| Joseph F. Smith | |
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| Full name | Joseph Fielding Smith |
| Born | November 13, 1838 |
| Place of birth | Far West, Missouri |
| Died | November 19, 1918 (aged 80) |
| Place of death | Salt Lake City, Utah |
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| Ordained | October 17, 1901 (aged 62) |
| Predecessor | Lorenzo Snow |
| Successor | Heber J. Grant |
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| Called by | Brigham Young |
| Ordained | January 1, 1866 (aged 27) |
| Reason for ordination | Brigham Young's discretion[1] |
| End of term | November 19, 1918 (aged 80) |
| Reason for end of term | Death |
| Reorganization at end of term | Melvin J. Ballard ordained |
Joseph Fielding Smith, Sr. Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St Year 1838 ( MDCCCXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Far West Missouri, was a Latter Day Saint ( Mormon) settlement in Caldwell County Missouri. Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Salt Lake City is the Capital and the most populous city of the U The State of Utah (ˈjuːtɔː or) is a western state of the United States. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the fourth largest Christian denomination in the United States and the largest and most well-known In the Latter Day Saint movement, the President of the Church is generally considered to be the highest office of the church Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Lorenzo Snow ( April 3, 1814 – October 10, 1901) was the fifth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Heber Jeddy Grant ( November 22, 1856 &ndash May 14, 1945) was the seventh president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the fourth largest Christian denomination in the United States and the largest and most well-known Brigham Young (June 1 1801 &ndash August 29 1877 was an American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Melvin Joseph Ballard ( February 2, 1873 &ndash July 30, 1939) was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church (November 13, 1838 – November 19, 1918) was the sixth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St Year 1838 ( MDCCCXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In the Latter Day Saint movement, the President of the Church is generally considered to be the highest office of the church The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the fourth largest Christian denomination in the United States and the largest and most well-known He was the last president of the LDS Church to have personally known the founder of the Mormon faith, Joseph Smith, Jr., who was the brother of his father Hyrum Smith. For others named Hyrum Smith see Hyrum Smith (disambiguation Hyrum Smith ( February 9, 1800 – June 27, 1844
Contents |
Biography
Smith was the son of Patriarch Hyrum Smith and his second wife Mary Fielding, a British convert to the Church who married Hyrum after the death of his first wife, Jerusha Barden Smith. See also Evangelist (Latter Day Saints In the Latter Day Saint movement, Patriarch (also called Evangelist) is an office of the Priesthood For others named Hyrum Smith see Hyrum Smith (disambiguation Hyrum Smith ( February 9, 1800 – June 27, 1844 Mary Fielding Smith Kimball (1801 - 1852 was an early member of the Latter Day Saint movement, the second wife of LDS Church leader Hyrum Smith and the mother of The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located In addition to her two children, Mary Fielding Smith raised the five children from the union of Hyrum and Jerusha.
Persecution
Smith was born in Far West, Missouri on November 13, 1838. Far West Missouri, was a Latter Day Saint ( Mormon) settlement in Caldwell County Missouri. Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St Year 1838 ( MDCCCXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Just a few days before he was born, his father Hyrum had been taken prisoner under the auspices of the Mormon Extermination Order. Missouri Executive Order 44, also known as the "extermination order" (alt At point of bayonet, Hyrum was marched to his home in Far West and ordered to say farewell to his wife. A bayonet (from French baïonnette) is a Knife - Dagger - or spike-shaped Weapon designed to fit on or over the muzzle He was told that his "doom was sealed" and that he would never see her again. Hyrum was still in custody in Liberty Jail, Missouri when his son Joseph Fielding was born. Liberty Jail is a former jail in Liberty Missouri, USA where Joseph Smith Jr He was named after his uncle, Joseph Smith, Jr. and his mother's brother Joseph Fielding. Joseph Fielding ( March 26 1797 — December 19 1863) was an early leader of the Latter Day Saint movement. His mother and maternal aunt Mercy Fielding Thompson fled with their children to Quincy, Illinois early in 1839, and later they moved to Nauvoo, Illinois when the majority of the members of the Church settled there. Robert Blashel Thompson ( October 1, 1811 – August 27, 1841) was an associate of Joseph Smith Jr Quincy Illinois, known as the " Gem City " is a city on the Mississippi River in Adams County, Illinois, United States There is also a Nauvoo Alabama, and a Nauvoo Pennsylvania Nauvoo ( is a small city in Hancock County, Illinois Joseph F. Smith stated as an adult that he had memories of Nauvoo, and can recall his uncle, the prophet Joseph Smith, Jr. and events that occurred at his uncle's home; he would have been no more than five and a half when on June 27, 1844, Joseph's uncle and father were murdered in Carthage, Illinois. Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Carthage is a city in Hancock County, Illinois, United States.
