Joseph Hardy Neesima (新島 襄 Niijima Jō?, 12 February 1843—23 January 1890) was a Japanese educator of the Meiji era, the founder of Doshisha University and Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts. Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Year 1843 ( MDCCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor Year 1890 ( MDCCCXC) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. This is a list of educators. See also Education, List of education topics. The, or Meiji era, denotes the 45-year reign of the Meiji Emperor, running in the Gregorian calendar, from 23 October 1868 to 30 July or is a Private university in Kyoto, Japan. It has 24000 students on three campuses in faculties of Theology, letters Law, commerce is a private women's college in Kyotanabe Kyoto, Japan. The predecessor of the school was founded in 1876 and it was chartered as a university in 1949
Neesima was born in Edo (present-day Tokyo), the son of a retainer of the Itakura clan of Annaka. literally bay - Door, " Estuary " edo once also spelled Yedo or Yeddo, is the officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. The is a Japanese clan which came to prominence during the Sengoku period. The was a Japanese domain of the Edo period, located in Kōzuke Province.
In 1864, laws on national isolation were still in effect in Japan, and Japanese people were not permitted to travel overseas without government permission. Sakoku ( Japanese: 鎖国 literally "country in chains" or "lock up of country" was the Foreign relations policy of Japan under which However, Neesima had read extensively on various rangaku topics, and was determined to come to America. Rangaku ( Kyūjitai: ja {{linktext 蘭 學}}/ Shinjitai: ja {{linktext 蘭学}} literally “Dutch Learning” and by extension “Western learning” is a body of At the age of 21, he entreated Captain William T. Savory,of Salem, Massachusetts, commander of the brig, the Essex, for safe passage to the United States, in order to further study Western science and Christianity. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Captain Savory agreed to help him, so long as Neesima came on board at night, without assistance from the ship's crew. Knowing Neesima could be executed if apprehended, Savory hid Neesima from customs officials in his stateroom. He then secured Neesima's passage from China to the United States on the Wild Rover, commanded by Captain Horace Taylor of Chatham, Massachusetts. The Wild Rover was owned by Alpheus Hardy.
When he arrived in Andover, Massachusetts, he was sponsored by Alpheus and Susan Hardy, members of Old South Church, who also saw to his education. Andover is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Old South Church, more formally Old South Church in Boston and sometimes New Old South Church, was completed in 1873 on newly filled land in the Back Bay He attended Phillips Academy from 1865 to 1867 and then Amherst College from 1867 to 1870. Phillips Academy (also known as Phillips Andover or PA or simply Andover) is a co-educational University preparatory school for boarding Amherst College is a private liberal arts college in Amherst, Massachusetts, USA. Upon graduating from Amherst, Neesima became the first Japanese person to receive a degree from a western college.
In the meantime, in 1866, he was baptized and from 1870 to 1874 he studied at the Andover Theological Seminary. In Christianity, baptism ( Greek, "immersing" "performing Ablutions " is the ritual act with the use of water by which one is admitted Andover Theological Seminary, now part of Andover Newton Theological School, is the oldest Graduate school of Theology in the United States. In 1874, he became the first Japanese to be ordained as a Protestant minister. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. In Christian churches, a minister is someone who is authorized by a church or religious organization to perform clergy functions such as teaching of beliefs
When the Iwakura Mission visited the United States on its around-the-world expedition, he assisted as an interpreter. The Iwakura Mission or Iwakura Embassy (ja 岩倉使節団 Iwakura Shisetsudan was a Japanese diplomatic journey around the world initiated in 1871 by the oligarchs
Neesima attended the 65th annual meeting of the Congregational church in Rutland, Vermont in 1874, and made an appeal for funds to start a Christian school in Japan. Congregational churches are Protestant Christian churches practicing Congregationalist church governance, in which each congregation independently Rutland is a town in Rutland County, Vermont, United States. The population was 4038 at the 2000 census Vermont ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. With the support and funding received, he returned to Japan, and in 1875 founded a school in Kyoto, which grew rapidly and became Doshisha University. (IPA /kʲoːto / is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. or is a Private university in Kyoto, Japan. It has 24000 students on three campuses in faculties of Theology, letters Law, commerce He was assisted by his wife Neesima Yae and brother-in-law Yamamoto Kakuma, who were also active with the local Christian community in Kyoto. (1845-1932 was a Japanese woman of the late Edo period who lived into the 20th century (1828-1892 was a Japanese Samurai of the late Edo period, who went on to become an educator and politician in the Meiji era.
In 1889, Amherst College honored him with an honorary doctorate, the first ever awarded to a Japanese person. He died in Oiso, Kanagawa Prefecture, and was buried in Kyoto. is a town located in Naka District, Kanagawa, Japan. As of 2008, the town has an estimated Population of 32856 and a density
He was honored on a Japanese postage stamp in 1950. A postage stamp is an adhesive paper evidence of pre-paying a fee for postal services
External links
- Life and Letters of Joseph Hardy Neesima, by Arthur Sherburne Hardy; Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1894.
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