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Jujutsu
(柔術 jūjutsu)

Jujutsu training at an agricultural school in Japan around 1920. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar
Also known as Jiu-Jitsu, JuJitsu, Ju-Jitsu
Focus hybrid (Grappling)
Country of origin Flag of Japan Japan
Creator Unknown; Adapted by Samurai (military caste) and civilians. For the combat sport see Mixed martial arts. Hybrid martial arts (also known as hybrid fighting systems) refer to Martial arts Grappling refers to the gripping handling and controlling of an opponent without the use of striking, typically through the application of various Grappling holds For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. is the term for the military nobility of Pre-industrial Japan. Castes are Hereditary systems of occupation, Endogamy, social culture, Social class, and Political power.
Parenthood Historic
Olympic Sport No

Jujutsu (柔術 jūjutsu?) listen (help·info), literally meaning the "art of softness", is a Japanese martial art consisting of grappling and striking techniques. &mdash meaning technique method skill or trick &mdash is a Bound morpheme of the Sino-Japanese lexical Japanese martial arts refers to the enormous variety of Martial arts native to Japan. Jujutsu evolved among the samurai of feudal Japan as a method for dispatching an armed and armored opponent in situations where the use of weapons was impractical or forbidden. is the term for the military nobility of Pre-industrial Japan. Due to the difficulty of dispatching an armored opponent with striking techniques, the most efficient methods for neutralizing an enemy took the form of pins, joint locks, and throws. These techniques were developed around the principle of using an attacker's energy against him, rather than directly opposing it, and came to be known as jujutsu. [1]

There are many variations of the art, which leads to a diversity of approaches. Jujutsu schools (ryū) may utilize all forms of grappling techniques to some degree (i. e. throwing, trapping, joint locking, holds, gouging, biting, disengagements, striking, and kicking). A throw (in Japanese martial arts referred to as nage-waza, 投げ技 "throwing technique" is a Martial arts term for a Grappling A joint lock is a Grappling technique involving manipulation of an opponent's Joints in such a way that the joints reach their maximal degree of motion A strike is an attack with an inanimate object such as a Weapon, or with a part of the human body intended to cause an effect upon an opponent or to simply cause harm to In Martial arts, Combat sports or Violence, a kick is a strike using the Foot, leg, or Knee (also known as a knee In addition to jujutsu, many schools taught the use of weapons. A weapon is a Tool used either in Hunting, or attack or defence in Combat for the purpose of subduing enemy personnel or to destroy enemy weapons

Today, jujutsu is still practiced both as it was hundreds of years ago, but also in modified forms for sport practice. Derived sports forms include the Olympic sport and martial art of judo, which was developed from several traditional styles of jujutsu by Kano Jigoro in the late 19th century; and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, which was in turn derived from judo. The Olympic sports comprise all the Sports contested in the Summer and Winter Olympic Games. Martial arts are systems of codified practices and traditions of training for Combat. meaning "gentle way" is a modern Japanese martial art ( Gendai budō) and Combat sport, that originated in Japan in the late was the founder of Judo. Judo was the first Japanese martial art to gain widespread international recognition and the first to become an official Olympic sport Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu ( BJJ) is a Martial art and Combat sport that focuses on Grappling and especially Ground fighting with the goal

Contents

History

Origins

Jujutsu was first developed by Samurai. Fighting forms have existed in Japan for centuries. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The first references to unarmed combat arts or systems is in the earliest purported historical records of Japan, the Kojiki (Record of Ancient Matters) and the Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan), which relate the mythological creation of the country and the establishment of the imperial family. The, sometimes translated as The Chronicles of Japan, is the second oldest book of classical Japanese history. A founding myth (Greek aition) is the etiological myth that explains the origins of a Ritual or the founding of a city group belief philosophy discipline Other glimpses can be found in the older records and pictures depicting sumai (or sumo) no sechie, a rite of the Imperial Court in Nara and Kyoto performed for purposes of divination and to help ensure a bountiful harvest. is a competitive Contact sport where two Wrestlers ( rikishi) attempt to force one another out of a circular ring ( Dohyo) or to touch the ground is the capital city of Nara Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan. (IPA /kʲoːto / is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan.

