Jules Basile Guesde (November 11, 1845-July 28, 1922) was a French socialist journalist and politician. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Year 1845 ( MDCCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1540 - Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of Treason. Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution
Guesde was the inspiration for a famous quotation by Karl Marx. Shortly before Marx died in 1883, he wrote a letter to Guesde and Paul Lafargue, both of whom already claimed to represent "Marxist" principles. Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Paul Lafargue ( June 16, 1842 – November 26, 1911) was a French revolutionary Marxist socialist journalist Marx accused them of "revolutionary phrase-mongering" and of denying the value of reformist struggles. Socialist Reformism is the belief that gradual democratic changes in a Society can ultimately change a society's fundamental economic relations and political structures [1] This exchange is the source of Marx's remark, reported by Friedrich Engels: "ce qu'il y a de certain c'est que moi, je ne suis pas Marxiste” (“what is certain is that [if they are Marxists, then] I myself am not a Marxist”). Friedrich Engels (28 November 1820 – 5 August 1895 was a German social scientist and philosopher, who
Contents |
In the early movement
Born in Paris, he began his career as a clerk in the Interior Ministry, but, on the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War, he was editing Les Droits de l'Homme at Montpellier, and had to take refuge in Geneva in 1871 from a prosecution instituted on account of articles which had appeared in his paper in defence of the Paris Commune. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The Minister of the Interior (full title Ministre de l’Intérieur et de l’Aménagement du Territoire) in France is one of the most important governmental The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War ( 19 July, 1870 — 10 May, 1871 Montpellier ( Occitan Montpelhièr) is a City in the south of France. Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Paris Commune (La Commune de Paris was a Government that briefly ruled Paris from 18 March (more formally from 26 March) to 28 May In 1876, he returned to France to become one of the chief French advocates of Marxism, being imprisoned for six months in 1878 for taking part in the first Parisian International Congress. Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The Second International (1889-1916 was an organization of socialist and labour parties formed in Paris on July 14, 1889. He edited at different times Les Droits de l’Homme, Le Cri du peuple, and Le Socialiste, but his best-known organ was the weekly Égalité.
He had been in close association with Paul Lafargue, and through him with Karl Marx, whose daughter Lafargue had married. Paul Lafargue ( June 16, 1842 – November 26, 1911) was a French revolutionary Marxist socialist journalist It was in conjunction with Marx and Lafargue that he drew up the programme accepted by the National Congress of the French Workers' Party at Le Havre in 1880, which laid stress on the formation of an international labour party working by revolutionary methods. The Parti Ouvrier Français ( POF, or French Workers' Party) was the first Marxist party in France, created in 1880 by Le Havre is a city in the northwest region of France situated on the right bank of the mouth of the Seine River as it outlets into the Bay of the Seine Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year A revolution (from the Latin revolutio, "a turnaround" is a fundamental change in power or organizational structures that takes place in a relatively The following year, at the Reims Congress, the orthodox Marxian programme of Guesde was opposed by the "possibilists", who rejected the intransigeant attitude of Guesde for the reformist policy of Benoît Malon. Reims (alternative English spelling Rheims; riːmz in English and /ʁɛ̃s/ in French) is a city of the Champagne-Ardenne région of northern Socialist Reformism is the belief that gradual democratic changes in a Society can ultimately change a society's fundamental economic relations and political structures Benoît Malon - French Socialist writer Communard and political leader
Leader of the intransigents
At the Congress of Saint-Étienne, the difference developed into separation. Saint-Étienne ( Sant-Etiève in Arpitan) is a city in the central eastern part of France, 60 km (40 miles southwest of Lyon. Those who refused all compromise with a capitalist government followed Guesde, while the reformists formed several groups. Capitalism is the Economic system in which the Means of production are owned by private Persons and operated for Profit and where Guesde took his full share in the consequent discussions between the Guesdists, the Blanquists, the Possibilists, and others. Louis Auguste Blanqui (born February 8, 1805 in Puget-Théniers, France, died January 1, 1881) was a French The Possibilists was a trend in the French socialist movement led by Paul Brousse, Benoît Malon and others who brought about a split in the French Workers' Party In 1893 he was returned to the Chamber of Deputies for Lille, with a large majority over the Christian Socialist and Radical candidates. Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Chamber of deputies is the name given to a legislative body such as the Lower house of a Bicameral legislature or can refer to a Unicameral legislature Lille (lil Rijsel is a city in northern France. It is the principal city of the Lille Métropole, the fourth-largest Metropolitan area in the country Christian socialism generally refers to those on the Christian left whose politics are both Christian and Socialist and who see these two philosophies as The Radical Party ( Parti Radical, Rad also known as Parti radical valoisien) is a liberal and centrist political party in France He brought forward various proposals in social legislation forming the programme of the Workers' Party, without reference to the divisions among the Socialists, and, on November 20, 1894, succeeded in raising a two days' discussion of the collectivist principle in the Chamber. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs,
In 1902 he was not re-elected, but resumed his seat in 1906. Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting In 1903 there was a formal reconciliation at the Reims Congress of the sections of the party, which then took the name of the Socialist Party of France. All socialist tendencies were then unified in 1905 in the Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière (SFIO), the French section of the Second International. The Second International (1889-1916 was an organization of socialist and labour parties formed in Paris on July 14, 1889. Guesde, nevertheless, continued to oppose the reformist policy of Jean Jaurès, whom he denounced for supporting one "bourgeois" party against another. Jean Léon Jaurès (full name Auguste Marie Joseph Jean Léon Jaurès; 3 September 1859 31 July 1914) was a French In 1900, he had already opposed him on the question of socialist participation to "bourgeois" government [2]. His defence of the principle of freedom of association led him, incongruously enough, to support the religious Congregations against Émile Combes. Émile Combes (1835 - 1921 was a French statesman, charged in 1902 of the constitution of the Bloc des gauches 's cabinet
Later life
World War I, which threatened France's existence, had the effect of changing the uncompromising attitude of Guesde. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All In August 1914, Guesde was included in the national unity government of René Viviani as a Minister without Portfolio, and continued to serve in that role until the end of 1916. Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Jean Raphaël Adrien René Viviani (8 November 1863 7 September 1925 was a French politician of the Third Republic, who served as Prime Minister for A Minister without Portfolio is either a Government minister with no specific responsibilities or a minister that does not head a particular ministry. Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year During this period, he adopted patriotic positions and sometimes even nationalist views. The term nationalism can refer to an Ideology, a sentiment, a form of Culture, or a Social movement that focuses on the Nation
Besides his numerous political and socialist pamphlets he published in 1901 two volumes of his speeches in the Chamber of Deputies entitled Quatre ans de lutte de classe 1893-1898 (Four years of class struggle). A pamphlet is an unbound Booklet (that is without a hard cover or binding)
References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
- ^ Marxists Internet Archive, introduction to "The Programme of the Parti Ouvrier", Footnote 5. Access date: September 4, 2007.
- ^ (French) See the November 26, 1900 discourse On Two Methods, and Jaurès' answer at the same meeting
External links
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic