For the chewy candy, see Jujube (confectionery). "Jujubes" redirects here For the Chinese Date plant see Jujube.

Ziziphus zizyphus
Ziziphus zizyphus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Rosales Family: Rhamnaceae Genus: Ziziphus Species: Z. Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Magnoliopsida is the Botanical name for a class of Flowering plants By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its For other meanings see Rosales (disambiguation. Rosales is an order of Flowering plants including nine families Rhamnaceae, the Buckthorn family is a large family of flowering Plants mostly trees Shrubs and some vines Ziziphus is a genus of about 40 species of spiny Shrubs and small Trees in the buckthorn family Rhamnaceae, distributed in the warm-temperate zizyphus
Binomial name
Ziziphus zizyphus (L.) H.Karst.

The Ziziphus jujuba which written in Monbusho chant lyrics. Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for Gustav Karl Wilhelm Hermann Karsten (1817 - 1908 was a German Botanist and Geologist. Ziziphus zizyphus (from Greek ζίζυφον - zizuphon, syn Z The, also known as MEXT or Monkashō, is one of the ministries of the Japanese government.
It is located in General Nogi's mansion now. A mansion is a large dwelling House. The word itself derives (through Old French) from the Latin word mansus (the perfect passive participle

Ziziphus zizyphus (from Greek ζίζυφον - zizuphon^[1], syn. Z. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly This article deals with the general meaning of the term "synonym" jujuba, Rhamnus zizyphus), commonly called Jujube, Red Date (紅棗), or Chinese Date, is a species of Ziziphus in the buckthorn family Rhamnaceae, used primarily for its fruits. Ziziphus is a genus of about 40 species of spiny Shrubs and small Trees in the buckthorn family Rhamnaceae, distributed in the warm-temperate In Biological classification, family ( Latin Rhamnaceae, the Buckthorn family is a large family of flowering Plants mostly trees Shrubs and some vines

Its precise natural distribution is uncertain due to extensive cultivation, but is thought to be in southern Asia, between Syria, northern India, and southern and central China, and possibly also southeastern Europe though more likely introduced there. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National ^[2]

It is a small deciduous tree or shrub reaching a height of 5-10 m, usually with thorny branches. Botany Autumn leaf color. See --> In Botany and Horticulture, deciduous Plants, including A tree is a perennial Woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or A shrub or Bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of Woody plant, distinguished from a Tree The leaves are shiny-green, ovate-acute, 2-7 cm long and 1-3 cm broad, with three conspicuous veins at the base, and a finely toothed margin. In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. The flowers are small, 5 mm diameter, with five inconspicuous yellowish-green petals. A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also The fruit is an edible oval drupe 1. The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology. In Botany, a drupe is a Fruit in which an outer fleshy part ( Exocarp, or skin and Mesocarp, or flesh surrounds a shell (the pit 5-3 cm long; when immature it is smooth-green, with the consistency and taste of an apple, maturing dark red to purplish-black and eventually wrinkled, looking like a small date. The apple is the pomaceous Fruit of the apple tree Species Malus domestica in the Rose family Rosaceae. The Date Palm ( Phoenix dactylifera) is a palm in the genus Phoenix, extensively cultivated for its edible Fruit. There is a single hard stone, similar to an orange or a tv olive stone. The Olive ( Olea europaea) is a Species of small Tree in the family Oleaceae, native to the coastal areas of the eastern ^[2]

Nomenclature

The species has a curious nomenclatural history, due to a combination of botanical naming regulations, and variations in spelling. The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature ( ICBN) is the set of rules and recommendations dealing with the formal Botanical names that are given to It was first described scientifically by Carolus Linnaeus as Rhamnus zizyphus, in Species Plantarum in 1753. Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for Species Plantarum ("The Species of Plants" was first published in 1753, as a two-volume work by Carl Linnaeus. Later, in 1768, Philip Miller concluded it was sufficiently distinct from Rhamnus to merit separation into a new genus, in which he named it Ziziphus jujube, using Linnaeus' species name for the genus but with a probably accidental single letter spelling difference, 'i' for 'y'; for the species name he used a different name, as tautonyms (repetition of exactly the same name in the genus and species) are not permitted in botanical naming. Philip Miller ( 1691 - 18 December 1771) was a botanist of Scottish descent For the genus of plants called Rhamnus see Buckthorn. Rhamnus (Greek Ραμνоυς — Ramnous is an archaeological site in Greece A tautonym is a binomial Scientific name in which the name of the genus and that of the species (referred to as the specific epithet in the International Code However, because of Miller's slightly different spelling, the combination correctly using the earliest species name (from Linnaeus) with the new genus, Ziziphus zizyphus, is not a tautonym, and therefore permitted as a botanical name; this combination was made by Hermann Karsten in 1882. Gustav Karl Wilhelm Hermann Karsten (1817 - 1908 was a German Botanist and Geologist. ^[3][2]

Cultivation and uses

The Jujube has been cultivated for over 4,000 years for its edible fruit, and over 400 cultivars have been selected. A cultivar is a cultivated Plant that has been selected and given a unique name because of its decorative or useful characteristics it is usually distinct from similar

The tree tolerates a wide range of temperatures and rainfall, though it requires hot summers and sufficient water for acceptable fruiting. Unlike most of the other species in the genus, it tolerates fairly cold winters, surviving temperatures down to about -15°C. This enables the jujube to grow in desert habitats, provided there is access to underground water through the summer. Virtually no temperature seems to be too high in summertime.