There is a famous story of a warrior Nomi no Sekuni of Izumo who defeated and killed Tajima no Kehaya in Shimane prefecture while in the presence of Emperor Suinin. WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region on Honshū was the eleventh Emperor of Japan to appear on the traditional list of emperors. Descriptions of the techniques used during this encounter include striking, throwing, restraining and weaponry.

The term "jūjutsu" was not coined until the 17th century, after which time it became a blanket term for a wide variety of grappling-related disciplines. Prior to that time, these skills had names such as "short sword grappling" (小具足腰之周 kogusoku koshi no mawari?), "grappling" (組討 or 組打 kumiuchi?), "body art" (体術 taijutsu?), "softness" (柔 or 和 yawara?), "art of harmony" (和術 wajutsu?), "catching hand" (捕手 torite?), and even the "way of softness" (柔道 jūdō?) (as early as 1724, almost two centuries before Kano Jigoro founded the modern art of Kodokan Judo). was the founder of Judo. Judo was the first Japanese martial art to gain widespread international recognition and the first to become an official Olympic sport meaning "gentle way" is a modern Japanese martial art ( Gendai budō) and Combat sport, that originated in Japan in the late [2]

These systems of unarmed combat began to be known as Nihon koryu jūjutsu (Japanese old-style jujutsu), among other related terms, during the Muromachi period (1333-1573), according to densho (transmission scrolls) of the various ryuha (martial traditions) and historical records. The Muromachi period ( Japanese: 室町時代 Muromachi-jidai, also known as the Muromachi era, the Muromachi bakufu, the Ashikaga era A Ryū (流 literally "flow" with the derived meaning of "mainstream" or ryūha (流派 literally "mainstream school (of thought" Most of these were battlefield systems to be used with the more common and vital weapon systems. These fighting arts had various names, including kogusoku, yawara, kumiuchi, and hakuda, all under the general description of Sengoku jūjutsu. They were not systems of unarmed combat, but means for an unarmed or lightly armed warrior to fight a heavily armed and armored enemy on the battlefield. Ideally, the samurai would be armed and would not need to rely on them.

Methods of combat (as just mentioned above) included striking (kicking and punching), throwing (body throws, joint-lock throws, unbalance throws), restraining (pinning, strangulating, grappling, wrestling) and weaponry. Defensive tactics included blocking, evading, off-balancing, blending and escaping. Minor weapons such as the tanto (dagger), ryufundo kusari (weighted chain), kabuto wari (helmet smasher), and kakushi buki (secret or disguised weapons) were almost always included in Sengoku jujutsu.

Development

In later times, other koryu developed into systems more familiar to the practitioners of Nihon jujutsu commonly seen today. is a Japanese word that is used in association with the ancient Japanese martial arts. These are correctly classified as Edo jūjutsu (founded during the edo period): they are generally designed to deal with opponents neither wearing armor nor in a battlefield environment. The, also referred to as the Tokugawa period (徳川時代 Tokugawa-jidai) is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868 Most systems of Edo jujutsu include extensive use of atemi waza (vital-striking technique), which would be of little use against an armored opponent on a battlefield. They would, however, be quite valuable in confronting an enemy or opponent during peacetime dressed in normal street attire (referred to as "suhada bujutsu"). Occasionally, inconspicuous weapons such as tantō (daggers) or tessen (iron fans) were included in the curriculum of Edo jūjutsu. A is a common Japanese single or occasionally double edged Knife or Dagger with a blade length between 15 and 30 cm (6-12 inches A number of war fans were used in Japanese feudal warfare of varying size and material for different purposes

Another seldom-seen historical side is a series of techniques originally included in both Sengoku and Edo jujutsu systems. Referred to as hojo waza (捕縄術 hojojutsu, nawa jutsu, hayanawa and others), it involves the use of a hojo cord, (sometimes the sageo or tasuke) to restrain or strangle an attacker. Hojōjutsu (捕縄術 or Nawajutsu (縄術 is the traditional Japanese martial art of restraining a person using cord or rope These techniques have for the most part faded from use in modern times, but Tokyo police units still train in their use and continue to carry a hojo cord in addition to handcuffs. The very old Takenouchi-ryu is one of the better-recognized systems that continue extensive training in hojo waza. is one of the oldest Jujutsu Koryū in Japan. It was founded in 1532 the first year of Tenbun on the twenty-fourth of the sixth lunar month by Takenouchi Since the establishment of the Meiji period with the abolishment of the Samurai and the wearing of swords, the ancient tradition of Yagyu Shingan Ryu (Sendai & Edo lines) has focused much towards the jujutsu (Yawara) contained in its syllabus.

