Jovito Salonga

President of the Senate of the Philippines 1987–1992
Senator of the Philippines 1965–1972, 1987–1992
Representative, 2nd District of Rizal 1961–1965
Political party:	Liberal Party
Born:	June 22, 1920 (age 87) Pasig
Spouse:	Lydia Busuego

Jovito "Jovy" Salonga (born June 22, 1920) is a Filipino senator, statesman, and lawyer and a leading oppositionist to the Marcos regime from 1972, when Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law, until 1986, when Marcos was deposed as a result of a bloodless revolution (see People Power Revolution). Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Liberal Party of the Philippines ( Filipino: Partido Liberal ng Pilipinas) is a liberal party in the Philippines, founded on November Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar This article is for the city for the river see Pasig River. The City of Pasig ( Filipino: Lungsod ng Pasig) is one of the cities and municipalities Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Filipinos or the Filipino people are the citizens of the Philippines. A senate is a Deliberative body, often the Upper house or chamber of a Legislature or Parliament. A statesman or stateswoman or statesperson is usually a Politician or other notable figure of State who has had a long and respected career in A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law as an attorney, Counsel or Solicitor; a person Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralín Marcos ( September 11, 1917 &ndash September 28, 1989) was President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986

Contents 1 Early life and education 1.1 World War II hero 1.2 American education 2 Political career 2.1 Congress 2.2 Senate 2.3 Second lease in life, first arrest 2.4 Second arrest, exile 3 Post-martial law era 4 Accomplishments 4.1 'Unblemished' record 4.2 Retirement from public office 4.3 A 'national treasure' 4.4 Ramon Magsaysay Award 5 Personal Life 6 Resignation from Sigma Rho 7 References 8 External links 9 Further reading

Early life and education

Jovito Salonga was born poor in a remote barrio of Pulo, now known as San Miguel, in Pasig City on June 22, 1920. This article is for the city for the river see Pasig River. The City of Pasig ( Filipino: Lungsod ng Pasig) is one of the cities and municipalities Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar His father was a Presbyterian pastor, Esteban Salonga who married (on 1904) Bernardita Reyes, a market vendor. Presbyterianism is a family of Christian denominations within the Reformed branch of Protestant Western Christianity Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on Due to poverty, he usually ate “ayungin” (a small fish) for breakfast, lunch and dinner, and was the only one who went barefoot to elementary school. The youngest of five brothers, he worked his way through college and law school as a proofreader in the publishing firm of his eldest brother Isayas. During his senior year at the College of Law at the University of the Philippines (U. The University of the Philippines College of Law or UP Law is the law college of the University of the Philippines System the National University of the The University of the Philippines (or Unibersidad ng Pilipinas in Filipino and commonly abbreviated as U P. ), he quit his job to prepare for the bar exam. However, because of the advent of World War II, he postponed taking the Philippine Bar Examination until 1944—which he and José Diokno both topped with a grade point average of 95. The Philippine Bar Examination is the professional licensure examination for lawyers in the Philippines. José "Pepe" Wright Diokno ( February 26, 1922 - February 27, 1987) or "Ka Pepe" was a Filipino nationalist human 3%, the 2nd highest score in Philippine Bar history (Florenz Regalado holds 1st place). ^[1][2]

World War II hero

A few months after the Japanese invasion in December 1941, Salonga went underground and engaged in anti-Japanese activities. In April 1942, he was captured and tortured by the Japanese Military Police in Pasig in the presence of his aging father. He was transferred to Fort Santiago and several other prisons where he was subjected to further persecution. On June 11, 1942, he was sentenced to 15 years of hard labor by the Japanese and incarcerated at the New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa, a place where he mingled with murderers and thieves. Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa City, Philippines is the main insular penitentiary designed to house the prison population of the Philippines By a stroke of good fortune, he was pardoned on the Foundation Day of Japan (Kigen Setsu) in 1943. is a national holiday in Japan celebrated annually on February 11.

