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Joseph Emin (Armenian: Հովսեփ էմին, Hovsep Emin) (1726 - August 2, 1809, Calcutta), was a prominent figure of the Armenian national liberation movement who travelled to various European countries and Russia in order to secure support for the liberation of Armenia from Persia and the Ottoman Empire. The Armenian language (hy հայերեն լեզու hajɛɹɛn lɛzu —, conventional short form) is an Indo-European language spoken by the Armenian Year 1726 ( MDCCXXVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Year 1809 ( MDCCCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Armenians (Հայեր Hayer) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and in the Armenian Highlands A large The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish

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Early life

Emin was Born in Hamadan, Persia, in 1726 at a time when the empire was in turmoil, following the Afghan occupation of Isfahan and the fall of the Safavids. Hamedān or Hamadān ( Persian: همدان, Old Persian: Hagmatana Hebrew: המזיין Ancient Greek: Ecbatana) Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, Esfahān or Isfahan (historically also rendered as Ispahan or Hispahan, Old Persian: Aspadana, Middle Persian: Spahān The Safavids ( صفوی) were an Iranian ref>Helen Chapin Metz As a child Emin had witnessed firsthand the troubles of his family and other Christians at the hands of local Muslim officials. In 1744 Emin moved to India to join his merchant father in Calcutta. Year 1744 ( MDCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a As a young man, not unlike Israel Ori before him, Emin resolved to dedicate his life to the liberation of Armenia. Israel Ori (Իսրաել Օրի (1658-1711 was a prominent figure of the Armenian national liberation movement and a diplomat that sought the liberation of Armenia When he came into contact with the British military in Calcutta, he realized that the Armenians needed both education and skill in the contemporary Western art of warfare if they hoped to regain independence.

Life in England

In 1751, against his fathers wishes Emin left for London. Year 1751 ( MDCCLI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. His first four years there were filled with misery and hard labour, and he was deprived of any financial assistance from his father. However in 1755 Emin experienced a turning point in his life. Year 1755 ( MDCCLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or He met and befriended Edmund Burke, the future British statesman and the political writer, with whose support he gained access to the circles of British intellectuals and nobility. Edmund Burke ( 12 January, 1729 9 July, 1797) was an Irish statesman author orator Political theorist, and He received sponsorship from Hugh Percy the Duke of Northumberland and was admitted to the Royal Military Academy in Woolwich, where he remained for thirteenth months after which he enlisted as a volunteer in the British and Prussian armies during their war against France in order to gain practical experience. Hugh Percy 1st Duke of Northumberland, KG PC (c 1714 – June 6 1786 was the son of Langdale Smithson. The Duke of Northumberland is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. Woolwich (ˈwʊlɪtʃ or /ˈwʊlɪdʒ/ is a suburb in south-east London, England in the London Borough of Greenwich, on the south side of the River

Initial efforts to liberate Armenia

Emin left London in 1759 and traveled to Echmiadzin, passing through the Armenian areas of the Ottoman Empire on his way. Year 1759 ( MDCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year His initial strategy for liberating Armenia involved attempting to motivate the Catholicos of Echmiadzin toward the idea of first liberating Ottoman Armenia and then Persian Armenia and then proceeding to secure the cooperation of the Armenian meliks of Karabagh and King Erekle II of Georgia, who, after the death of Nadir Shah, had liberated his country from the Persian yoke and reestablished the Georgian Kingdom. The Catholicos of All Armenians (plural Catholicoi, due to its Greek origin is the Chief Bishop of Armenia 's national church the Armenian For the republic see Artsakh Republic Artsakh (Արցախ was the tenth nahang (province of the Kingdom of Armenia Erekle II (ერეკლე II ( November 7, 1720, or October 7, 1721 to [[Cyril Toumanoff|C Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between Nāder Shāh Afshār ( also known as Nāder Qoli Beg - نادر قلی بیگ or Tahmāsp Qoli Khān - تهماسپ قلی خان) (November However Emin was disappointed with the ignorance of the Armenian clergy and the passive and apathetic leadership. He decided to return to London to pursue other avenues for his liberation plans.

A new hope

Emin returned to England in early 1761 from where he secured passage to Russia from Prince Golitsyn, the Russian Ambassador to England. Year 1761 ( MDCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a In St. Petersburg he met with the Russian Imperial Chancellor, Count Vorontsov to whom he presented his plans to go to Georgia, enter the service of King Erekle II, and help liberate Armenia. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Count Mikhail Illarionovich Vorontsov (Russian Михаи́л Илларио́нович Воронцо́в 1714–1767 was a Russian statesman and Diplomat, who Emin entered Tiflis in 1763 with a letter of recommendation from Count Voronstov to King Erekle II and accompanied by a large group of Armenian volunteers who had joined him from Armenian settlements in the North Caucasus. Tbilisi (ˌtbiˈliːsi in Georgian: თბილისი is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari Year 1763 ( MDCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The North Caucasus, also Ciscaucasus, Ciscaucasia or Forecaucasia, is the northern part of the Caucasus region between Europe In Tiflis Emin stressed to the king the historical links between the Armenian and Georgian peoples and the monarchs legitimate rights to extend his rule over his ancestral lands (see Origin of the Bagratid dynasties), assuring him that a small but disciplined army could easily cross over into Armenia, where a general revolt against Persian and Ottoman rule would take place. The Origin of the Bagratid dynasties – Bagratuni (Բագրատունյաց in Armenia and Bagrationi (ბაგრატიონთა Tens of thousands of volunteer fighters, mostly gathered by Hovhan, the head of the religious order of St. Karapet Monastery in Moush, Western Armenia, would assist him in defeating the Muslim forces, allowing the establishment of a joint Kingdom of Armenia and Georgia. While King Erekle initially showed some interest in Emin's plans he eventually saw Emin as a challenger and a few months after his arrival into Tiflis Emin was forced to leave Georgia and cross into the Northern Caucasus. Emin remained in the region for the following five years, spending a lot of time among the mountain tribes, with whose assistance he was finally able to reach Karabagh and the mountainous Zangezur region in Armenia where he tried to pursue his liberation plans with the local Armenian nobles and the Armenian Bishop of Gandzasar. Realizing he needed the help of the Georgian king for any hope of success, he returned briefly to Georgia again only to be ordered to leave.

Return to India

After his second failed attempt to persuade King Erekle, Emin left Georgia, and passing through Armenia and Persia, returned to India in 1770, where he tried to secure financial support from Armenian merchants to go back to Armenia to maintain a 'few troops' there. Year 1770 ( MDCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Friday But facing clerical opposition again, he failed. Bitterly disillusioned, he rejoined the British Army under Warren Hastings. Warren Hastings ( December 6 1732 - August 22 1818) was the first Governor-General of Bengal, from 1773 to 1785 Emin remained in India for the rest of the his life, and devoted his time and energy to keeping the idea of the liberation of Armenia alive. Emin wrote his memoirs where he described all his numerous and dangerous adventures. for other uses see Memoir (disambiguation As a literary Genre, a memoir (from the French: mémoire The book was entitled as Life and Adventures of Joseph Emin, 1726-1809, written by himself, and first published in London in 1792. Year 1792 ( MDCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year A second edition was prepared and published in Calcutta in 1918 by Emin's great granddaughter who added all the preserved letters written by Emin in English.

References

External links

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