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Jules Ferry
Jules Ferry
In office
September 23, 1880 – November 14, 1881
Preceded by Charles de Freycinet
Succeeded by Léon Gambetta
In office
February 21, 1883 – April 6, 1885
Preceded by Armand Fallières
Succeeded by Henri Brisson
Born April 5, 1832
Died March 17, 1893
Political party None

Jules François Camille Ferry (April 5, 1832 – March 17, 1893) was a French statesman, and ardent imperialist[1]

Contents

Early life

Born in Saint-Dié, in the Vosges département, France, he studied law, and was called to the bar at Paris, but soon went into politics, contributing to various newspapers, particularly to Le Temps. The Prime Minister of France ( Premier ministre français) in Fifth Republic is the functional Head of the government and Council of Ministers Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Charles Louis de Saulces de Freycinet (14 November 1828 - 14 May 1923 was a French statesman and President of the Council during the Third Republic, part Léon Gambetta (2 April 1838 Cahors, Lot - 31 December 1882 Paris) was a French statesman prominent after the Franco-Prussian War The Prime Minister of France ( Premier ministre français) in Fifth Republic is the functional Head of the government and Council of Ministers Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Clément Armand Fallières (6 November 1841 22 June 1931 was a French Politician, president of the French republic from 1906 to 1913 Eugène Henri Brisson (31 July 1835 14 April 1912 was a French statesman Prime minister of France for a period in 1885-1886 and again in 1898 Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop Year 1832 ( MDCCCXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop Year 1832 ( MDCCCXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Saint-Dié-des-Vosges, commonly referred to as Saint-Dié, is a commune of northeastern France. Vosges (voːʒ is a French department, named after the Vosges mountain range. In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions Le Temps, ("The Time" published from April 25, 1861 to November 30, 1942, was one of Paris 's most important He attacked the Second French Empire with great violence, directing his opposition especially against Baron Haussmann, prefect of the Seine département. The Second French Empire or Second Empire was the Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III from 1852 to 1870 between the Second Georges-Eugène Haussmann ( March 27, 1809 &ndash January 11, 1891) who called himself Baron Haussmann, was a French Seine was a département of France encompassing Paris and its immediate suburbs In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division Elected republican deputy for Paris in 1869, he protested against the declaration of war with Germany, and on September 6, 1870 was appointed prefect of the Seine by the Government of National Defense. Year 1869 ( MDCCCLXIX) is a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War ( 19 July, 1870 — 10 May, 1871 Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Le Gouvernement de la Défense Nationale, or The Government of National Defence, was the first Government of the Third Republic of France from September

In this position he had the difficult task of administering Paris during the siege, and after the Paris Commune was obliged to resign (June 5, 1871). The Paris Commune (La Commune de Paris was a Government that briefly ruled Paris from 18 March (more formally from 26 March) to 28 May Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common From 1872 to 1873 he was sent by Adolphe Thiers as minister to Athens, but returned to the chamber as deputy for the Vosges, and became one of the leaders of the republican party. Louis-Adolphe fr Thiers ( Marseille, 16 April 1797&ndash3 September 1877 was a French politician and Historian. When the first republican ministry was formed under WH Waddington on February 4, 1879, he was one of its members, and continued in the ministry until March 30, 1885, except for two short interruptions (from November 10, 1881 to January 30, 1882, and from July 29, 1882 to February 21, 1883), first as minister of education and then as minister of foreign affairs. William Henry Waddington (11 December 1826 - 13 January 1894 was a French Statesman who was Prime Minister in 1879 Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons Year 1879 ( MDCCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Year 1882 ( MDCCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat Year 1882 ( MDCCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common A leader of the Opportunist Republicans faction, he was twice premier (1880-1881 and 1883-1885). The Opportunist Republicans (Républicains opportunistes was a term given to a fraction of the French Republicans who considered after the proclamation of the Third

Major works

Jules Ferry, by Nadar.
Jules Ferry, by Nadar.