Many jujube trees can still be seen in the central and southern regions of Israel, especially in the Arava Valley, where it is the second most common tree. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The Arabah (הָעֲרָבָה Tiberian: HāʻĂrāḇā وادي عربة Wādī ʻAraba) is a section of the Great A jujube tree near Ein Hatzeva in the Arava is estimated to be over 300 years old.

Medicinal use

The fruits are used in Chinese and Korean traditional medicine, where they are believed to alleviate stress. Traditional Chinese medicine (also known as TCM,) includes a range of traditional medical practices originating in China. The fruit is ground to powder, with very small amounts required to promptly calm nerves and purify blood quality. The Australian drink 1-bil makes de-stressing (or relaxing) claims on the basis of its jujube ingredient.

Ziziphin, a compound in the leaves of the jujube, suppresses the ability to perceive sweet taste in humans. Ziziphin, a triterpene Glycoside which exhibits taste-modifying property has been isolated from the leaves of Ziziphus jujuba ( Rhamnaceae ^[4] The fruit, being mucilaginous, is also very soothing to the throat and decoctions of jujube have often been used in pharmacy to treat sore throats. Mucilage is a gooey polar Glycoprotein; an exopolysaccharide; a Polymer produced by most plants and some microorganisms

jujube fruit

Culinary use

Dried red jujube fruits

The freshly harvested as well as the candied dried fruits are often eaten as a snack, or with tea. Dried fruit is fruit that has been dried, either naturally or through use of a machine such as a Food dehydrator. They are available either red or black (called hóng zǎo or hēi zǎo, respectively, in Chinese), the latter being smoked to enhance their flavour [1]. Smoking is the process of flavoring, Cooking, or preserving Food by exposing it to the Smoke from burning or smoldering plant materials In mainland China, Korea, and Taiwan, a sweetened tea syrup containing jujube fruits is available in glass jars,^photo and canned jujube tea or jujube tea in the form of teabags is also available. Although not widely available, jujube juice[2] and jujube vinegar^photo (called 枣醋 or 红枣醋 in Chinese) are also produced. Vinegar is an acidic liquid processed from the Fermentation of Ethanol in a process that yields its key ingredient Acetic acid (also called ethanoic acid

In China, a wine made from jujubes called hong zao jiu (红枣酒) is also produced. [3] Jujubes are sometimes preserved by storing in a jar filled with baijiu (Chinese liquor), which allows them to be kept fresh for a long time, especially through the winter. See also Chinese wine Baijiu, or shaojiu ( 烧[[wiktionary 酒|酒]] is a Chinese distilled Alcoholic Such jujubes are called jiu zao (酒枣; literally "spirited jujube").

In addition, jujubes, often stoned, are a significant ingredient in a wide variety of Chinese delicacies. In Persian cuisine, the dried drupes are known as annab. Persian cuisine or the cuisine of Iran is diverse with each province featuring dishes culinary traditions and styles distinct to their regions

Other uses

The jujube's sweet smell is said to make teenagers fall in love, and as a result, in the Himalaya and Karakoram regions, men take a stem of sweet smelling jujube flowers with them or put it on their hats to attract the opposite gender. Karakoram is a mountain range spanning the borders between Pakistan, China, and India, located in the regions of Gilgit, Ladakh, and

In traditional Chinese wedding ceremony, jujube and walnut were often placed in the newly wed's bedroom as a sign of fertility.

In Japan, the natsume has given its name to a style of tea caddy used in the Japanese tea ceremony. Chaki (茶器 is a Japanese term that literally means "tea implement The Japanese tea ceremony is called chanoyu (茶の湯 lit "tea hot-water" or also chadō or sadō (ja

In Korea, the wood is used to make the body of the taepyeongso, a double-reed wind instrument. The taepyeongso (lit "big peace wind instrument" also called hojok, hojeok, nallari, or

Pests and diseases

Witch's brooms, prevalent in China and Korea, is the main disease affecting jujubes, though plantings in North America currently are not affected by any pests or diseases. A Witch's broom is a disease or deformity in a Woody plant, typically a Tree, where the natural structure of the plant is changed ^[5]

Names in other languages

• Arabic - ennab (عنّاب) or sedr (سدر)
• Assamese: - 'bogori
• Bangla: - boroi
• Chinese - zǎo (simplified: 枣; traditional: 棗; Wade-Giles: tsao; also hóng zǎo (红枣), dà zǎo (大枣), hēi zǎo (黑枣), or zǎozi 枣子)
• Gujarati: bor (બોર)
• Hindi: ber
• Japanese: natsume (棗)
• Korean: daechu (대추)
• Marathi: bor (बोर)
• Persian - annab (عَنّاب)
• Sindhi - Beir
• Thai Language - Bhud-Saar (พุทรา)
• Turkish - hünnap
• Tamil - elanthai
• Telugu - regu pandlu-(రేగుపండు)
• Urdu - ennab (عنّاب)
• Vietnamese - táo tàu

References

• Fruits in Warm Climates. J. F. Morton, Miami, FL: 1987.
• Nutritional data for the jujube
• On the Medicinal uses of Jujube and its cultivation in Iran
• Photos of jujubes growing on trees
• Photo of a bottle of Taiwanese jujube wine
• Photo of a jar of Korean jujube tea
• Photo of a package of Korean jujube tea