Newspaper, published between 1789 and 1944 that changed title several times Le Temps is one of Switzerland 's leading daily Newspapers The French language newspaper is published in Geneva and has editorial

Works

His own accounts of some of the events in which he had been involved appear in Souvenirs du 4 septembre (1874), Le Gouvernement de M. Thiers (2 vols. , 1878), in Mémoires des autres (1889), Nouveaux mémoires des autres (1891) and Les Derniers mémoires des autres (1897), while his sketch of Victor Cousin (1887) was a further contribution to contemporary history. For his personal history, the Premiers mémoires (I900) and Le Soir de ma journée (1902), edited by his son Gustave Simon, may be supplemented by Leon Seche's Figures bretonnes, Jules Simon, sa vie, son œuvre (new ed. , 1898), and G Picot, Jules Simon: notice historique (1897); also by many references to periodical literature and collected essays in Hugo P Thieme's Guide bibliographique de la litt. française de 1800 a 1906 (1907).

Simon's Ministry, 12 December 1876 - 17 May 1877

Preceded by:
Jules Dufaure		 Prime Minister of France
1876-1877		 Followed by:
Duc de Broglie
Preceded by
Charles de Rémusat		 Seat 8
Académie française
1875–1896		 Succeeded by
Albert de Mun
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