Two important works are associated with his administration, the non-clerical organization of public education, and the beginning of the colonial expansion of France. France was a dominant empire in the world from the 1600s to the late 1960s possessing many colonies in various locations around the world Following the republican programme he proposed to destroy the influence of the clergy in the university and found his own system of republican schooling. He reorganized the committee of public education (law of February 27, 1880), and proposed a regulation for the conferring of university degrees, which, though rejected, aroused violent polemics because the 7th article took away from the unauthorized religious orders the right to teach. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year He finally succeeded in passing the eponym laws of June 16, 1881 and March 28, 1882, which made primary education in France free, non-clerical (laïque) and mandatory. The Jules Ferry laws are a set of French laws which established first Free education ( 1881) then mandatory and laic education ( 1882 Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate. Year 1882 ( MDCCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The French educational system is highly centralized organised and ramified Free education (or subsidized education) is Education that is provided at no cost to students Secular education is a term that refers to the system of public education in countries with a Secular government or separation between Religion and Laïcité (laisiˈte is the French concept of a Secular society, connoting the absence of religious involvement in government affairs In higher education, the number of professors, called the "hussards noirs de la République" ("Republic's black hussars") because of their Republican support, doubled under his ministry.

The education policies establishing French language as the language of the Republic have been contested in the second half of the 20th century insofar as, if they played an important role in unifying the French nation-state and the Third Republic, they also nearly provoked the extinction of several regional languages [2]. France has one Official language, the French language. The French government does not regulate the choice of language in publications by individuals but For the online game see Jennifer Government NationStates. The nation-state is a certain form of State that derives its legitimacy The French Third Republic (in French, La Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe

After the military defeat of France by Germany in 1870, Ferry formed the idea of acquiring a great colonial empire, principally for the sake of economic exploitation. Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In a speech before the Chamber of Deputies on July 28, 1883, he declared that "the superior races have a right because they have a duty: it is their duty to civilize the inferior races. " Ferry directed the negotiations which led to the establishment of a French protectorate in Tunis (1881), prepared the treaty of December 17, 1885 for the occupation of Madagascar; directed the exploration of the Congo and of the Niger region; and above all he organized the conquest of Annam and Tonkin in what became Indochina. In International law, a protectorate is a autonomous territory that is "protected" by a stronger state or entity hense the protector which engages to protect Tunis ( Arabic: تونس Tūnis) is the Capital of the Tunisian Republic and also the Tunis Events 546 - Gothic War (535–554: The Ostrogoths of King Totila Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar (older name Malagasy Republic) is an Island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern The Congo River (for a time known as the Zaire River) is the largest River in Western Central Africa. Niger ( or /ˈnaɪdʒɚ/) officially the Republic of Niger, is a Landlocked country in Western Africa, named after the Niger River. First French interventions See also France-Vietnam relations France-Vietnam relations started as early as the 17th century with the mission of the Jesuit

The last endeavor led to a war with China, whose Qing dynasty had a claim of suzerainty over the two provinces. The excitement caused at Paris by the sudden retreat of the French troops from Lang Son during this war led to the Tonkin Affair: his violent denunciation by Clemenceau and other radicals ,and his downfall on March 30, 1885). Lạng Sơn, a city in far northern Vietnam, is the capital of Lang Son Province. The Tonkin Affair (French l'affaire Tonkin) of March 1885 was a major French political crisis that erupted in the closing weeks of the Sino-French War. Georges Benjamin Clemenceau ( Mouilleron-en-Pareds ( Vendée) 28 September 1841 24 November 1929 was a French statesman physician and Journalist Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Although the treaty of peace with China (June 9, 1885), in which the Qing Dynasty ceded suzerainty of Annam and Tonkin to France, was the work of his ministry, he would never again serve as premier. The Sino-French War ( Chinese:, French: Guerre franco-chinoise, Vietnamese: Chiến tranh Pháp-Thanh) was a limited conflict fought Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Tonkin (Đông Kinh in Vietnamese) also spelled Tongkin, Tonquin or Tongking, is the northernmost part of Vietnam, south of

He still remained an influential member of the moderate republican party, and directed the opposition to General Boulanger. After the resignation of Jules Grévy (December 2, 1887), he was a candidate for the presidency of the republic, but the radicals refused to support him, and he withdrew in favour of Sadi Carnot. François Paul Jules Grévy (15 August 1807 - 9 September 1891 was a President of the French Third Republic and one of the leaders of the Opportunist Republicans Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common For the French physicist and uncle of Marie François see Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot.