Many other legitimate Nihon jujutsu ryu exist but are not considered koryu (ancient traditions). These are called either Gendai jūjutsu or modern jujutsu. Modern jujutsu traditions were founded after or towards the end of the Tokugawa period (1868), when more than 2000 schools (ryu) of jūjutsu existed. The, also referred to as the Tokugawa period (徳川時代 Tokugawa-jidai) is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868 Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Various traditional ryu and ryuha that are commonly thought of as koryu jujutsu are actually gendai jūjutsu. meaning "modern martial way" is a Japanese expression that is used to define the modern Japanese martial arts. Although modern in formation, very few gendai jujutsu systems have direct historical links to ancient traditions and are incorrectly referred to as traditional martial systems or ryu. Their curriculum reflects an obvious bias towards Edo jūjutsu systems as opposed to the Sengoku jūjutsu systems. The improbability of confronting an armor-clad attacker is the reason for this bias.

Over time, Gendai jujutsu has been embraced by law enforcement officials worldwide and continues to be the foundation for many specialized systems used by police. Perhaps the most famous of these specialized police systems is the Keisatsujutsu (police art) Taiho jutsu (arresting art) system formulated and employed by the Tokyo Police Department. Japan's police are an apolitical body under the general supervision of an independent agency the National Police Agency, and free of direct central government executive

If a Japanese based martial system is formulated in modern times (post Tokugawa) but is only partially influenced by traditional Nihon jujutsu, it may be correctly referred to as goshin (self defense) jujutsu. Goshin jujutsu is usually formulated outside Japan and may include influences from other martial traditions. Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, which was developed from judo, but with greater emphasis on ground grappling (ne waza), is an excellent example of Goshin Jujutsu. Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu ( BJJ) is a Martial art and Combat sport that focuses on Grappling and especially Ground fighting with the goal meaning "gentle way" is a modern Japanese martial art ( Gendai budō) and Combat sport, that originated in Japan in the late Grappling refers to the gripping handling and controlling of an opponent without the use of striking, typically through the application of various Grappling holds

Jujutsu techniques have been the basis for many military unarmed combat techniques (including British/US/Russian special forces and SO1 police units) for many years.

There are many forms of sport jujutsu, the original and most popular being judo, now an Olympic sport. One of the most common is mixed-style competitions, where competitors apply a variety of strikes, throws, and holds to score points. There are also kata competitions, where competitors of the same style perform techniques and are judged on their performance. For other uses see Kata (disambiguation. is a Japanese word describing detailed choreographed patterns of movements practiced either solo or There are also freestyle competitions, where competitors take turns attacking each other, and the defender is judged on performance.

Description

Japanese jujutsu systems typically place more emphasis on throwing, immobilizing and pinning, joint-locking, choking, and strangling techniques (as compared with other martial arts systems such as karate). A throw (in Japanese martial arts referred to as nage-waza, 投げ技 "throwing technique" is a Martial arts term for a Grappling A joint lock is a Grappling technique involving manipulation of an opponent's Joints in such a way that the joints reach their maximal degree of motion A chokehold or stranglehold (in Budo referred to as shime-waza, 絞技 "constriction technique" is a Grappling hold that Martial arts are systems of codified practices and traditions of training for Combat. ( or is a martial art developed in the Ryukyu Islands from indigenous fighting methods and Chinese Kenpō. Atemi-waza (striking techniques) were seen as less important in most older Japanese systems, since samurai body armor protected against many striking techniques. In Japanese martial arts, the term designates blows to the body as opposed to twisting of joints, strangleholds, holding techniques and throws. A strike is an attack with an inanimate object such as a Weapon, or with a part of the human body intended to cause an effect upon an opponent or to simply cause harm to Japanese martial arts refers to the enormous variety of Martial arts native to Japan. is the term for the military nobility of Pre-industrial Japan. The Chinese quanfa/ch'uan-fa (kenpo or kung fu) systems focus on punching, striking, and kicking more than jujutsu. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Kung fu and wushu are popular terms that have become synonymous with Chinese Martial arts. is the name of several Martial arts. The word kenpō is a Japanese translation of the Chinese word " quánfǎ. Kung fu and wushu are popular terms that have become synonymous with Chinese Martial arts. In the context of Unarmed combat or Melee, a punch is "a thrusting blow esp In Martial arts, Combat sports or Violence, a kick is a strike using the Foot, leg, or Knee (also known as a knee

The Japanese systems of hakuda, kenpo, and shubaku display some degree of Chinese influence in their emphasis on atemi-waza. In comparison, systems that derive more directly from Japanese sources show less preference for such techniques. However, a few jujutsu schools likely have some Chinese influence in their development. Jujutsu ryu vary widely in their techniques, and many do include significant numbers of striking techniques, if only as set-ups for their grappling techniques. Grappling refers to the gripping handling and controlling of an opponent without the use of striking, typically through the application of various Grappling holds

In jujutsu, practitioners train in the use of many potentially fatal moves. However, because students mostly train in a non-competitive environment, risk is minimized. Students are taught break falling skills to allow them to safely practice otherwise dangerous throws. In Japanese martial arts the (ɯkɛ is the person who "receives" a technique A throw (in Japanese martial arts referred to as nage-waza, 投げ技 "throwing technique" is a Martial arts term for a Grappling

In jujutsu, there are five main sectors ("arts") of training. The first, the Art of Blocking, is used to defend against attacks. The second, the Art of the Fulcrum Throw, is employed in modern judo. meaning "gentle way" is a modern Japanese martial art ( Gendai budō) and Combat sport, that originated in Japan in the late The third, the Art of the Non-fulcrum Throw is employed through throws that involve little or no contact with the opponent. The fourth, the Art of Escaping (Hakko-Dori), is very crucial in many styles of Jujutsu. The fifth, the Art of Striking (Atemi-Waza), is used more by modern jujutsuka who do not employ body armor.

Technical characteristics

Although there is some diversity in the actual look and techniques of the various traditional jujutsu systems, there are significant technical similarities common to all schools:

Schools and derivatives

Because jujutsu contains so many facets, it has become the foundation for a variety of styles and derivations today. As each instructor incorporated new techniques and tactics into what was taught to him originally, he could codify and create his own ryu (school). A Ryū (流 literally "flow" with the derived meaning of "mainstream" or ryūha (流派 literally "mainstream school (of thought" Some of these schools modified the source material so much that they no longer considered themselves a style of jujutsu.

Old schools

Circa 1600 AD there were over 2000 ryu of jujutsu in Japan and there were common features that characterized most of them. The technical characteristics varied from school to school. Many of the generalizations noted above do not hold true for some schools of jujutsu. Old schools of Japanese jujutsu include:

Derivatives and influences

Some examples of martial arts that have developed from or have been influenced by jujutsu are: Aikido, Bartitsu, Hapkido, Judo (and thence Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and Sambo), Kajukenbo, Kapap, and Kenpo – as well as some styles of Japanese Karate. is a Japanese Koryū Martial art founded in the early 1570s by. originally called, is a Japanese martial art that first became widely known in the early 20th century under the Headmastership of Takeda Sokaku is a traditional ( Koryū) school of Japanese martial arts founded c or, is a Japanese martial art founded in the mid-17th century notable for its Kenjutsu, Iaijutsu, and Jujutsu, including the art of Kyusho-jitsu is a traditional Japanese martial art founded in 1650 that focuses on Kumi Uchi ( Jujutsu) and Koshi no Mawari ( Iaijutsu and Kenjutsu) is one of the oldest Jujutsu Koryū in Japan. It was founded in 1532 the first year of Tenbun on the twenty-fourth of the sixth lunar month by Takenouchi is a traditional school ( Koryū) of Japanese martial arts founded in the early 16th century by Tatsumi Sankyo literally meaning "Divine True Willow School" can be classified as a traditional school ( Koryū) of Jujutsu. is a traditional school ( Koryū) of Heiho Japanese martial arts. ("The School of the Willow Heart" is a common name for one of several different martial traditions founded in Japan in the Edo Period. is a Japanese martial art developed by Morihei Ueshiba as a synthesis of his martial studies philosophy and religious beliefs Bartitsu is an eclectic Martial art and Self-defense method originally developed in England during the years 1898-1902 Hapkido (also spelled hap ki do or hapki-do) is a dynamic and eclectic Korean martial art. meaning "gentle way" is a modern Japanese martial art ( Gendai budō) and Combat sport, that originated in Japan in the late Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu ( BJJ) is a Martial art and Combat sport that focuses on Grappling and especially Ground fighting with the goal Sambo (самбо—also called Sombo or Cambo and sometimes written in all-caps is a modern Martial art, combat sport and Self-defense Kajukenbo is a hybrid martial art that combines Karate, Judo, Jujutsu, Kenpo, Kung fu and Boxing. Kapap (קפא"פ קפ"פ short for Krav Panim el Panim translated as "face to face combat" is a combat system of defensive tactics Hand-to-hand is the name of several Martial arts. The word kenpō is a Japanese translation of the Chinese word " quánfǎ. ( or is a martial art developed in the Ryukyu Islands from indigenous fighting methods and Chinese Kenpō.

Some schools went on to diverge into present day Karate and Aiki styles. The last Japanese divergence occurred in 1905 when a number of jujutsu schools joined the Kodokan. is the headquarters of the Judo world Literally kō means "to lecture" or "to spread information" dō means "the way" and The syllabi of those schools was unified under Kano Jigoro to form Judo. was the founder of Judo. Judo was the first Japanese martial art to gain widespread international recognition and the first to become an official Olympic sport meaning "gentle way" is a modern Japanese martial art ( Gendai budō) and Combat sport, that originated in Japan in the late

Bartitsu

Jujutsu was first introduced to Europe in 1899 by Edward William Barton-Wright, who had studied Tenjin Shinyō-ryū and Shinden Fudo Ryu in Yokohama and Kobe, respectively. Edward William Barton-Wright CE, MJS (member of the Japan Society (1860-1951 was a British Entrepreneur specialising in both literally meaning "Divine True Willow School" can be classified as a traditional school ( Koryū) of Jujutsu. Shinden Fudo Ryu is a school of Dakentaijutsu and Jutaijutsu / Jujutsu. is the capital of Kanagawa Prefecture, located in the Kantō region of the main island of Honshū and is a major commercial hub of the Greater Tokyo Area is the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture and a prominent port city in Japan with a population of about 1 He had also trained briefly at the Kodokan in Tokyo. is the headquarters of the Judo world Literally kō means "to lecture" or "to spread information" dō means "the way" and officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. Upon returning to England he folded the basics of all of these styles, as well as boxing, savate and French stick fighting, into an eclectic self-defence system called Bartitsu. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Boxing (sometimes also known as English boxing or pugilism) is a Combat sport in which two participants generally of similar weight, Savate (pronounced savat also known as boxe française, French boxing, French Kickboxing or French Footfighting Stick fighting is a generic term for Martial arts which utilize simple long slender blunt hand-held generally wooden 'sticks' for fighting such as a staff cane walking stick Bartitsu is an eclectic Martial art and Self-defense method originally developed in England during the years 1898-1902

Judo

Modern judo is the classic example of a 'sport' that derived from jujutsu and became distinct. Another layer removed, some popular arts had instructors who studied one of these jujutsu derivatives and later made their own derivative succeed in competition. This created an extensive family of martial arts and sports that can trace their lineage to jujutsu in some part.

The way an opponent is dealt with also depends on the teacher's philosophy with regard to combat. This translates also in different styles or schools of jujutsu. Because in jujutsu every conceivable technique (including biting, hair-pulling, eye-gouging, etcetera) is allowed (unlike, for instance, judo, which does not place emphasis on punching or kicking tactics, or karate, which does not heavily emphasize grappling and throwing), practitioners have an unlimited choice of techniques.

Not all jujutsu was used in sporting contests, but the practical use in the samurai world ended circa 1890. Techniques like hair-pulling and eye poking were and are not considered conventionally acceptable to use in sport, thus they are not included in judo competitions or randori. is a term used in Japanese martial arts to describe free-style practice or sparring sometimes with multiple attackers Judo did, however, preserve the more lethal, dangerous techniques in its kata. For other uses see Kata (disambiguation. is a Japanese word describing detailed choreographed patterns of movements practiced either solo or The kata were intended to be practiced by students of all grades, but now are mostly practiced formally as complete set-routines for performance, kata competition, and grading, rather than as individual self-defense techniques in class. However, judo retained the full set of choking and strangling techniques for its sporting form, and all manner of elbow locks. Even judo's pinning techniques have pain-generating, spine-and-rib-squeezing and smothering aspects. A submission induced by a legal pin is considered a fully legitimate way to win. Kano viewed the safe sport-fighting aspect of judo as an important part of learning how to actually control an opponent's body in a real fight. Kano always considered judo to be a form of, and a development of, jujutsu.

A judo technique starts with gripping your opponent followed by off-balancing the opponent, fitting into the space created, and then applying the technique. In contrast, kuzushi (the art of breaking balance) is attained in jujutsu by blocking and then parrying or deflecting an opponent's attack in order to create the space required to apply a throwing technique. is a Japanese term for unbalancing an opponent in the Martial arts. In both systems, kuzushi is essential in order to use as little energy as possible during a fight. Jujutsu differs from judo in a number of ways. In some circumstances, jutsuka generate kuzushi by striking one's opponent along his weak line. Other methods of generating kuzushi include grabbing, twisting, or poking areas of the body known as atemi points or pressure points (see kyusho-jitsu) (areas of the body where nerves are close to the skin). In Japanese martial arts, the term designates blows to the body as opposed to twisting of joints, strangleholds, holding techniques and throws. meaning "vital point art" is a term used in Japanese martial arts which may refer to any of various systems for attacking vulnerable areas weak points Pressure

Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu

Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) was developed after Mitsuyo Maeda brought judo to Brazil in 1914. Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu ( BJJ) is a Martial art and Combat sport that focuses on Grappling and especially Ground fighting with the goal a Brazilian naturalized as Otávio Mitsuyo Maeda,was a Japanese judōka and prizefighter in no holds barred competitions |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld At the time, judo was still often commonly referred to as "Jiu-Jitsu", which explains why this derivative of judo is called Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu rather than Brazilian Judo. [3] BJJ dominated the first large modern mixed martial arts competitions, causing the emerging field to adopt many of its practices. Mixed martial arts (MMA is a full contact Combat sport that allows a wide variety of fighting techniques from a mixture of Martial arts traditions and

Modern schools

A Japanese-based martial system formulated in modern times (post Tokugawa) that is only partially influenced by traditional Nihon jujutsu, is correctly referred to as goshin (self defense) jujutsu. Goshin jujutsu is usually formulated outside Japan and may include influences from other martial traditions. Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, although derived originally from Kodokan Judo, has evolved independently for many years, and could be considered an example of Goshin Jutsu. Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu ( BJJ) is a Martial art and Combat sport that focuses on Grappling and especially Ground fighting with the goal

After the transplantation of traditional Japanese jujutsu to the West, many of these more traditional styles underwent a process of adaptation at the hands of Western practitioners, molding the art of jujutsu to suit western culture in its myriad varieties. There are today many distinctly westernized styles of jujutsu, that stick to their Japanese roots to varying degrees.

There are a number of relatively new martial systems identifying themselves as jujutsu.