Winter Quarters
Smith's family remained in Nauvoo until September 1844, at which time his mother took their family and fled the city, camping on the West side of the Mississippi river among the trees on its banks, without wagon or tent, while the city was bombarded by mobs. His mother was later able to exchange their property in Illinois for a wagon and team of oxen. The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. Joseph and his family, along with many other Mormons, fled the American Midwest. The seven year old Smith drove the team of oxen, with his family, to the Church encampment at Winter Quarters, Nebraska. Winter Quarters was an encampment formed by approximately 2500 members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints as they waited during the winter of 1846-1847 for better Nebraska ( is a state located on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States and While at Winter Quarters, Joseph and another boy named Thomas Burdick were out on horseback some distance from the settlement, watching the cattle graze. They saw a band of twenty or thirty Indians ride into the valley on the other side of the cattle. Thomas rode back to camp to get help while Joseph rode toward the Indians and got between the Indians and the herd before the Indians reached the cattle. Joseph was able to turn the herd to head back toward the settlement, and coupled with the noise and arrival of the Indians, started a stampede (saving the herd from the Indians). He was still riding with the herd at full speed when two Indians picked him up off of his horse from either side and dropped him to the ground. A company of men from the encampment then arrived and were able to chase away the fleeing Indians and recover the herd, but Joseph's horse was stolen.
Joseph and his family remained at Winter Quarters until the spring of 1848 when Smith drove his mother's wagon across the plains to Utah. The State of Utah (ˈjuːtɔː or) is a western state of the United States.
Utah childhood
While in Utah, Joseph's mother Mary Fielding Smith worked with her sister and brother to raise the two widow's families, as well as continuing to care for Hyrum and Jerusha's younger children. The State of Utah (ˈjuːtɔː or) is a western state of the United States. Mary Fielding Smith died in 1852, apparently of pneumonia, leaving Joseph an orphan at the age of 13. Pneumonia is an inflammatory illness of the Lung. Frequently it is described as lung Parenchyma / alveolar inflammation and abnormal Smith reported that he was devastated by his mother's death, and relied upon the emotional support and help of Brigham Young and his stepfather Heber C. Kimball among others. Brigham Young (June 1 1801 &ndash August 29 1877 was an American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement. Heber Chase Kimball ( June 14, 1801 &ndash June 22, 1868) was a leader in the early Latter Day Saint movement. Even with the support of his older half brother John Smith, Joseph assumed primary responsibility for his young sister, Martha Ann, and subsequently left school in 1854. John Smith ( 22 September 1832 – 6 November 1911) was the fifth Presiding Patriarch of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day
Missions and military service
At the age of fifteen, Smith was called to go on his first LDS mission to the Sandwich Islands (designated the Hawaiian Islands after acquisition as a territory of the United States) under the direction of Apostle Parley P. Pratt. "Sandwich Island" redirects here Sandwich Island is also an early name for the Cook Islands island of Manuae, and for the island of Efate The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the Parley Parker Pratt ( 12 April 1807 &ndash 13 May 1857) was a leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and an original member of He successfully learned the language of the Hawaiian people and reported great success in four years of missionary work on the islands. He completed his service and returned to Utah to find it in the midst of serious conflict with the federal government (see Utah War). The Utah War, also known as the Utah Expedition or Buchanan's