American education

After passing the bar, he went back to the U. P. College of Law where he earned an LL. B in 1946. He traveled to the U. S. when he won a scholarship to attend Harvard for his master's degree. Recommended by Harvard professor Manley Hudson to Yale Law School, he was awarded a fellowship at Yale University where he earned a doctorate (JSD) in 1949. Yale Law School, or YLS, is the Law school of Yale University in New Haven Connecticut. He however turned down their offer of a faculty position because he felt he should participate in his country's post-war reconstruction. He was honored with the Ambrose Gherini prize for writing the best paper in international law. At Yale, he met Jose “Teroy” Laurel, son of wartime President Jose P. Laurel, who later became his law partner in the Philippines. José Paciano Laurel y García ( March 9, 1891 &ndash November 6, 1959) was the president of the Japanese-Sponsored Republic of the Philippines The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP In February 1948, he married Lydia Busuego in Cambridge, Massachusetts who gave birth to their first-born, Esteban Fernando. Cambridge Massachusetts is a City in the Greater Boston area of Massachusetts, United States.

Salonga returned to the Philippines and engaged in the teaching and practice of law. He authored several books on corporate law and international law, and was appointed Dean of the College of Law, Far Eastern University (F. Far Eastern University (FEU ( in the City of Manila, West Sampaloc University Belt area is a nonsectarian Private university in the Philippines E. U. ) in 1956.

Political career

Congress

In 1960, he was persuaded by Vice President Diosdado Macapagal, then president of the Liberal Party (LP), one of the two dominant political parties in the Philippines at the time, to run for Congress in the second district of Rizal, where two political dynasties dominated the bureaucracy. For the airport see Diosdado Macapagal International Airport For the boulevard in Metro Manila, see Diosdado Macapagal Boulevard Salonga helped build the party from the grassroots, largely with the support of disgruntled and alienated youth who responded to the issues he raised, particularly the entrenchment of the political ruling class and their families in seats of governments, a major cause of disenchantment among the masses. In the November 1961 elections, he bested his two opponents by an overwhelming margin.

Shortly after his election, he tangled with one of the best debaters of the opposing party, the Nationalista Party (NP), on the issue of proportional representation in various committees. He also composed a seminal article, published and editorialized in various papers, on the Philippines' territorial claim to North Borneo (Sabah). With the election of Cornelio Villareal (LP, Capiz) as Speaker of the House, Salonga was appointed to the chairmanship of the prestigious Committee on Good Government. In June 1962, President Macapagal filed the Philippine petition against Malaysia's alleged illegal expropriation of North Borneo. Salonga was appointed to head the delegation in the January 1963 London negotiations.

Senate

After one term, Salonga was chosen to run for Senate under the LP banner in the 1965 elections. Presidential, legislative and local elections were held on November 19, 1965 in the Philippines. Despite limited financial resources and the victory of NP candidate Marcos as president, Salonga was elected senator, garnering the most number of votes. In 1967, he was Ninoy Aquino's chief lawyer in the underage lawsuit filed against the latter by President Marcos. Benigno Servillano Aquino Jr ( November 27, 1932 – August 21 Largely through Salonga's skills in jurisprudence, Aquino won his case before the Commission on Elections. Subsequently Marcos' appeals to the Supreme Court and Senate Electoral Tribunal were overturned, granting a final victory to Salonga and Aquino. For his well-documented exposés against the Marcos administration, Salonga was hailed as the "Nation's Fiscalizer" by the Philippines Free Press in 1968. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Second lease in life, first arrest

He ran for re-election in 1971. Along with some members of the Liberal Party, he was critically injured on the August 21 bombing of his party's proclamation rally at Plaza Miranda. The 1971 Plaza Miranda bombing occurred during a Political campaign rally of the Liberal Party at Plaza Miranda in the district of Quiapo Manila in the His doctors' prognoses were grim—he was not expected to live. He survived, however, with impaired eyesight and hearing, and more than a hundred tiny pieces of shrapnel in his body. Despite his inability to campaign, he topped the senatorial race for the second time.

He returned to the political arena and embarked on a successful law career. He protested martial law and was unjustly arrested. Martial law is the system of rules that takes effect when the military takes control of the normal administration of justice After his release from military custody, he was offered a visiting scholarship at Yale, where he engaged in the revision of his book on international law. He completed his book on the Marcos years, which included a program for a new democratic Philippines.

