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Jonkheer (female equivalent: Jonkvrouw) is a Dutch honorific of nobility. The Dutch people ( Dutch:) are the dominant Ethnic group of the Netherlands. An honorific is a word or expression that conveys esteem or respect when used in addressing or referring to a person Its best-known use among English-speaking people is as the root of the name of the city of Yonkers, New York. Yonkers is the fourth largest city in the US State of New York (behind Rochester, Buffalo, and New York City) and the largest city in

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Honorific of nobility

"Jonkheer" or "Jonkvrouw" is literally translated as "young lord" or "young lady", or "esquire". A Lady is a Woman who is the counterpart of a Lord, as opposed to lady, the counterpart of a Gentleman. Esquire (abbreviated Esq) is a term of British origin originally used to denote social status In medieval times such a person was a young and unmarried son or daughter of a high ranking knight or nobleman. However, in the low countries (and other parts of continental Europe) only the head of most noble families did and does carry a title and inheritability of it is via the male lineage. This resulted therefore that most of the nobility was and is nowadays untitled in the Netherlands and Belgium. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Jonkheer, or its female equivalent jonkvrouw developed therefore quite early into a different but general meaning, i. e. an honorific to show that someone does belong to the nobility, but does not possess a title. The abbreviation jhr. , or jkvr. for women, is placed in front of the name (preceding academic, but not state titles).

The honorific could be compared more or less with "Edler" in Austria or "Junker" in Germany - though due to circumstances of German and especially Prussian history, "Junker" assumed connotations of militarism absent from the Dutch equivalent. Edler (Edler von was until 1919 the lowest title of Nobility in Austria-Hungary and Germany, just beneath a Ritter, but above nobles without Junkers (English pronunciation ə German pronunciation kɐ were the Landed nobility of Prussia and eastern Germany. Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state Militarism is the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or Comparing it with the English nobility, it entirely depends on the ranking of the person. It could be roughly translated into English as:

Sons or daughters of most (non-royal, noble) princes, dukes and marquesses in the low countries carry noble titles other than the honorific Jonkheer or Jonkvrouw. Sir is an Honorific used as a title (see Knight) and in several other modern contexts Sir is an Honorific used as a title (see Knight) and in several other modern contexts A Lady is a Woman who is the counterpart of a Lord, as opposed to lady, the counterpart of a Gentleman. A Lady is a Woman who is the counterpart of a Lord, as opposed to lady, the counterpart of a Gentleman.

The spouse of a jonkheer is not named Jonkvrouw but "Mevrouw". Translated into English this means Madam, abbreviated as "Mrs. Madam, Madame, ma'am, or Mme is a Title for a Woman. It is derived from the French madame (see different " (with the use of her husband's name). However, if she is a jonkvrouw in her own right, she can be styled as such (together with her maiden name), unless she chooses to use the name of her husband.

Title of nobility

Although jonkheer is not an official Dutch title, as stated above, some families nevertheless use it as such, most notably the Royal Family with the title Jonkheer van Amsberg. The Netherlands has been an independent Monarchy since 16 March 1815, and has been governed by members of the House of Orange-Nassau Prince Claus of the Netherlands Jonkheer of Amsberg ( September 6 1926 – October 6 2002) was a German-born aristocrat who became

Often however these titles are not acceded by the modern monarchy, either because the family is registered as untitled nobility and may thus only use the honorific, or because the family has never requested to be registered but possesses a grant of nobility which predates the founding of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815; the latter are often Habsburg in origin. Ennoblement is the conferring of Nobility —the induction of an individual into the noble class. The Netherlands and The Kingdom of the Netherlands are two distinct geographical and administrative entities These families use this title by means of courtesy and are often styled Edler X or Junker X instead of Jonkheer and do not use the abbreviation, but instead use the form "Name edler/junker X". A courtesy title is a form of address in systems of Nobility used by children former wives and other close relatives of a peer.

Coronet

The coronet of rank for untitled nobility in the Netherlands is the same as that of a hereditary knight: a plain circlet of gold with eight pearls, five of which are seen in a representation, all on golden points. A coronet is a small crown consisting of ornaments fixed on a metal ring Knight is the English term for a social position originating in the Middle Ages.

Acceded titles use the same coronet of rank as hereditary knights, described above. A coronet is a small crown consisting of ornaments fixed on a metal ring Non-acceded titles can not officially use a coronet of rank and thus use the coronet that they have been historically awarded, if any at all.

Nickname

Jonkheer's most well-known use among English-speaking people is as the root of the name of the city of Yonkers, New York. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Yonkers is the fourth largest city in the US State of New York (behind Rochester, Buffalo, and New York City) and the largest city in The word was likely a nickname, as opposed to an honorific, associated with Adriaen van der Donck; a young Dutch landowner in the New Netherlands. Adriaen Cornelissen van der Donck (c 1618 – c 1655 was a Lawyer and landowner in New Netherland after whose Honorific Jonkheer New Netherland (Dutch Nieuw-Nederland, Latin Novum Belgium or Nova Belgica) 1614–1674 is the name of the former Dutch territory on the eastern coast While his business ventures largely proved less than successful, the city of Yonkers takes its name from his legacy.

The word, in reference to van der Donck, is variously spelled among modern scholars. In Thomas F. O’Donnell’s introduction to a translation of van der Donck’s A Description of the New Netherland, it is suggested that van der Donck was known as “The Joncker”, a corruption of the proper Dutch “jonkheer”. Russell Shorto’s The Island at the Center of the World has “jonker”, while Edward Hagaman Hall’s book on Philipse Manor Hall uses “youncker”. Russell Shorto, born in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, is the Author of a Book on the Dutch origins of New York City: The Philipse Manor Hall State Historic Site is a historic house museum located in Yonkers, New York.

See also

References

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