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Jonathan Zittrain

Born 1969
Nationality American
Alma mater Yale University, Harvard Law School, John F. Kennedy School of Government
Occupation Professor
Employers University of Oxford, Harvard University, New York University
Website
http://people.oii.ox.ac.uk/z/
http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/people/jzittrain

Jonathan L. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Harvard Law School (also known as Harvard Law or HLS) is one of the professional Graduate schools of Harvard University. The John F Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University (also known as Harvard Kennedy School and HKS) is a Public policy and The University of Oxford (informally "Oxford University" or simply "Oxford" located in the city of Oxford, Oxfordshire, England is the New York University ( NYU) is a private, Nonsectarian, Coeducational Research University in New York City. Zittrain (born 1969) is an American professor of Internet law at the Oxford Internet Institute of the University of Oxford; co-founder, visiting professor and researcher at the Berkman Center for Internet & Society of Harvard University; visiting professor at the New York University School of Law; author, most recently, of The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It; and co-editor of the book Access Denied. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Cyber law (also referred to as Cyberlaw) describes the legal issues related to use of inter-networked information technology The Oxford Internet Institute ( OII) is a multi-disciplinary institute based at the University of Oxford, England, and housed in Balliol College Oxford The University of Oxford (informally "Oxford University" or simply "Oxford" located in the city of Oxford, Oxfordshire, England is the The Berkman Center for Internet and Society is a research center founded at Harvard Law School that focuses on the legal study of Cyberspace. See also New York Law School The New York University School of Law ( NYU Law) is the

Zittrain works in several intersections of the Internet with law and policy including intellectual property, censorship and filtering for content control and computer security. The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks Intellectual property ( IP) is a legal field that refers to creations of the mind such as musical literary and artistic works inventions and symbols names Internet censorship is control or suppression of the publishing or accessing of information on the Internet. Content-control software, also known as censorware or web filtering software, is a term for software designed and optimized for controlling what content This article describes how security can be achieved through design and engineering He founded an organization that develops classroom tools. A renowned scholar and speaker, Zittrain is considered to be a member of the intelligentsia and in the vanguard. For the coffee shop company often called Intelligentsia for short see Intelligentsia Coffee & Tea. [1][2]

Contents

Family and education

Zittrain speaking at iSummit07
Zittrain speaking at iSummit07

Zittrain is the son of two attorneys, Ruth A. Zittrain and Lester E. Zittrain, who was the personal attorney of professional football star Joe Greene. American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with Charles Edward Greene, known as "Mean Joe" Greene, (born September 24, 1946) is a former all-pro American football Defensive tackle In 2004 with Jennifer K. Harrison, he published The Torts Game: Defending Mean Joe Greene, a book the authors dedicated to their parents. [3] Zittrain is sometimes referred to as "JZ". [4]

Zittrain graduated in 1987 from Shady Side Academy, a private school in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Shady Side Academy is an Independent school in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, United States. [5] He holds a bachelor's summa cum laude in cognitive science and artificial intelligence from Yale University, 1991, a J.D. magna cum laude from Harvard Law School, 1995, and a master's in public administration from Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government, 1995. Cognitive science may be broadly defined as the multidisciplinary study of mind and behavior Juris Doctor (abbreviated JD or JD, from the Latin, Teacher of Law) is a first professional graduate degree and Professional Harvard Law School (also known as Harvard Law or HLS) is one of the professional Graduate schools of Harvard University. Public administration can be broadly described as the development implementation and study of branches of government Policy. The John F Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University (also known as Harvard Kennedy School and HKS) is a Public policy and [6][7]