Second arrest, exile

The imposition of martial law in September 1972 was the catalyst that radicalized hundreds of oppositionists and the pretext to arrest and imprison many of them, including moderate ones. Salonga openly and vigorously opposed it, and he and his law partners, Sedfrey Ordoñez and Pedro L. Yap, defended many cases of well-known political prisoners as well as obscure detainees, most of them pro bono. In October 1980, following the bombing of the Philippine International Convention Center, Marcos again ordered Salonga's arrest—this time he was detained at Fort Bonifacio without any formal charges and investigation. To a great extent, loud protests here and abroad paved his eventual release from jail. He was allowed to leave with his wife for the U. S. in March 1981, to attend several international conferences and undergo medical procedures. Right after their departure, subversion charges—supposedly a well-known Marcos tactic to scare off his enemies from ever returning—were filed against him. Jovy and Lydia lived in self-exile in Hawaii, then moved to Encino, California, where he was visited by many opposition leaders, including Ninoy Aquino. It was here where, at the request of LP President Gerry Roxas, Salonga wrote the party's Vision and Program of Government. Gerardo Manuel de Leon Roxas ( August 25, 1924 &ndash April 19, 1982) better known as Gerry Roxas or Gerardo M After the demise of Roxas in New York in April 1982, Salonga was elected acting president of the Liberal Party.

Post-martial law era

The assassination of Ninoy Aquino in August 1983 prompted Salonga to return to the Philippines in January 21, 1985 to help resuscitate his party and unite democratic opposition. Benigno Servillano Aquino Jr ( November 27, 1932 – August 21 Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) A month later, the Supreme Court unanimously dismissed subversion charges against him. He was elected president of the Liberal Party. Shortly after the EDSA Revolution, President Corazon Aquino appointed him Chair of the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG), which was tasked with investigating and recovering the alleged ill-gotten wealth of Marcos and cronies. María Corazón Cojuangco-Aquino (born María Corazón Sumulong Cojuangco on January 25, 1933) widely known as Cory Aquino, was the 11th After his one-year stint with PCGG, he was drafted to run for the senate in the 1987 elections. For the third time, he won the number one spot in the senatorial race. Chosen senate president by his peers, Salonga authored three major legislative measures: the "Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees (R. A. 6713)", the "Anti-Coup d'etat Act (R. A. 6968)", and the "Anti-Plunder Law (R. A. 7080)". In April 1990, he was conferred a Doctor of Laws degree, honoris causa, by the University of the Philippines “for his brilliant career as an eminent political figure… for his unwavering, courageous stand against injustice, oppression, and dictatorship… and for his sterling personal qualities of decency, humility, industry and moderation. An honorary degree or a degree honoris causa ( Latin: 'for the sake of the honour' is an Academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding ”

Accomplishments

'Unblemished' record

Salonga has five decades of unblemished record in public service. Despite limited means, he consistently won three senatorial elections, garnering the largest number of votes under three different administrations: that of Diosdado Macapagal, Ferdinand Marcos and Corazon Aquino. For the airport see Diosdado Macapagal International Airport For the boulevard in Metro Manila, see Diosdado Macapagal Boulevard Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralín Marcos ( September 11, 1917 &ndash September 28, 1989) was President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986 María Corazón Cojuangco-Aquino (born María Corazón Sumulong Cojuangco on January 25, 1933) widely known as Cory Aquino, was the 11th He has successfully legislated the State Scholarship Law, the Disclosure of Interest Act, the Magna Carta for Public School Teachers, the Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees, and the Act Defining and Penalizing the Crime of Plunder. Magna Carta ( Latin for Great Charter, literally " Great Paper " also called Magna Carta Libertatum ( Great Charter of Freedoms

