A jughandle is a type of ramp or slip road that changes the way traffic turns left (when driving on the right). In the field of Road transport, an interchange is a road junction that typically Right-hand traffic and left-hand traffic mean regulations requiring all traffic to keep either to the left or the right side of the Road. Instead of a standard left turn being made from the left lane, left-turning traffic uses a ramp on the right side of the road. In a standard forward jughandle or near-side jughandle, the ramp leaves before the intersection, and left-turning traffic turns left off it rather than the through road. Right turns are also made using the jughandle. In a reverse jughandle or far-side jughandle, the ramp leaves after the intersection, and left-turning traffic loops around to the right and merges with the crossroad before the intersection.
Occasionally a setup is used where traffic on the side road cannot turn left at the intersection but turns left after it, merging with the main road. This is most often used for U-turns where a normal jughandle cannot be constructed; traffic turns left off the main road onto the ramp.
Jughandles are used very often in New Jersey. New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. Other nearby states have used them, and Pennsylvania still does in new construction, as do Connecticut, the District of Columbia, Illinois, Ohio, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, and New Hampshire. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern Connecticut ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. Minnesota ( Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee Nebraska ( is a state located on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States and New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous New Hampshire ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. Some are being built in southern Rhode Island on U. Rhode Island ( officially named the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, is a state in the New England region of the United States S. Route 1, as well as at a at-grade diamond intersection of RI 113 and RI 5. Route 113 is a numbered State Highway running 34 miles in Rhode Island. Route 5 is a State highway in the US state of Rhode Island. Route Route 5 takes the following route through the State A full set of jug-handles was recently installed at the at-grade intersection of the Bend Parkway and SW Powers Road in Bend, Oregon; no left turns are allowed through the intersection between the parkway and the local road. In the US state of Oregon, US Route 97 is a major north-south United States highway which runs through the state of Oregon (among Bend is the County seat of Deschutes County, Oregon, United States, and the principal city of the Bend Oregon Metropolitan Statistical [1].
Occasionally, a jughandle is removed if turning traffic is too heavy (see Disadvantages). In at least one case (Route 36 at Route 71), the jughandle was kept for U-turns, but left turns are made from a left-turn lane. Route 36 is a State highway in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. Route 71 is a State highway in New Jersey, United States, running 16
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History
The first mention of jughandles in the New York Times is on June 14, 1959, referring to jughandles having been built on US 46 in Montville, US 22 between North Plainfield and Bound Brook, and Route 35 at Monmouth Park Racetrack. Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Route description Today US Route 46 begins at a complex interchange of the southern end of Route 94, Interstate 80 the Portland-Columbia Toll Bridge leading Montville is a township in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. US Route 22 ( US 22) is a west-east route and is one of the original United States highways of 1926 for the former North Plainfield Township see Green Brook Township New Jersey North Plainfield is a Borough in Somerset County Bound Brook is a borough in Somerset County, New Jersey, United States. Route 35 is a State highway along New Jersey 's Atlantic Ocean coast primarily traveling through the easternmost parts of Middlesex Monmouth and Ocean History The original track opened July 30, 1870 on what is now the site of the Fort Monmouth parade ground but was closed from 1873 to 1881 due to
By the beginning of 1960, New Jersey had 160 jughandles, most if not all standard before-intersection jughandles. Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The 160th one was on U.S. Route 1 between New Brunswick and Trenton. US Route 1 (US 1 is a major north-south US Highway that serves the East Coast of the United States. New Brunswick, also known as "the Healthcare City" or "Hub City" is a city and the County seat of Middlesex County Trenton is the Capital of the US state of New Jersey and the County seat of Mercer County.
Signage
On New Jersey State Highways and Pennsylvania State Highways, a white sign is placed before a jughandle or at the beginning of a stretch of jughandles saying ALL TURNS FROM RIGHT LANE. In the US state of New Jersey, the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT maintains a system of State highways. In the US state of Pennsylvania, State highways are maintained by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation. Each jughandle is marked with a white sign below the standard green sign, saying ALL TURNS, or U AND LEFT TURNS in the case of a reverse jughandle.
On locally maintained roads, and in other states, jughandle signage can appear to be haphazard and confusing to out of state drivers.
Generally on Pennsylvania Route 61, jughandles are common, and are signed as "All Turns (up/right arrow)". Pennsylvania Route 61 is an -long State highway in the US state of Pennsylvania.
Advantages
- Safety
- Removes left-turning vehicles from travel lanes, particularly from higher-speed left lanes.
- Pedestrian crossing distance is reduced across the mainline.
- Reduced left-turn conflict points as compared to a standard four-leg intersection.
- Removes conflicts with right-turning vehicles and pedestrians/bicyclists at the primary intersection.
- Operations
- Reduced overall travel time and delay through the intersection.
- Reduced signal phases due to the elimination of the associated left-turn phase(s).
- Shorter pedestrian crossing distance across the mainline may provide for shorter cross street signal phases.
- May improve U-turns by reducing the need for a tight-radius turning maneuver which conflicts with cross-street right-turns.
Disadvantages
- Safety
- Driver confusion, due to left-turns being made from the right side of the roadway — an uncommon configuration outside of the northeastern United States. Expectancy issues may be compounded due to inconsistency between intersections, where some intersections may be jughandles and others may be standard intersections. These issues can be reduced through advance signing.
- Pedestrian conflict is increased along the cross street due to the addition of an additional intersecting approach.
- Creates a higher-speed conflict between vehicles and pedestrians/bicyclists at the divergence point of the jughandle ramp.
- Operations
- Increased travel time and delay for left-turning motorists redirected through jughandle.
- Increased overall percentage of vehicles stopped at the intersection.
- Potential for queues along the cross street to block the exit terminal of the jughandle, increasing stops, delays, and travel time of left-turning motorists.
- With reverse jughandles, motorists travel through the intersection twice: adding to the net movement demand.
- Motorists wishing to perform a U-turn maneuver at a reverse jughandle must perform a weaving maneuver across all cross-street lanes to travel from the jughandle terminus to the left-turn lane.
- To provide for motorist safety, the Federal Highway Administration recommends locating transit stops further from the intersection, outside of the jughandle ramps. This can reduce pedestrian demand due to the additional travel distance to access the transit stop.
- Right-of-way
- Additional right-of-way may be required alongside the roadway, unless the existing street network can be utilized.
See also
External links
- Federal Highway Administration, Alternative Intersection Treatments - Jughandle
- Traffic Performance of Three Typical Designs of New Jersey Jughandle Intersections
Sources
- 'Jughandle' Cuts Highway Tie-ups, New York Times, January 2, 1960, page 15
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