Juan O'Donojú O'Rian (O'Donahue O'Ryan) (1762, Seville, Spain — October 8, 1821, Mexico City) was a Spanish military officer and viceroy of New Spain from July 21, 1821 to September 28, 1821, during Mexico's war of independence. Year 1762 ( MDCCLXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Seville ( Spanish: Sevilla, see also different names) is the artistic cultural and financial capital of southern Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Mexico City (in Spanish: Ciudad de México, México DF, México or simply Méjico) is the Capital city of Mexico The Viceroyalty of New Spain (Virreinato de Nueva España was a name given to the Viceroy -ruled territories of the Spanish Empire in North America, Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year He was the last Spanish viceroy of the colony.
Born in Seville of Irish descent, O'Donojú joined the army at a young age. After serving with distinction in the war against the French, in 1814 he was named minister of war by the Regency (the Junta of Cádiz). With the return of King Ferdinand VII, he became aide de camp of the king. Early life In his youth he occupied the painful position of an heir apparent who was jealously excluded from all share in government by his parents and the royal favorite
O'Donojú was a liberal, and a friend of the liberal rebel Rafael de Riego. At the time of the reestablishment of the constitution in 1820, he was captain general of Andalusia. Andalusia (Andalucía is an autonomous community of Spain. It is the most populous and the second largest in terms of land area He reached the rank of lieutenant general, and was a high officer in the Spanish Masons.
He arrived in New Spain in 1821 with the title of captain general, and with the authority (but not the official title) of viceroy. He was sworn in upon his arrival in Veracruz on July 21, 1821. Veracruz, formally Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave is one of the 31 states that constitute the republic of Mexico. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year He found that the entire country except for that city, Mexico City and Acapulco supported the Plan de Iguala and rebel general Agustín de Iturbide. Acapulco (Officially Acapulco de Juárez) is a City and major sea port in the state of Guerrero on the Pacific coast Plan of Iguala, also known as Plan of the Three Guarantees ("Plan Trigarante" was a peace treaty proclaimed on February 24 1821 in the final stage of Mexican Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Arámburu ( September 27, 1783 &ndash July 19, 1824) was Emperor of Mexico as Augustin
The Cortes in Spain had granted autonomy, but not independence, to Spanish possessions overseas.
Still in Veracruz, on August 3, 1821 he issued a proclamation of his liberal principles to the people of Mexico. Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year He wrote to Iturbide, inviting the latter to a conference in a location of his choosing. Iturbide designated the city of Córdoba as the meeting place. Córdoba (founded in 1618) is a City and is the seat of the municipality of the same name in the state of Veracruz on the Bay of Campeche on O'Donojú, accompanied by Colonel Antonio López de Santa Anna, arrived there on August 23, and the following day the meeting occurred. Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón ( February 21, 1794 &ndash June 21, 1876) often known as Santa They reached agreement and signed an accord (the Treaty of Córdoba) based on the Plan de Iguala. The only part of the Plan de Iguala that was amended was Article 4, concerning the functions of the governmental junta. The new Article 4 also provided that if no member of the Bourbon family accepted the crown of New Spain (a likely possibility), the Mexican Cortes would freely elect the monarch. Under the circumstances, this was almost the same as granting the crown to Iturbide.
The military leaders of the Spanish in the colony did not accept the independence of Mexico. Spanish troops occupied the plazas of Mexico City and Veracruz, the fort of San Carlos de Perote, and the castle of San Diego in Acapulco. They were blockaded, and all but Veracruz surrendered. Francisco Novella was besieged in Mexico City by the Ejército de las Tres Garantías (the Army of the Three Guarantees, the unified pro-independence army formed by the Plan de Iguala), lead by Vicente Guerrero and Nicolás Bravo. Francisco Novella Azabal Pérez y Sicardo was a Spanish general in New Spain and interim viceroy of the colony from July 5, 1821 to July 21, 1821 At the end of the Mexican War of Independence, the Army of the Three Guarantees ( Ejército Trigarante or Ejercito de las Tres Garantías) was the name Vicente Ramón Guerrero Saldaña ( August 10 1782 &ndash February 14 1831) was the 2nd President of Mexico and one of the Nicolás Bravo Rueda ( September 10, 1786 &ndash April 22, 1854) was a Mexican politician and soldier Novella agreed to a suspension of hostilities. Colonel Santa Anna besieged Brigadier García Dávila in San Juan de Ulúa, Veracruz, but the latter was able to hold out for four more years. San Juan de Ulúa, also known as Castle of San Juan de Ulúa is a large complex of Fortresses, prisions and one former palace on an island overlooking the
O'Donojú used his influence to withdraw Spanish troops from the country with a minimum of bloodshed, by means of reasonable surrender terms. He approved the promotion of Novella, the previous (acting) viceroy, to field marshal.
On September 13, 1821 O'Donojú met with Novella and Iturbide at the Hacienda de la Patera, near the Villa de Guadalupe, smoothing over the difficulties and arranging the details of the transfer of power. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Villa Guadalupe is a former town near what is now Mexico City which in 1531 was the site of the apparition of Our Lady of Guadalupe, the most renowned Novella ordered Spanish troops to leave Mexico City.
The troops left the capital on September 21-22, and on the 24th the insurgents entered. On the 26th O'Donojú, and on the 27th Iturbide decreed the independence of the Mexican Empire from Spain. Together with 33 other persons, O'Donojú was part of the Provisional Governing Junta, headed by Iturbide. He signed the Act of Independence on September 28, 1821. Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year
On October 3, 1821, the captaincy-general of Guatemala (formed of Chiapas, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Honduras) proclaimed its independence from Spain and its incorporation into the Mexican Empire. Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Guatemala (República de Guatemala) is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west the Pacific Ocean to the southwest Chiapas is the southernmost state of Mexico, located towards the southeast of the country El Salvador ( República de El Salvador,) is a country in Central America. Nicaragua (ˌnɪkəˈrɑgwə officially the Republic of Nicaragua () is a representative democratic republic and the largest nation in Central America Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( Spanish: Costa Rica or República de Costa Rica,) is a Country in Honduras in Spanish, República de Honduras) is a democratic republic in Central America. This region had been formally subject to New Spain throughout the colonial period, but as a practical matter was administered separately. All but Chiapas soon separated from Mexico.
O'Donojú died of pleurisy shortly after independence, on October 8, 1821, only about two and one half months after arriving in New Spain. Pleurisy, also known as pleuritis, is an Inflammation of the pleura the lining of the Pleural cavity surrounding the Lungs Pleurisy has a variety Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year His remains were interred with the honors of a viceroy in the vault of the Altar of Kings in the Cathedral of Mexico.
References
- (Spanish) "Juan O'Donojú," Enciclopedia de México, v. 10. Mexico City, 1987.
- (Spanish) García Puron, Manuel, México y sus gobernantes, v. 1. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrua, 1984.
- (Spanish) Orozco L. , Fernando, Fechas Históricas de México. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1988, ISBN 968-38-0046-7.
- (Spanish) Orozco Linares, Fernando, Gobernantes de México. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985, ISBN 968-38-0260-5.
| Preceded by Francisco Novella Azabal Pérez y Sicardo |
Viceroy of New Spain 1821 |
Succeeded by Agustín I (As Constitutional Emperor of Mexico) |
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