He was law clerk for Stephen F. Williams of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit and served with the U. Stephen F Williams (born 1936) is a Senior Circuit Judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, known informally as the D S. Department of Justice and in 1991 with the Department of State and at the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence in 1992 and 1994. For animal rights group see Justice Department (JD The United States Department of Justice ( DOJ) is a Cabinet department The United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (sometimes referred to as SSCI) is [8] A longtime sysop for an online service, Zittrain served as chief administrator for CompuServe's forum for its administrators. CompuServe, ( CompuServe Information Service, also known by its acronym CIS) was the first major commercial Online service in the United States [7]

Later career

Zittrain in 2008
Zittrain in 2008

Zittrain joined the staff of the University of Oxford in Oxford in the United Kingdom as of September 2005. Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire, The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located [9] He holds the Chair in Internet Governance and Regulation, is a principal of the Oxford Internet Institute, and is a Professorial Fellow of Keble College, which has developed a particular interest in computer science and public policy. The Oxford Internet Institute ( OII) is a multi-disciplinary institute based at the University of Oxford, England, and housed in Balliol College Oxford Keble College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. [9] In the U. S. , he is also the Jack N. & Lillian R. Berkman Visiting Professor for Entrepreneurial Legal Studies at Harvard Law School in Cambridge, Massachusetts and director and founder with Charles Nesson of its Berkman Center for Internet & Society. Harvard Law School (also known as Harvard Law or HLS) is one of the professional Graduate schools of Harvard University. Cambridge Massachusetts is a City in the Greater Boston area of Massachusetts, United States. Charles Rothwell Nesson (born February 11, 1939) is the William F The Berkman Center for Internet and Society is a research center founded at Harvard Law School that focuses on the legal study of Cyberspace. Zittrain was a visiting professor at the Stanford Law School in 2007[10] and is a visiting professor at New York University School of Law in New York City for the spring 2008 semester. Stanford Law School is a graduate school at Stanford University located near Palo Alto California, United States, in Silicon Valley See also New York Law School The New York University School of Law ( NYU Law) is the The City of New York

Zittrain taught or taught with others Harvard's courses on Cyberlaw: Internet Points of Control, The Exploding Internet: Building A Global Commons in Cyberspace, Torts, Internet & Society: The Technologies and Politics of Control, The Law of Cyberspace, The Law of Cyberspace: Social Protocols, Privacy Policy, The Microsoft Case and The High Tech Entrepreneur. [11] He searched for novel ways to use technology unobtrusively in the classroom,[12] founded H2O[13] at Harvard and used the system to teach his classes. Students are polled, assigned opposing arguments and use H2O to develop their writing skills. Students enrolled in his The Internet and Society class could participate both orally and via the Internet. A teaching fellow seated in the classroom supplied him with the email comments received from students in real time. [14]

He has been critical of the process used by ICANN, the International Telecommunication Union and the World Summit on the Information Society. ICANN (aɪkæn eye-can is the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers. The World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS was a pair of United Nations -sponsored conferences about Information, Communication and in broad terms [15] Although he describes their approach as in some ways simple and even naive, Zittrain sees more hope in the open Internet Engineering Task Force model and in the ethical code and assumption of good faith that govern Wikipedia. ***************************************************************************************** * * [16] He wrote in 2008, "Wikipedia—with the cooperation of many Wikipedians—has developed a system of self-governance that has many indicia of the rule of law without heavy reliance on outside authority or boundary. "[16]

Internet filtering

Zittrain speaking
Zittrain speaking

The OpenNet Initiative (ONI) monitors Internet censorship by national governments. The OpenNet Initiative is a joint project whose goal is to monitor and report on internet filtering and surveillance practices by nations Between 2001 and 2003 at Harvard's Berkman Center, Zittrain and Benjamin Edelman studied Internet filtering. In their tests during 2002, when Google had indexed almost 2. Google Inc is an American public corporation, earning revenue from advertising related to its Internet search, e-mail, online 5 billion pages, they found sites blocked, from approximately 100 in France and Germany to 2,000 in Saudi Arabia and 20,000 in China. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The authors published a statement of issues and a call for data that year. [17] Zittrain and his students co-founded Chilling Effects, a site that monitors cease and desist letters. [13] When its search results have been altered at the request of a national government, Google directs its users there. [12]