Blunder, was an armed dispute between Latter-day Saint (" Mormon " In 1858, Smith joined the territory's militia, named the "Nauvoo Legion" after a similar unit in Illinois, and spent several months patrolling the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains. The Nauvoo Legion was a private Militia employed by Joseph Smith Jr Mountain peaks of the Rocky Mountains The Rocky Mountains, often called the Rockies, are a Mountain range in western North America. Later in his tour of duty, he served as chaplain of Colonel Heber C. Kimball's regiment, with the rank of Captain. Heber Chase Kimball ( June 14, 1801 &ndash June 22, 1868) was a leader in the early Latter Day Saint movement. A regiment is a Military unit, composed of a variable number of Battalions – commanded by a Colonel. After tensions between the church and the federal government abated, Smith assisted his relatives in their return to northern Utah from areas in southern Utah, where they had taken their families for safety. In 1860, at 22 years of age, he was sent on a mission to Great Britain. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands He and his cousin Samuel H. B. Smith drove mule teams over the plains to Winter Quarters to help pay their way. Joseph served for 3 years, under mission president George Q. Cannon, returning in the summer of 1863. George Quayle Cannon ( January 11, 1827 &ndash April 12, 1901) was an early member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The
Smith had only been home for a short while when he was called to accompany Ezra T. Benson and Lorenzo Snow on a second mission to the Sandwich Islands to correct the problems caused by Walter M. Gibson. Ezra Taft Benson ( February 22, 1811 &ndash September 3, 1869) (commonly referred to as Ezra T Lorenzo Snow ( April 3, 1814 – October 10, 1901) was the fifth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints "Sandwich Island" redirects here Sandwich Island is also an early name for the Cook Islands island of Manuae, and for the island of Efate Walter Murray Gibson ( March 6, 1822 –1888 was an American Adventurer and a government minister in the Hawaiian Kingdom prior to the kingdom's He acted as principal interpreter for the apostles, and after Gibson was excommunicated, Joseph was left in charge of the mission. Joseph returned home in the winter of 1864-1865.
Joseph had a notable experience during this mission. The group anchored their boat in a rough channel in order to go ashore, proposing that the party should land using the freight boat. Joseph was strongly opposed to this, saying that the boat was unfit for the rough waters and that there was a great danger of capsizing. He offered to go ashore alone to obtain a boat fit to transport the party, to which they refused. They were persistent however, chiding him for his waywardness, with one leader even saying, "Young man, you would better obey counsel. " He then reiterated his impression of danger, imploring them not to go, but they insisted, so he asked that they leave their satchels, clothes, and valuables and permit him to stay. They reluctantly consented and set out for land. Partway there, the freight boat was overturned by the rough water about 20 or 30 feet deep, and President Lorenzo Snow nearly drowned in the ocean. Fortunately, President Snow's unconscious body was recovered, and on shore they were able to resuscitate him. Due to Joseph's actions, all of their belongings were saved.
Later life
Upon his return home, Smith was employed in the Church historian's office for a number of years, then as a clerk in the Endowment House, being in charge after the death of President Young, until it was closed. The Endowment House was an early building used by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints to administer temple ordinances in Salt Lake City Smith served seven terms in the Utah territorial House of Representatives, as well as terms on the Salt Lake City Council and in the territorial Senate; he also served in the presidency of a state constitutional convention in 1882. Smith also served as a Church representative on boards of many Utah businesses.