Some of the largest post-reformation (founded post 1905) jujutsu schools include (but are certainly not limited to these in that there are hundreds (possibly thousands), of new branches of "jujutsu"):

Sport jujutsu

Sport jujutsu is an official sport of the World Games and comes in two main variants: Duo (self-defense demonstration) where both the tori (attacker) and the uke (defender) come from the same team and demonstrate self defense techniques, and Fighting System (freefighting) where competitors combine striking, grappling and submissions under rules which emphasise safety. Danzan-Ryū ( 檀[[wiktionary 山|山]] 流, "Sandalwood Mountain School" from a Chinese name for Hawaii) is a Ryū of German Ju-Jutsu is a Martial art related to Japanese Jujutsu, developed in Germany using techniques from various traditional and modern martial Goshin Jujutsu (自衛柔術 is a modern self-defence-oriented style of Jujutsu. Hakkō-ryū ( or Hakkō-ryū Jujutsu ( is a school or 'style' of Jujutsu related to Daito-ryu founded in 1941 by Okuyama Ryuho (1901-1987 Hakko Denshin Ryu Jujutsu ( HDR HDRJJ is a school of Jujutsu descended from and based on Hakko Ryu. Kokondo Karate and its sister style Jukido Jujitsu are Japanese-based Martial arts developed by Paul Arel Ketsugo Jujutsu is a modern American school of Jujutsu (also known as Gendai Jujutsu) founded in 1955 by Harold Brosius, a former navy Frogman literally meaning "Sparring Style" is more often called "The School of Survival Sanuces Ryu is a school of American Jujutsu founded in 1959 in Brooklyn,New York by the late Moses Powell. Jitsu redirects here For the Masters of the Universe character see Jitsu (Masters of the Universe. Small Circle JuJitsu is a style of Jujutsu developed by Wally Jay that focuses on smooth transitions The World Ju Jitsu Federation (WJJF is a Martial arts organisation based in Liverpool, England. This article is about the real-life event. There is also the World Games computer game. is a term used in Japanese martial arts to refer to the executor of a technique in partnered practice In Japanese martial arts the (ɯkɛ is the person who "receives" a technique Many of the potentially dangerous techniques such as scissor takedowns, necklocks and digital choking and locking are prohibited in Sport Jujutsu. There are a number of other styles of sport jujutsu with varying rules. [1][2][3]

Etymology

Jujutsu, the current standard spelling, is derived using the Hepburn romanization system. The is named after James Curtis Hepburn, who used it to transcribe the sounds of the Japanese language into the Latin alphabet in the third edition of his Japanese–English Before the first half of the 20th century, however, jiu-jitsu and then jujitsu were preferred, even though the romanization of the second kanji as jitsu is unfaithful to the standard Japanese pronunciation. are the Chinese characters that are used in the modern Japanese logographic writing system along with Hiragana (ひらがな 平仮名 Katakana Since Japanese martial arts first became widely known of in the West in that time period, these earlier spellings are still common in many places. Ju-Jitsu is still the standard spelling in France, Canada and the United States. The martial art is known as Jiu-Jitsu in Germany and Brazil.

Some define jujutsu and similar arts rather narrowly as "unarmed" close combat systems used to defeat or control an enemy who is similarly unarmed. Basic methods of attack include hitting or striking, thrusting or punching, kicking, throwing, pinning or immobilizing, strangling, and joint-locking. Great pains were also taken by the bushi (classic warriors) to develop effective methods of defense, including parrying or blocking strikes, thrusts and kicks, receiving throws or joint-locking techniques (i. is the term for the military nobility of Pre-industrial Japan. e. , falling safely and knowing how to "blend" to neutralize a technique's effect), releasing oneself from an enemy's grasp, and changing or shifting one's position to evade or neutralize an attack. As jujutsu is a collective term, some schools or ryu adopted the principle of ju more than others. Hard and soft in Martial arts refer to the way techniques deal with the Force of an attack

From a broader point of view, based on the curricula of many of the classical Japanese arts themselves, however, these arts may perhaps be more accurately defined as unarmed methods of dealing with an enemy who was armed, together with methods of using minor weapons such as the jutte (truncheon; also called jitte), tanto (knife), or kakushi buki (hidden weapons), such as the ryofundo kusari (weighted chain) or the bankokuchoki (a type of knuckle-duster), to defeat both armed or unarmed opponents. The Manrikigusari (万力鎖 or Kusarifundo is a traditional Japanese Chain weapon with two steel-weights on the ends designed to strike ensnare or trap The Tekkō (鉄　tetsu "iron" 甲　kō "back of hand" which originated in Okinawa, Japan.

