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The Judiciary of Somalia as defined by the Transitional Federal Charter (TFC) began its formative stages in early 2007 with the swearing in of the first jurists recognized by the Transitional Federal Government (TFG). Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known The politics of Somalia are defined by the state of Civil war which since 1991 has divided the country into various warring entities and autonomist and seccessionist The Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic, or TFC is the principle organizing document of the Somali Republic, written and approved in February In Political science and Constitutional law, the executive is the branch of government responsible for the day-to-day management of the State. The Transitional Federal Government (TFG of the Somali Republic ( Dowladda federaalka kumeelgaarka) is the present internationally recognized government of Somalia This page contains a list of the Presidents of Somalia. See also History of Somalia List of Prime Ministers of Somalia Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed ( Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed, عبدالله يوسف أحمد (born December 15 1934) is a veteran Somali Politician List of the Heads of Government of Somalia (Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office Political Affiliations SNL - Somali Nur Hassan Hussein ( Nuur Xasan Xuseen, نور حسن حسين also known as Nur Adde, has been the Prime Minister of Somalia since November 2007 History Historically Somali society accorded prestige to the warrior (waranle and rewarded military prowess The Somali Council of Ministers consists of members appointed by the prime minister. A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation The Transitional Federal Parliament of the Somali Republic ( Golaha Shacabka Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ee Jamhuuriyada Soomaaliya; often Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya See also Transitional Federal Parliament, History of the Transitional Federal Government of the Republic of Somalia The List of selected members of the In Law, the judiciary or judicial system is the system of Courts which administer Justice in the name of the sovereign or State A state is a political association with effective Sovereignty over a geographic Area and representing a Population. Puntland is a region in northeastern Somalia, centered on Garowe ( Nugaal region whose leaders declared it to be an autonomous state in 1998 Key players Africa Oil Corp formerly Canmex Minerals an oil company based out of Vancouver, British Columbia Canada. Galmudug, is a secular decentralized state in the central region of Somalia. Maakhir ( Gobolka Maakhir; ماخر) officially the Maakhir State of Somalia ( Maamul Goboleedka Maakhir, ولاية ماخر الصومال The Politics and Government of Somaliland take place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic Republic, with the President |||} Before the civil war began in 1991 the regions of Somalia were subdivided into 75 Districts These districts are listed below by region Awdal See also List of members of the Somali Transitional Federal Parliament, Factions in the Somali Civil War, List of political parties in Somalia Somalia is a Political parties in Somalia lists political parties in Somalia. Foreign relations of Somalia are handled primarily by the President as the head of state Prime Minister as the head of government and the Minister of Foreign Human rights in Somalia are extremely poor and serious human rights violations are a problem due to the unstable political situation in the country Information on politics by country is available for every Country, including both De jure and De facto independent The Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic, or TFC is the principle organizing document of the Somali Republic, written and approved in February The Transitional Federal Government (TFG of the Somali Republic ( Dowladda federaalka kumeelgaarka) is the present internationally recognized government of Somalia
Chapter 2 of the Charter defines Islam as the national religion and sharia law as the basis of national legislation (Article 8). For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law.
Chapter 9 of the Charter defines the scope and powers of the federal judiciary.
The new court system consists of:
- The Transitional Supreme Court seated at Mogadishu
- The Transitional Appeals Court
- Other Courts established by law
As well, a Judicial Service Council is to direct policy and administration of the judiciary, composed of the President of the Supreme Court, the Attorney General, three Judges elected from the Supreme Court, and four lawyers selected from private practice. A supreme court, also called a court of last resort or high court, is in some Jurisdictions the highest judicial body within that jurisdiction's Mogadishu ( Somali: Muqdisho, popularly Xamar, Hamar; مقديشو Maqadīshū Court of Appeal, Court of Appeals, and Appellate Division redirect here for a list of specific courts using those titles see Court of Appeal Judges and the Attorney General would be appointed by the President. The Judicial Service Council can advise the President on matters of judicial appointment. The Council of Ministers can advise the President on the appointment of Attorney General.
Until its broader adoption, many de facto decisions were or still are made by local tribal meetings, or, up to the end of 2006, by the sharia courts organized by the Islamic Courts Union. Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law. The Islamic Courts Union ( ICU, Somali: Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga Arabic: اتحاد المحاكم الإسلامية Ittihād al-mahākim
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Establishing the new judiciary
On January 4, 2007, Somali Prime Minister Ali Mohammed Ghedi attended the swearing in of the first court judges and commissioners of Banadir district recognized by the TFG. Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Ali Mohamed Gedi or Mohammed Ali Ghedi ( Cali Maxamed Geedi, علي محمد جيدي (born 1951 was the Prime Minister of the Transitional [1]
History
Beginning with the early period of independence, 1960–1962 to the fall of Siad Barre in 1991, the Somali judiciary was organized into a four-tier system, with judges selected by a Higher Judicial Council. Mohamed Siad Barre (Maxamed Siyaad Barre محمّد سياد بري) (b Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. [2][3]
- Supreme Court seated at Mogadishu, consisting of a chief justice/president, vice president, 9 surrogate justices, 2 other judges, and 4 laymen
- 2 Courts of Appeal, seated at Mogadishu and Hargeisa with two divisions: district court appeals and regional assize appeals
- 8 Regional courts with three divisions: penal/civil, assize, and labor legislation
- 84 District courts with civil and criminal divisions. A supreme court, also called a court of last resort or high court, is in some Jurisdictions the highest judicial body within that jurisdiction's Mogadishu ( Somali: Muqdisho, popularly Xamar, Hamar; مقديشو Maqadīshū Court of Appeal, Court of Appeals, and Appellate Division redirect here for a list of specific courts using those titles see Court of Appeal Mogadishu ( Somali: Muqdisho, popularly Xamar, Hamar; مقديشو Maqadīshū History Prehistoric inhabitants The city is home to Neolithic Cave paintings recently discovered named Laas Geel.
Sharia courts were discontinued, but Islamic principles were to be taken into consideration.
With the advent of the Siad Barre government, a military system of Special National Security Courts (NCSs) was added which operated outside of this hierarchy dealing with charges of corruption, murder and acts against the state. They were widely feared for sentencing hundreds to their deaths, and in October 1990 Siad Barre abolished them. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar)
References
- ^ "Somalia: Judges sworn in the capital", SomaliNet, 2007-01-04. SomaliNet is a Somali networking website created in May 1998 Somalinet contains News, Chat ( IRC) forums, an online Dating service Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Retrieved on 2007-01-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign
- ^ Somalia: Government and Politics. Libarary of Congress Country Study. Retrieved on 2007-01-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign
- ^ Somalia: Courts. Libarary of Congress Country Study. Retrieved on 2007-01-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign
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