Marriages and family
In 1859, Smith married his sixteen year-old cousin Levira, daughter of Samuel Harrison Smith. Samuel Harrison Smith ( 1808-03-13 – 1844-07-30) was one of the younger brothers of Joseph Smith Jr Under the direction of President Brigham Young and with the consent of Levira, Smith took Julina Lambson as a plural wife in 1866. Brigham Young (June 1 1801 &ndash August 29 1877 was an American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement. Levira, "due to interference on the part of relatives, and because of the continued absence of her husband in mission fields and in ecclesiastical duties", obtained a divorce (Smith, Joseph Fielding (1938). Joseph Fielding Smith Jr ( July 19, 1876 &ndash July 2, 1972) was the tenth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Life of Joseph F. Smith. ). Later, Smith married Sarah Ellen Richards (March 1, 1868), Edna Lambson (May 5, 1866), Alice Ann Kimball (December 6, 1883 - Endowment House), and Mary Taylor Schwartz (January 13th, 1884), daughter of Agnes Taylor and niece of President John Taylor. Agnes Taylor Rich Hoagland Schwartz ( October 2, 1821 – December 11, 1911) was a Mormon pioneer who played a key role in helping John Taylor ( November 1, 1808 &ndash July 25, 1887) was the third president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Smith served yet another mission to Hawaii in 1884-1887, in part, to evade federal anti-polygamy prosecution.
Smith was the father of forty-three children, thirteen of whom preceded him in death. His first-born son, by wife Edna Lambson, was Hyrum Mack Smith. Hyrum Mack Smith ( March 21, 1872 – January 23, 1918) was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Elder Hyrum Mack Smith served as an Apostle from 1901 until his death in 1918. His first-born son by Julina Lambson, Joseph Fielding Smith, Jr. Joseph Fielding Smith Jr ( July 19, 1876 &ndash July 2, 1972) was the tenth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day , later served as the President of the Church. Between 1890 and 1900, Smith fathered more children, including six (of seven total) with Mary Taylor Schwartz and four with wife Alice Ann Kimball (September 6, 1858 - December 19, 1946), the daughter of Heber C. Kimball & Ann Alice Gheen. Alice Anne's twin brother was Andrew Kimball, father of 12th President, Spencer W. Kimball. Spencer Woolley Kimball ( March 28, 1895 – November 5, 1985) was the twelfth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day The children's names were; Lucy Mack Smith, Andrew Kimball Smith, Jesse Kimball Smith & Fielding Kimball Smith.
One of Smith's granddaughters, Amelia Smith, married Bruce R. McConkie, a later member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. Bruce Redd McConkie ( July 29 1915 &ndash April 19 1985) was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Quorum of the TwelveIn The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (also known as the Quorum of the Twelve, the
Church service
After Smith's first mission to Hawaii at age fifteen, he served in the Salt Lake Stake High Council in 1859, and in 1864 began working in the Church Historian's Office as a "recorder" for the Endowment House, Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, and the First Presidency. The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the The Endowment House was an early building used by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints to administer temple ordinances in Salt Lake City Quorum of the TwelveIn The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (also known as the Quorum of the Twelve, the First Presidency The First Presidency (also called the Quorum of the Presidency of the Church or simply the Presidency) is the presiding or governing authority By the time he was called to the apostleship in 1866 at the age of 27, he had served three separate missions for the church. (Hawaii 1854-57; Great Britain 1860-63; Hawaii 1864)
On July 1, 1866, Smith was ordained an apostle by Brigham Young and sustained as a counselor to the First Presidency, where he served until Young's death. The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Brigham Young (June 1 1801 &ndash August 29 1877 was an American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement. However, he was not sustained as a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles until the church's October conference of 1867. Quorum of the TwelveIn The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (also known as the Quorum of the Twelve, the On February 28, 1874, he left for his second mission to England, serving as President of the European Mission from 1874 to 1875, returning home upon the death of First Presidency member George A. Smith. Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common This article is about a geographical administrative area within the LDS Church George Albert Smith ( June 26 1817 &ndash September 1 1875) (commonly known as George A He was then called to preside over the Davis Stake until he left again in the spring of 1877 for his third mission to England. A stake is an administrative unit composed of multiple congregations in denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement. When news arrived of the death of Young, Smith was released and sent home. The following year he served an Eastern States Mission with Orson Pratt, visiting noteworthy places in the history of the church in Missouri, Ohio, New York and Illinois. Orson Pratt ( September 19, 1811 &ndash October 3, 1881) was a leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and an original member of the Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. During this trip they met with and interviewed David Whitmer. David Whitmer ( January 7, 1805 &ndash January 25, 1888) was an early adherent of the Latter Day Saint movement who eventually became
