Jorge Mario Cardinal Bergoglio, SJ (born December 17, 1936) is an Argentine prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order Events 546 - Gothic War (535–554: The Ostrogoths of King Totila Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. A prelate is a high-ranking member of the Clergy who either is an Ordinary or ranks in precedence with ordinaries He currently serves as Archbishop of Buenos Aires, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 2001. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Buenos Aires ( Archidioecesis Bonaerensis) is an ecclesiastical territory or Diocese of the Roman Catholic Church based A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar.
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Early life
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Jorge Bergoglio was born in Buenos Aires, as one of the five children of an Italian railway worker and his wife. A style of office, or honorific, is a term which by Tradition or Law precedes a reference to a person who holds a post or Title, or to the The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Buenos Aires ( Archidioecesis Bonaerensis) is an ecclesiastical territory or Diocese of the Roman Catholic Church based Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is geographically located on the southern shore of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. After studying at the seminary in Villa Devoto, he entered the Society of Jesus on March 11, 1958. A seminary, theological college, or divinity school is a specialized and often live-in Higher education institution for the purpose of instructing students Villa Devoto is a barrio or district in the northern part of Buenos Aires, Argentina, located in the area defined by Campana San Martín avenue Francisco The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Bergoglio obtained a licentiate in philosophy from the Colegio Máximo San José in San Miguel, and then taught literature and psychology at the Colegio de la Inmaculada in Santa Fe, and the Colegio del Salvador in Buenos Aires. Licentiate (from Latin licentia docendi = permission/right to teach is the title of a person who holds an Academic degree called a License. Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language San Miguel is situated in the northwest region of Greater Buenos Aires, 30 km from the capital. Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter Psychology (from Greek grc ψῡχή psȳkhē, "breath life soul" and grc -λογία -logia) is an Academic and Santa Fe is the capital city of province of Santa Fe, Argentina. The Universidad del Salvador (USAL is a Catholic University in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He was ordained to the priesthood on December 13, 1969 by Archbishop Ramón José Castellano. In a general sense the term Holy Orders refers to those in the Christian religion who have been ordained in Apostolic Succession. The ministerial orders of the Catholic Church includes both the orders of bishops and presbyters, which in Latin is sacerdos. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He was attending the Philosophical and Theological Faculty of San Miguel, a seminary in San Miguel. Eventually, Bergoglio attained the position of novice master there and became professor of theology. Theology is the study of a god or the gods from a religious perspective
Impressed with his leadership skills, the Society of Jesus promoted Bergoglio and he served as provincial for Argentina from 1973 to 1979. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) He was later transferred in 1980 to become the rector of his seminary alma mater. Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) The word rector ("ruler" from the Latin regere and Rector meaning "Teacher" In Latin has a number of different meanings but all of them indicate an academic Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval He served in that capacity until 1986. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) He flew to Germany to complete his doctoral dissertation and returned to his homeland to serve as confessor and spiritual director in Córdoba. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Córdoba, abbreviated as CBA, is a city located near the geographical center of Argentina, in the foothills of the Sierras Chicas mountains on the
Episcopacy
Generally a rarity for a Jesuit in non-missionary countries, Bergoglio became Auxiliary Bishop of Buenos Aires and was appointed to the titular see of historical Auca. See also Bishop (Catholic Church An auxiliary bishop, in the Roman Catholic Church, is an additional bishop assigned to a Diocese because Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is geographically located on the southern shore of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern A titular see in the Roman Catholic Church is a Diocese or Archdiocese that now exists in title only He was consecrated to the episcopacy on June 27, 1992. Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) When it was becoming clear that Antonio Quarracino would soon end his term in office, Bergoglio was appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Buenos Aires on February 28, 1998. Antonio Quarracino ( 1923-08-08 &ndash 1998-02-28) was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church of Argentina and the Archbishop Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) He effectively took over the duties of the ailing Cardinal Quarracino.
When Cardinal Quarracino departed from service, Bergoglio succeeded him on February 28, 1998. Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) He was concurrently named ordinary for Eastern Catholics in Argentina, who lacked their own prelate. In those hierarchically organised churches of Western Christianity which have an ecclesiastical law system an ordinary is an officer of the church who by reason of office This article refers to Eastern Churches in full communion with the Holy See A prelate is a high-ranking member of the Clergy who either is an Ordinary or ranks in precedence with ordinaries Pope John Paul II summoned the newly named archbishop to the consistory of February 21, 2001 in Vatican City. Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory There, the pope elevated Bergoglio with the papal honors of a cardinal. He was named to the titular church of Saint Robert Bellarmine. Robert Bellarmine ( Roberto Francesco Romolo Cardinale Bellarmino) (4 October 1542 Montepulciano, Siena, Italy – 17 September 1621
Cardinal
As cardinal, Bergoglio was appointed to several administrative positions in the Roman Curia. The Roman Curia is the administrative apparatus of the Holy See and the central governing body of the entire Roman Catholic Church, together with the Pope He served on the Congregation of Clergy, Congregation of Divine Worship and Sacraments, Congregation of Institutes of Consecrated Life and the Congregation of Societies of Apostolic Life. Bergoglio became a member of the Commission on Latin American and the Family Council.