The violent polemics aroused against him at this time caused a madman to attack him with a revolver, and he died from the wound, on the March 17, 1893. The chamber of deputies voted him a state funeral.

Ferry's 1st Ministry, 23 September 1880 - 14 November 1881

Ferry's 2nd Ministry, 21 February 1883 - 6 April 1885

Changes

References

  1. ^ A History of Western Society, Seventh Edition. John Buckler, Bennett D. Hill, John P. Mckay
  2. ^ 1998 report from Bernard Poignant, mayor of Quimper, to Lionel Jospin (French)

See also

References

Preceded by
Agénor Bardoux		 Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
1879–1881		 Succeeded by
Paul Bert
Preceded by
Charles de Freycinet		 Prime Minister of France
1880–1881		 Succeeded by
Léon Gambetta
Preceded by
Paul Bert		 Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
1882		 Succeeded by
Jules Duvaux
Preceded by
Armand Fallières		 Prime Minister of France
1883–1885		 Succeeded by
Henri Brisson
Preceded by
Jules Duvaux		 Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
1883		 Succeeded by
Armand Fallières
Preceded by
Paul-Armand Challemel-Lacour		 Minister of Foreign Affairs
1883–1885		 Succeeded by
Charles de Freycinet
Preceded by
Philippe Le Royer		 President of the Senate
1893		 Succeeded by
Paul-Armand Challemel-Lacour
Quimper ( Breton: Kemper, Latin: Corspotium) is a commune and capital of the Finistère department in Lionel Jospin (born 12 July 1937 is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France, during the third " cohabitation " The Opportunist Republicans (Républicains opportunistes was a term given to a fraction of the French Republicans who considered after the proclamation of the Third La vergonha ( Occitan for shame beɾˈɣuɲɔ is what some Occitans call the nefarious effects of various policies of the Government of France Agénor Bardoux ( Bourges, Cher, 15 January, 1829 &ndash Paris, 23 November, 1897) was a French The Ministry of National Education Advanced Instruction and Research (Ministre de l'Éducation nationale de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche or simply "Minister of Paul Bert ( October 17, 1833 - November 11, 1886) was a French Physiologist and Politician. Charles Louis de Saulces de Freycinet (14 November 1828 - 14 May 1923 was a French statesman and President of the Council during the Third Republic, part The Prime Minister of France ( Premier ministre français) in Fifth Republic is the functional Head of the government and Council of Ministers Léon Gambetta (2 April 1838 Cahors, Lot - 31 December 1882 Paris) was a French statesman prominent after the Franco-Prussian War Paul Bert ( October 17, 1833 - November 11, 1886) was a French Physiologist and Politician. The Ministry of National Education Advanced Instruction and Research (Ministre de l'Éducation nationale de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche or simply "Minister of Clément Armand Fallières (6 November 1841 22 June 1931 was a French Politician, president of the French republic from 1906 to 1913 The Prime Minister of France ( Premier ministre français) in Fifth Republic is the functional Head of the government and Council of Ministers Eugène Henri Brisson (31 July 1835 14 April 1912 was a French statesman Prime minister of France for a period in 1885-1886 and again in 1898 The Ministry of National Education Advanced Instruction and Research (Ministre de l'Éducation nationale de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche or simply "Minister of Clément Armand Fallières (6 November 1841 22 June 1931 was a French Politician, president of the French republic from 1906 to 1913 Paul-Armand Challemel-Lacour ( May 19, 1827 - October 26, 1896) was a French statesman The Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Government of France, is the cabinet minister responsible for the Foreign relations of France. Charles Louis de Saulces de Freycinet (14 November 1828 - 14 May 1923 was a French statesman and President of the Council during the Third Republic, part The Senate (Sénat is the Upper house of the Parliament of France, presided over by a president. Paul-Armand Challemel-Lacour ( May 19, 1827 - October 26, 1896) was a French statesman
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