In September 1991, Salonga led a group of 12 Senators in rejecting the R. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. P. -U. S. Bases Treaty, effectively ending 470 years of foreign military presence in the Philippines. He echoed the sentiments of the fathers of nationalism—Jose Rizal, Manuel Quezon and Claro M. Recto—and the nationalist sons of his generation, notably Lorenzo Tanada, Jose Diokno, and Renato Constantino who felt that their country, for almost 5 centuries, had been nothing but a colonial periphery of Spain and the U. Dr José P Rizal (full name José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda) (June 19 1861 – December 30 1896 was a Filipino Polymath, Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina (b August 19, 1878 in Baler Aurora, Philippines - d Politician Claro M Recto launched his political career as a legal adviser to the first Philippine Senate in 1916 Early life Tañada was born in Gumaca Quezon on August 10, 1898. José "Pepe" Wright Diokno ( February 26, 1922 - February 27, 1987) or "Ka Pepe" was a Filipino nationalist human Renato Constantino ( March 10, 1919 - September 15, 1999) was an influential Filipino Historian. S. However, he had to pay a heavy price for his unpopular decision—his financial backers in the business community withdrew their support for his presidential campaign. In December of that same year, Salonga was ousted from his position as President of the Senate, though a later agreement hammered out by the senators permitted him to keep his post until the end of December. Salonga lost the 1992 presidential election (finishing sixth in a seven-person race in the official tally), despite the resounding support of students from various colleges and universities.

As chairman of the Commission on Good Government, he "filed and perfected" the government's claim to the Marcos Swiss deposits. His unwavering pursuit of the Marcos ill-gotten wealth was, in one senator's words, the "moral equivalent of a war. " His efforts were rewarded when the government sequestrated Eduardo Cojuangco, Jr.'s firms including 93% shares of the United Coconut Planters Bank and 27% shares of the San Miguel Corporation. Eduardo Murphy Cojuangco Jr (born June 10, 1935) also known as Danding Cojuangco, is the chairman of San Miguel Corporation, the largest food In 2005 a Swiss bank, convinced of the legality of the Philippines' claim to the Marcos millions, delivered to the nation's government more than U. S. $680 million. The commission also petitioned to expropriate several real estate properties and several of the nation's largest corporations that the Philippine government claim were bought through blackmail or money the Marcoses allegedly plundered from public treasury.

Retirement from public office

After his retirement from government service, he continued work in public service through Kilosbayan (People Action), a forum for raising political consciousness and citizens' participation in governance; the Bantayog ng mga Bayani Foundation (Heroes' Memorial), a private entity that honors the nation's martyrs and heroes for their sacrifices during martial law; and Bantay Katarungan (Sentinel of Justice), an organization that seeks to improve the administration of justice in the Philippines through the systematic monitoring of courts and quasi-judicial agencies by selected students from leading law schools. The Chair of Bantay Katarungan is former Secretary of Justice Sedfrey Ordoñez, who had been his law partner for 33 years. Salonga is its founder and adviser.

He remains active as a speaker, denouncing what he claims are the moral and social ills in Philippine society. Since ending his political career in 1992, Salonga has been delivering lectures intermittently in various educational institutions, including the U. P. , Ateneo, Universidad de Santo Tomas, De la Salle and F. E. U. He teaches regularly at the Lyceum of the Philippines where he holds the Jose P. Laurel Chair on Law, Government and Public Policy.

Dr. Salonga acted as the president of the United Church of Christ in the Philippines (UCCP) during its constitutional convention which took place September 1993 at Ellinwood-Malate Church in Manila. Always the nationalist, he persuaded the delegates to agree that the Filipino language text had equal weight to the English text. During the caucus, he was a calming influence and ran the assembly with a firm and fair hand.

Due to the serious crisis confronting secondary education in the Philippines today, Dr. Salonga, in early June 2005, launched a fortnightly paper, Living News and Good Education, for use by high school teachers and students in public schools. Its stated goal is to help instill in high school students “Better English, better values and better learning in Math and Science. ” Jovito Salonga has been awarded honorary degrees by various universities in the Philippines and abroad.