After Young's death, Smith was named second counselor in the First Presidency to church president John Taylor in October 1880, serving from 1880 to 1887. John Taylor ( November 1, 1808 &ndash July 25, 1887) was the third president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints He later served as second counselor to president Wilford Woodruff (1889-1898), and as second counselor to president Lorenzo Snow (1898-1901). Wilford Woodruff ( March 1, 1807 &ndash September 2, 1898) was the fourth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Lorenzo Snow ( April 3, 1814 – October 10, 1901) was the fifth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Smith was sustained as first counselor to Snow on the death of first counselor George Q. Cannon, but, as President Snow himself died only four days later, Smith never served in this position. George Quayle Cannon ( January 11, 1827 &ndash April 12, 1901) was an early member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The He succeeded Snow as president of the Salt Lake Temple and served in this capacity until 1911, when he transferred this responsibility to Anthon H. Lund. Temple president is a priesthood leadership position in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The Salt Lake Temple is the largest (of more than 120 and best-known temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Anthon Henrik Lund ( 15 May 1844 – 2 March 1921) was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and the First Presidency
Smith also served as editor of the Improvement Era and Juvenile Instructor, and general superintendent of the Sunday School and Young Men's Mutual Improvement Association. The Improvement Era (often shortened to The Era) was an official magazine of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church between The Juvenile Instructor was an official periodical of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church between 1901 and 1930 Sunday School is an official Auxiliary organization of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church The Young Men (often referred to incorrectly as Young Men's) is a youth organization and an official auxiliary of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Smith felt it was important for Utah to become a state, and thereby eliminate the ongoing federal supervision of the Utah Territory. Following the official discontinuance of new plural marriages by Wilford Woodruff in 1890, and the dissolution of the Mormon People's Party in 1891, Smith championed the anti-polygamy Republican party in Utah. See also Latter Day Saint polygamy in the late 19th century The "1890 Manifesto", sometimes simply called "The Manifesto", is a statement Wilford Woodruff ( March 1, 1807 &ndash September 2, 1898) was the fourth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day The People's Party was a Political party in Utah Territory during the late 19th century
Church President
Smith was chosen by the twelve apostles and set apart as President of the Church on October 17, 1901. Setting apart is an ordinance or ritual in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints whereby a person is formally chosen and blessed to carry out a specific This was ratified by a special conference and solemn assembly of the priesthood on Sunday November 10, 1901. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting He chose as his counselors John R. Winder a native of Great Britain and Anthon H. Lund a native of Denmark. Anthon Henrik Lund ( 15 May 1844 – 2 March 1921) was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and the First Presidency This created a truly international church leadership, although both these men had resided for many years in Utah. After John Winder died, Joseph F. 's second cousin John Henry Smith became his counselor. John Henry Smith ( September 18, 1848 &ndash October 13, 1911) was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and the First
Joseph F. Smith gave more influence to the Presiding Patriarch of the church than had any president since Joseph Smith. In the Latter Day Saint movement, the Presiding Patriarch (also called Presiding Evangelist, Patriarch over the Church, Patriarch of the Church This may have been due to the fact that his relationship to the presiding patriarch John Smith, his elder half-brother, was nearly the same as that between Joseph and his elder brother Hyrum. John Smith ( 22 September 1832 – 6 November 1911) was the fifth Presiding Patriarch of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day
Joseph F. Smith was the first church president to travel outside of North America while president of the church. In 1906 he went on a tour to Europe.
