| Black Walnut | ||||||||||||||
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 Leaves and fruit
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| Scientific classification | ||||||||||||||
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| Binomial name | ||||||||||||||
| Juglans nigra L. |
Juglans nigra, commonly known as black walnut or American walnut, is a tree species native to eastern North America. Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. It grows mostly alongside rivers, from southern Ontario, Canada west to southeast South Dakota, south to Georgia, northern Florida and southwest to central Texas. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page South Dakota ( is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States of America. The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State.
It is a large deciduous tree attaining heights of 30–40 meters(100–130 feet). The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those A tree is a perennial Woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or Under forest competition it develops a tall, clear bole; the open-grown form has a short bole and broad crown. In Botany, trunk (or bole) refers to the main structural member of a Tree that supports the Branches and is supported by and directly attached The bark is grey-black and deeply furrowed. The pith of the twigs contains air spaces. Pith is a light substance that is found in Vascular plants It consists of soft spongy Parenchyma cells and is located in the center of the stem. The leaves are alternate, 30–60 cm long, odd-pinnate with 15–23 leaflets, the largest leaflets located in the centre, 7–10 cm long and 2–3 cm broad. In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. Pinnate is a term used to describe Feather -like or multi-divided features arising from both sides of a common axis in Plant or Animal structures and comes The male flowers are in drooping catkins 8–10 cm long, the female flowers terminal, in clusters of two to five, ripening in the autumn into a fruit with a brownish-green, semi-fleshy husk and a brown corrugated nut. A catkin or ament is a slim cylindrical flower cluster with inconspicuous or no petals usually Wind - pollinated ( anemophilous) but sometimes The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology. Nut is a general term for the large dry oily Seeds or Fruit of some Plants. The whole fruit, including the husk, falls in October; the seed is relatively small and very hard. A seed (in some plants referred to as a kernel) is a small embryonic Plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat usually with some stored
The Black Walnut was introduced into Europe in 1629. It is cultivated there as a forest tree for its high quality wood. It is more resistant to frost than the Persian Walnut, but thrives best in the warmer regions of Europe of fertile, lowland soils with a high water table. Juglans regia (the Common walnut, Persian walnut, or English walnut) is the original Walnut tree of the Old World It is a light-demanding species. The wood is used to make furniture and rifle stocks, and oil is pressed from the seeds.
The Black Walnut produces a substance that is toxic or "allelopathic" to other plants called juglone. Allelopathy is the inhibition of growth of a plant due to Biomolecules released by another Juglone is an Aromatic Organic compound with the Molecular formula C10H6O3 It interferes with the healthy development of other plants causing wilting and yellowing of the foliage. This has caused some to believe that nothing grows under a Black Walnut, but there are many varieties of plants that can. Fescue grass is a type of grass that is allelopathic to the Black Walnut.
Use as food
The extraction of the kernel from the fruit of the Black Walnut is difficult. The shell is covered by a thick husk that exudes a dark, staining, strong-smelling juice. The juice will often be a yellow brown at first, then rapidly assume a deep black-green color upon exposure to the air. The shell often protrudes into the meat, so that whole kernels often cannot be obtained.
The husk is best removed when green, as the nuts taste better if it is removed then. Rolling the nut underfoot on a hard surface such as a driveway is a common method; commercial huskers use a car tire rotating against a metal mesh. Some take a thick plywood board and drill a nut sized hole in it (from one to two inches in diameter) and smash the nut through using a hammer. The nut goes through and the husk remains behind. To keep the husk juices from splattering, a board or canvas scrap may be used to cover the nut before hammering. The black walnut's husks are known to leave durable, hard to remove stains on hands and clothing.
Before eating or storage, the nuts should be cured in a dry place for at least two weeks. Before cracking, the unshelled nuts may be soaked in hot water for 24 hours in order to soften the shells, but with a proper cracker this is not necessary. While the flavor is prized, the difficulty in preparing the Black Walnut may account for the wider popularity and availability of the Persian Walnut. Juglans regia (the Common walnut, Persian walnut, or English walnut) is the original Walnut tree of the Old World
Wood
Black Walnut is highly prized for its dark-colored true heartwood. Wood is hard fibrous lignified structural tissue produced as secondary Xylem in the stems of Woody plants notably trees but also shrubs It is heavy and strong, yet easily split and worked. Walnut wood has historically been used for gunstocks, furniture, flooring, paddles, coffins, and a variety of other woodworking products. Due to its value, forestry officials often are called on to track down walnut poachers; in 2004, DNA testing was used to solve one such poaching case, involving a 55 foot (16 m) tree worth an estimated US$2,500. Forestry is the Art and Science of managing forests tree Plantations and related Natural resources. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been [1]
External links and references
- ^ Rick Callahan. DNA test catches tree poachers in Indiana. AP.
- Extensive information about black walnuts
- Flora of North America: J. nigra RangeMap:
- Juglans nigra images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu
- Monday Garden: Black Walnut
- Harvesting Black Walnuts
- Growing Black Walnut
- Black Walnut crackers
- Selling Black Walnuts
- Black Walnut Diagnostic photos: tree, leaves, bark and fruit
- Hoadley, B. (1990). Identifying Wood: Accurate Results with Simple Tools. Taunton Press, 240 pages. ISBN 0-942391-04-7.
- Dirr, M. A. (1998). Manual of Woody Landscape Plants. Stipes Publishing. ISBN 0-87563-795-7
- Petrides, G. A. and Wehr, J. (1998). Eastern Trees. Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-90455-2
- The Hiker's Notebook
 Leaf detail. Note the notch at the base of the leaflet. |
 Fruit. |
 Detail of bark. |
 Cross-section of a Black Walnut board. This particular board is over 140 years old, demonstrating the durability. |
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