Salonga wrote President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo to warn her that the May 14, 2007 elections could turn out to be as “violent and fraudulent” as the Marcos-era polls. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. In an open letter to Sec. Eduardo Ermita, he stated that he sees Marcos in Arroyo, Ver in Esperon. ^[3] Malacanang Palace forthwith rebuffed Salonga, saying that Esperon, checkpoints were to stay. In effect, Ms Arroyo has rejected the concerns raised in Salonga's letter which mentioned that her decision to call out the military to help stop election violence and killings would make the May 14 polls similar to the violence- and fraud-tainted elections during the Marcos regime. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the ^[4]

Salonga also branded the government move to hand Smith, an American citizen accused of rape, back to the United States as “a raw deal and a midnight transaction. ” He said the victims of the government’s giving in to US pressure were Nicole (the rape victim) and the country’s justice system. Salonga claimed that a raw deal was done against Nicole and the judicial process by Judge Benjamin Pozon and the Court of Appeals. ^[5]

A 'national treasure'

A writer once referred to Senator Salonga as a "national treasure". [1]

Senator Joker P. Arroyo paid him the highest tribute when he said:

Some people make history, others write it. Joker Paz Arroyo is a Filipino lawyer politician and Senator of the Republic of the Philippines. But there is a rare handful who, in writing—and in speaking—make history. These are the ones who illuminate the issues, and in so doing move men to answer them with noble actions… In our country there was Claro M. Recto. Politician Claro M Recto launched his political career as a legal adviser to the first Philippine Senate in 1916 But if you consider the wealth of historical events surrounding a particular personality who shaped and even generated these events by his words, Jovito Salonga stands virtually alone. [2]

Now in his twilight years, Salonga sums up one's purpose in life in his speech before the national convention of Philippine Association of Retired Persons on May 27, 2005, with the following words:

What frightens many people. Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. . . is the dread of insignificance, the notion that we will be born, live and one day none of it will matter. A good many people don't want to live forever—it is like reading a good book or watching a good movie that never ends. Many people understand that the story of our lives must have a beginning, a middle, and an end; but what they desperately want is to live long enough to get it right, to feel that they have done something worthwhile with their lives. [3]

On August 31, 2007, Salonga received the Ramon Magsaysay award/prize for government service. Some 256 Asians have won the award in various categories since its founding in 1957. Each awardee receives a certificate, a medallion and an undisclosed cash prize. Salonga was one of the 7 Asian awardees--from China, India, South Korea, Nepal and the Philippines. . [4]On August 15, 2007, he launced a book "Not by Power or Wealth Alone" (from the Bible's "Man does not live by bread alone". [5]

On August 24, 2007, Salonga’s Bantayog ng mga Bayani Foundation launched a commemorative 200-page book, “Bantayog ng mga Bayani” (Monument of Heroes) at the Bantayog Memorial Center on Quezon Avenue corner EDSA to honor heroes - 160 Filipino student and community activists, priests, nuns, journalists, lawyers, Supreme Court justices and an Italian priest Tulio Favali, who was murdered in 1985 by a military-backed fanatic cult. Epifanio de los Santos Avenue ( EDSA) is the main circumferential road and Highway of Metro Manila in the Philippines. ^[6]

Ramon Magsaysay Award

Salonga received the Ramon Magsaysay Award for government service on August 31, 2007. The Ramon Magsaysay Award was established in April 1957 by the trustees of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund (RBF based in New York City. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. He was honored for "the exemplary integrity and substance of his long public career in service to democracy and good government in the Philippines". Other awardees included Kim Sun Tae of Korea, Mahabir Pun of Nepal, Tang Xiyang of China, Palagummi Sainath of India, Chen Guangcheng and Chung To, both of China. Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. Mahabir Pun is a Nepali person known for his extensive work in applying Wireless technologies to develop remote areas of the Himalayas. Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. Tang Xiyang (born 1930 is a Chinese environmentalist He was awarded the 2007 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Peace and International Understanding China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Chen Guangcheng ( Chinese: 陈光诚 Pinyin: Chén Guāngchéng born November 12, 1971) is a blind activist Chung To is a Chinese AIDS activist co-founder of the Chi Heng (= wisdom in action Foundation (CHF China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National ^[7]

Personal Life

• Jovito Salonga is married to Lydia B. Salonga.