One of the first issues he faced was the ongoing difficulties for the Church due to the practice of plural marriage. As Church President, Smith supported Mormon Apostle Reed Smoot's candidacy for the U. S. Senate. But Smoot's election was contested on the grounds that he was an officer in the Church. The Senate investigation again focused national attention on Mormon marriages and political influence. The Reed Smoot hearings ( Smoot hearings or Smoot Case) were a series of Congressional hearings on whether the United States Senate should seat U Following his appearance before a Senate panel in 1904, Smith took steps to prevent any surreptitious continuation of church plural marriages. On April 6, 1904, Smith issued the "Second Manifesto. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on The "Second Manifesto" was a 1904 declaration made by Joseph F " He also declared that any church officer who performed a plural marriage, as well as the offending couple, would be excommunicated. He clarified that the policy applied world-wide, and not just in North America. Two members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, John W. Taylor and Matthias F. Cowley, resigned in 1905 following the second manifesto. Quorum of the TwelveIn The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (also known as the Quorum of the Twelve, the John Whittaker Taylor ( May 15, 1858 &ndash October 10, 1916) was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church Matthias Foss Cowley ( 1858-08-25 &ndash 1940-06-16) born in Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles Smith, however, continued to live with his plural wives after the 1890 and the 1905 manifestos. In 1906, Smith was brought to trial on a charge of unlawful cohabitation with four women in addition to his lawful wife; he pleaded guilty and was fined $300, the maximum penalty then permitted under the law. Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Cohabitation is when people live together in an emotionally- and/or physically- Intimate relationship. [2]
Smith's seventeen year administration made efforts toward improving the Church's damaged relationships with the federal government and related issues dealing with the Church's financial situation. The administration acquired historic sites, constructed numerous meetinghouses, and expanded the church system of educational academies and universities. He also oversaw a continued growth in Church membership.
Smith died of pneumonia on November 19, 1918, and was succeeded by President Heber J. Grant. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Heber Jeddy Grant ( November 22, 1856 &ndash May 14, 1945) was the seventh president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Due to the widespread influenza pandemic of 1918-1920, a graveside service, rather than a public funeral, was held. The 1918 flu pandemic (commonly referred to as the Spanish flu) was an Influenza Pandemic that spread to nearly every part of the world Smith was interred in the Salt Lake City cemetery on November 22, 1918. Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
Smith is often remembered as church president for the construction and dedication of Joseph Smith Birthplace Memorial in South Royalton, Vermont on 1905-12-23 and the Seagull Monument at Temple Square in Salt Lake City, Utah on October 1, 1913. Joseph Smith Birthplace Memorial is a Granite Obelisk on a hill in the White River Valley near Sharon and South Royalton, Vermont Royalton is a town in Windsor County, Vermont Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 962 - Byzantine-Arab Wars: Under the future Emperor Nicephorus Phocas, Byzantine troops stormed the city Temple Square The Seagull Monument is a small monument situated immediately in front of the Salt Lake Assembly Hall on Temple Square Temple Square is a ten acre (40000 m² complex located in Salt Lake City, Utah, owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the Mormon Salt Lake City is the Capital and the most populous city of the U Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In 1913, Boy Scouting became the official youth activity program for the church's young men. During much of his presidential tenure, Smith oversaw the planning and construction of the Laie Hawaii Temple in Lā'ie, Hawai'i, one of his part-time residences. Laie Hawaii Temple is a temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church located on the northeast shore of the Hawaiian island of Lāie is a community and a Census-designated place (CDP located in the Koolauloa District on the Island of O{{okina}}ahu, City & County of Honolulu. Smith died on November 19, 1918, a year before his beloved Laie Hawaii Temple—the fifth temple since the restoration—was to be dedicated. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common He left a body of religious writings often used in discussing church doctrine and religious conduct.