Furthermore, the term jujutsu was also sometimes used to refer to tactics for infighting used with the warrior's major weapons: katana or tachi (sword), yari (spear), naginata (glaive), and jo (short staff), bo (quarterstaff). The is a Japanese sword, often said to be more curved and slightly longer than the Katana. Yari (槍 is the Japanese term for Spear, or more specifically the straight-headed spear Naginata (なぎなた 薙刀 is a Pole weapon that was traditionally used in Japan by members of the Samurai class A is an approximately 1276 m (418 foot) long Wooden staff, used in some Japanese martial arts. bō (棒 ぼう or kon, is a long staff, usually made of tapered hard wood for example white oak Bamboo and in some cases for training purposes These close combat methods were an important part of the different martial systems that were developed for use on the battlefield. They can be generally characterized as either Sengoku Jidai (Sengoku Period, 1467- 1603) katchu bujutsu or yoroi kumiuchi (fighting with weapons or grappling while clad in armor), or Edo Jidai (Edo Period, 1603- 1867) suhada bujutsu (fighting while dressed in the normal street clothing of the period, kimono and hakama). literally bay - Door, " Estuary " edo once also spelled Yedo or Yeddo, is the The is the National costume of Japan. Originally the word "kimono" literally meant thing to wear ( ki wearing and mono thing but now has come Hakama (袴 are a type of traditional Japanese clothing. They were originally worn only by men but today they are worn by both men and women

The Chinese character 柔 (Mandarin: róu; Japanese: jū; Korean: yū) is the same as the first one in 柔道 (Mandarin: róudào; Japanese: judo; Korean: Yudo). is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities This article is mainly about the spoken Korean language See Hangul for details on the native Korean writing system Yudo may refer to Judo Yudo Tibet The Chinese character 術 (Mandarin: shù; Japanese: jutsu; Korean: sul) is the same as the second one in 武術 (Mandarin: wǔshù; Japanese: bujutsu; Korean: musul)

Heritage and philosophy

All Japanese jujutsu schools have cultural indicators that help give a sense of the traditional character of the school. This article is specifically about the word "Wushu" For the modern exhibition sport see Wushu (sport.

Japanese culture and religion have become intertwined into the martial arts. Buddhism, Shinto, Taoism and Confucian philosophy co-exist in Japan, and people generally mix and match to suit. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices is the native religion of Japan and was once its State religion. Taoism (pronounced /ˈdaʊɪzəm/ or /ˈtaʊɪzəm/ also spelled '''Daoism''') refers to a variety of related Philosophical and Religious traditions Confucianism ( is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system originally developed from the teachings of the fifth century B This reflects the variety of outlook one finds in the different schools.

Jujutsu expresses the philosophy of yielding to an opponent's force rather than trying to oppose force with force. Manipulating an opponent's attack using his force and direction allows jujutsuka to control the balance of their opponent and hence prevent the opponent from resisting the counter attack.

The Japanese have characterised states of mind that a warrior should be able to adopt in combat to facilitate victory. These include: an all-encompassing awareness, zanshin (literally "remaining spirit"), in which the practitioner is ready for anything, at any time; the spontaneity of mushin (literally "no mind") which allows immediate action without conscious thought; and a state of equanimity or imperturbability known as fudoshin (literally "immovable mind"). Zanshin (残心 is a term used in the Japanese martial arts. It refers to a state of awareness – of relaxed alertness Mushin (無心 Chinese Wu-hsin English translation "no-mindedness" is a mental state into which very highly trained Martial artists are said to enter during Fudōshin (不動心 is a state of Equanimity or imperturbability (literally and metaphorically "immovable heart" or "unmoving heart" – a philosophical/mental

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ Skoss, Meik (1995). Jujutsu is known for its joint locks restraining and self-defense techniques "Jujutsu and Taijutsu". Aikido Journal 103.  
  2. ^ Mol, Serge (2001). Classical Fighting Arts of Japan: A Complete Guide to Koryū Jūjutsu. Tokyo, Japan: Kodansha International Ltd. , 24-54. ISBN 4-7700-2619-6.  
  3. ^ How Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu got its name - Wikipedia

External links

Dictionary

jujutsu

-noun

  1. Alternative spelling of jujitsu.
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