As Cardinal, Bergoglio has become known for personal humility, doctrinal conservatism and a commitment to social justice. A simple lifestyle has contributed to his reputation for humility. He lives in a small apartment, rather than in the palatial bishop's residence. He gave up his chauffeured limousine in favor of public transportation, and he reportedly cooks his own meals.
Bergoglio is an accomplished theologian who distanced himself from liberation theology early in his career. Liberation theology is a school of Theology within Christianity, particularly in the Roman Catholic He is thought to be close to Comunione e Liberazione, a conservative lay movement. Communion and Liberation, or CL is a lay ecclesial movement within the Catholic Church. He has affirmed church teaching on homosexuality, though he teaches the importance of respecting individuals who are gay. His doctrinal conservatism is tempered with compassion: he is well remembered for his 2001 visit to a hospice, in which he washed and kissed the feet of twelve AIDS patients.
Although he consistently preaches a message of compassion towards the poor, some observers have been disappointed that he does not place a greater emphasis on issues of social justice. Rather than articulating positions on matters of political economy, Bergoglio prefers to emphasize spirituality and holiness, believing that this will naturally lead to greater concern for the suffering of the poor. He has, however, voiced support for social programs, and publicly challenged free-market policies.
Upon the death of Pope John Paul II, Bergoglio was summoned to Vatican City to participate in the 2005 papal conclave as a cardinal elector. Papal election process for 2005 See also Papal election Presiding over the conclave was the Dean of the College of Cardinals, Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger Roman Curia Francis Arinze, Prefect of Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments William Baum, Major Penitentiary Although Bergoglio was considered papabile himself, the conclave selected Pope Benedict XVI. Papabile /pa'pabile/ ( pl papabili) is an unofficial Italian term first coined by Vaticanologists and now used internationally Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger Earlier, he had participated in the funeral of Pope John Paul II and acted as a regent alongside the College of Cardinals, governing the Holy See and the Roman Catholic Church during the interregnum sede vacante period. The funeral of Pope John Paul II was held on April 8 2005, six days after his death on April 2. A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not because the ruler is a minor The College of Cardinals (verbose Sacred College of the Holy Roman Church, Sancta Romana Ecclesia, S An interregnum (plural interregna or interregnums) is a period of discontinuity of a government organization or social order Sede vacante is the vacancy of the Episcopal see of a Particular church in the Canon law of the Roman Catholic Church.
During the 2005 Synod of Bishops, he was elected member of the Post-Synodal council. Catholic journalist John Allen reported that Bergoglio had been a frontrunner in the 2005 Conclave. John Allen may refer to Artists John Allen (guitarist, member of The Nashville Teens Politicians An unauthorized diary of uncertain authenticity released in September 2005 (1) further affirmed that Bergogolio was the runner-up and main challenger of Cardinal Ratzinger during the conclave. The purported diary of the anonymous cardinal claimed Bergoglio received 40 votes during the third ballot, but fell back to 26 at the fourth and decisive ballot.
On 2005-11-08 Bergoglio was elected President of the Argentine Episcopal Conference for a three-year term (2005–2008) by a large majority of the Argentine bishops, which according to reports confirms his local leadership and the international prestige earned by his alleged performance in the conclave. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
Human Rights complaint
- See also: Dirty War
On 15 April 2005, a human rights lawyer filed a criminal complaint against Argentine cardinal Bergoglio, accusing him of conspiring with the junta in 1976 to kidnap two Jesuit priests. This article refers to the Argentine Dirty War for the British film of the same name see Dirty War (film. Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order So far, no hard evidence has been presented linking the cardinal to this crime. It is known that the cardinal was the superior figure in the Society of Jesus of Argentina during 1976 and had asked the two priests to leave their pastoral work following conflict within the Society over how to respond to the new military dictatorship, with some priests advocating a violent overthrow. Bergoglio's spokesman has flatly denied the allegations. [1]
The complaint was filed as the Roman Catholic Conclave prepared to convene to select a new pope, likely as a means of protesting Bergoglio's candidacy. A papal conclave is a meeting of the College of Cardinals to elect the Pope (or Bishop of Rome) who is considered by Catholics to be the Successor
Other functions of Cardinal Bergoglio
- Member of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments. The Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments ( Congregatio de Cultu Divino et Disciplina Sacramentorum) is the congregation of the
- Member of the Congregation for the Clergy. The Sacred Congregation for the Clergy ( Congregatio pro Clericis) is the congregation of the Roman Curia responsible for overseeing matters regarding
- Member of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life. The Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life ( Congregatio pro Institutis Vitae Consecratae et Societatibus Vitae Apostolicae) is the
- Member of the Pontifical Council for the Family. The Pontifical Council for the Family is part of the Curia of the Roman Catholic Church.
| Preceded by Antonio Quarracino |
Archbishop of Buenos Aires 1998-present |
Succeeded by Incumbent |
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