Doctrinal contributions
During his administration as President of the Church, President Smith issued two significant additions to Latter-day Saint doctrine:
- "The Father and the Son": On June 20, 1916, the First Presidency and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles issued a statement examining the LDS use of the term "Father" in scripture, clarifying times when the word referred to God the Father and when the word referred to Jesus Christ. Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year First Presidency The First Presidency (also called the Quorum of the Presidency of the Church or simply the Presidency) is the presiding or governing authority Quorum of the TwelveIn The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (also known as the Quorum of the Twelve, the Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) The statement identified four different uses of the word "Father. " God the Father is the literal parent of the spirits of mankind and the earthly father of Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ is referred to as "the Father" when discussing his role as creator of the earth, when he acts as "the Father" of those who abide in his gospel, and when he acts with the authority of his Heavenly Father while on earth. After 1921, to lessen confusion on the nature of the Godhead, portions of Joseph Smith, Jr. 's "Lectures on Faith' dealing with the Holy Ghost were removed from the Doctrine and Covenants, a modern LDS scripture. In mainstream Christianity, the Holy Spirit or Holy Ghost is one of the three entities of the Holy Trinity which make up the single substance The Doctrine and Covenants (sometimes abbreviated and cited as D&C) is a part of the open scriptural canon of several denominations of the
- "Vision of the Redemption of the Dead": On October 3, 1918, President Smith received a revelation on the nature of the spirit world and on Jesus Christ's role in ensuring that the gospel is taught to all men, living and dead. A written account of the revelation was submitted to the General Authorities on October 31, 1918 and was unanimously accepted. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The revelation was initially published in December 1918, and was added to the Pearl of Great Price, an LDS scripture, in April 1976; it has since been removed from the Pearl of Great Price and added to the Doctrine and Covenants as Section 138. The Pearl of Great Price is part of the standard works of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church see also Mormonism) and some The Doctrine and Covenants (sometimes abbreviated and cited as D&C) is a part of the open scriptural canon of several denominations of the This revelation complemented an 1894 statement on the eternal nature of the family and appropriate work for the dead issued by President Wilford Woodruff. Wilford Woodruff ( March 1, 1807 &ndash September 2, 1898) was the fourth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Genealogy work by members of the LDS Church increased after both of these statements.
Funded by Lorenzo N. Stohl, the sermons and writings of Joseph F. Smith were compiled by John A. Widtsoe, Osborne J. P. Widtsoe, Albert E. Bowen, F. S. Harris and Joseph Quinney. In 1919, the "Committee on Study for the Priesthood Quorums of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints" had this work published as the book "Gospel Doctrine", for use as instruction for Melchizedek Priesthood quorums of the church.
Works
- Smith, Joseph F. (1981). in Hyrum M. Smith III and Scott G. Kenney. : From Prophet to Sons: Advice from Joseph F. Smith to His Missionary Sons. Deseret Book Company.
- Smith, Joseph F. (1919). Gospel Doctrine: Selections from the Sermons and Writings of Joseph F. Smith. Deseret News Press.
- Smith, Joseph F. (1909). Origin of the "Reorganized" Church.
- Smith, Joseph F. (1998). Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Joseph F. Teachings of Presidents of the Church is a series of books published by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Smith. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. LDS Church publication number 35744.
Notes
- ^ Smith was ordained an apostle and added to the First Presidency as a counselor. First Presidency The First Presidency (also called the Quorum of the Presidency of the Church or simply the Presidency) is the presiding or governing authority At the time of his call, there was not vacancy in the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles or the First Presidency.
- ^ Deseret Evening News, November 23, 1906; Salt Lake Tribune, November 24, 1906.
References
- Allen, James B. and Leonard, Glen M. "The Story of the Latter-day Saints. " Deseret Book Co. , Salt Lake City, UT, 1976. ISBN 0-87747-594-6.
- Ludlow, Daniel H. , Editor. "Church History, Selections from the Encyclopedia of Mormonism. " Deseret Book Company, Salt Lake City, UT, 1992. ISBN 0-87579-924-8.
- Nibley, Preston. "The Presidents of the Church" Deseret Book Company, Salt Lake City, UT, 1974. ISBN 0-87747-414-1.
- Smith, Joseph F. "Gospel Doctrine" Deseret Book Company, Salt Lake City, UT, 1977. ISBN 0-87747-663-2.
External links
| Preceded by Lorenzo Snow |
President of the LDS Church 17 October 1901–November 19, 1918 |
Succeeded by Heber J. Grant |
| Preceded by George Q. Cannon |
President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles April 21, 1901–17 October 1901 |
Succeeded by Brigham Young, Jr. |
| Preceded by George Q. Cannon |
Quorum of the Twelve Apostles July 1, 1866–17 October 1901 |
Succeeded by Brigham Young, Jr. |
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