Resignation from Sigma Rho

On September 14, 2007, Salonga resigned as member of his own Sigma Rho fraternity after its involvement and implication in the hazing murder of University of the Philippines, Diliman graduating 20-year old student, Cris Mendez (on August 27). Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Fraternities and sororities (from the Latin words la frater and la soror, meaning "brother" and "sister" respectively are fraternal Hazing is an often Ritualistic test and a task which may constitute Harassment, Abuse or Humiliation with requirements to perform random often Murder is the unlawful killing of another human person with Malice aforethought, as defined in Common Law countries The University of the Philippines Diliman, or UP Diliman, is the flagship campus seat of administration and the largest Constituent University of the University Graduation is the action of receiving or conferring an Academic degree or the associated ceremony The word student is etymologically derived through Middle English from the Latin second-type conjugation Verb "studēre" Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan Salonga joined Sigma Rho as UP student in the 1940s. ^[8] Salonga stated the reason of his resignation: “because of recent events in which Sigma Rho has been involved. Reason involves the ability to think understand and draw Conclusions in an Abstract way as in Human thinking A resignation is the formal act of giving up or quitting one's office or position ” The NBI issued subpoenas to members of the Sigma Rho fraternity, but none of its members came forward to admit responsibility for the brutal murder or shed light on the truth. NBI may refer to National Bureau of Investigation Net Banking Income Nile Basin Initiative Neutral A subpoena (səˈpiːnə is commonly defined as a written command to a person to Testify before a Court or be punished Murder is the unlawful killing of another human person with Malice aforethought, as defined in Common Law countries The meaning of the word truth extends from Honesty, Good faith, and Sincerity in general to agreement with Fact or Reality Mendez suffered “bruises all over his body, particularly on the back of his arms and thighs. ”^[9] On September 17, 2007, the "Grand Archon Emeritus" (leading alumnus of University of the Philippines' Sigma Rho), demanded an apology from Jovito Salonga over remarks against the fraternity. Events 1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought 1462 - The Battle of Świecino (or Battle of Żarnowiec The University of the Philippines (or Unibersidad ng Pilipinas in Filipino and commonly abbreviated as U Lawyer Tony Meer stated: “I don’t think its fair to us. A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law as an attorney, Counsel or Solicitor; a person I think he owes us an apology. ” ^[10] Columnist and Sigma Kappa Pi Alumni President Jarius Bondoc praised Salonga for his heroic act in resigning from the Sigma Rho. Salonga in return vowed to support Bondoc in his senatorial bid in 2010.

References

External links

• Jovito Salonga
• KILOSBAYAN
• Jovito Salonga
• Jovito Salonga speaks
• Jovito Salonga: a Liberal for All Seasons
• Jovito R. Salonga: The Tangible Who Makes a Nation Great
• Dr. Jovito R. Salonga Center for Law and Development
• Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation

Further reading

• Doherty, John F. ; and Jovito R. Salonga (1982). Cronies and Enemies: The Current Philippine Scene. Honolulu: University of Hawaii.  
• Salonga, Jovito R. (2000). Presidential Plunder: The Quest for the Marcos Ill-gotten Wealth. Manila: Regina. ISBN 971-8567-28-3.  
• Salonga, Jovito R. (2001). A Journey of Struggle and Hope: The Memoir of Jovito R. Salonga. Manila: Regina. ISBN 971-8567-31-3.  
• Salonga, Jovito R. (2003). The Intangibles that Make a Nation Great: Selected Speeches, Lectures, and Writings. Manila: Regina. ISBN 971-92791-1-7.  
• Salonga, Jovito R. (2005). The Task of Building a Better Nation. Manila: Regina. ISBN 971-92791-3-3.  
• Salonga, Jovito R. (2007). Not By Power or Wealth Alone. Manila: Regina.  

Preceded by Restored

President of the Senate of the Philippines 1987–1992

Succeeded by Neptali A. The President of the Senate of the Philippines is the presiding officer and the highest ranking-official of the Senate of the Philippines. Gonzales

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