Building on the work done at the Berkman Center, ONI published special reports, case studies and bulletins beginning in 2004,[18] and as of 2008, offered research on filtering in 40 countries as well as by region of the world. [19] Today at ONI, with Ronald Deibert of the University of Toronto, John Palfrey who is the executive director of the Berkman Center, and Rafal Rohozinski of the University of Cambridge, Zittrain is a principal investigator. Ronald J Deibert (BA MA PhD is associate professor of political science at the University of Toronto, specializing in media technology and world politics and the This article is about the University of Toronto's St George Campus John Palfrey (born 1972) is Executive Director of the Berkman Center for Internet & Society, vice dean for library and information resources and a tenured professor The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the [20]

Copyright

On October 9, 2002, Zittrain and Lawrence Lessig argued a landmark case known as Eldred v. Ashcroft before the United States Supreme Court. Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Lawrence Lessig (born June 3 1961) is an American academic and political activist Eldred v Ashcroft, 537 US 186 (2003 challenged the constitutionality of the 1998 Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. As co-counsels for the plaintiff, they believed the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA) was excessive. The Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA of 1998 &ndash alternatively known as the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act, Sonny Bono Act, or Pejoratively [21] The court ruled 7–2 on January 15, 2003 to extend existing copyrights 20 years, from the life of the author plus 50 years to plus 70 years. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Copyright is a legal concept enacted by Governments, giving the creator of an original work of authorship Exclusive rights to control its distribution usually for In the words of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, the petitioners did "not challenge the CTEA's 'life-plus-70-years' time span itself. Ruth Joan Bader Ginsburg (born March 15 1933 Brooklyn New York) is an Associate Justice on the U They maintain that Congress went awry not with respect to newly created works, but in enlarging the term for published works with existing copyrights. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses " The court found that the act did "not exceed Congress' power" and that "CTEA's extension of existing and future copyrights does not violate the First Amendment". The First Amendment to the United States Constitution is part of the United States Bill of Rights that expressly prohibits the United States Congress [22] Zittrain said in 2003 he was concerned that Congress will hear the same arguments after the 20-year extension passes, and that the Internet is causing a "cultural reassessment of the meaning of copyright". [23]

In 2005, with Palfrey and William W. Fisher of Harvard, Zittrain filed an amicus brief in MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.[24] Twenty-eight entertainment companies lost their case when the Supreme Court ruled on June 23, 2005 that StreamCast Networks -- the makers of Morpheus, Grokster, and KaZaA, were not liable for copyright infringements "that may be committed by end-users of the tool". William "Terry" W Fisher III is the Hale and Dorr Professor of Intellectual Property Law at Harvard Law School and director of the Berkman Center for Internet Amicus curiae or amicus curiæ (plural amici curiae) is a Legal Latin phrase literally translated as "friend of the court" MGM Studios Inc v Grokster Ltd 545 US 913 ( 2005) is a United States Supreme Court decision in which the Court unanimously held that Events 1180 - First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan 1305 - The Flemish Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. StreamCast Networks, Inc is an American corporation specializing in Peer-to-peer software Morpheus was a File sharing and searching peer to peer client for Microsoft Windows, developed and distributed by the company StreamCast, that Grokster Ltd was a privately owned software company based in Nevis, West Indies that created the Grokster P2P file-sharing client in 2001 that utilized Kazaa Media Desktop (once capitalized as " KaZaA " but now usually written " Kazaa " is a Peer-to-peer File sharing application [25] Fred von Lohmann, senior staff attorney for the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) who defended StreamCast, published follow up material as did the EFF. Fred von Lohmann is an American lawyer a senior staff Attorney with the Electronic Frontier Foundation, specializing in The Electronic Frontier Foundation ( EFF) is an international non-profit advocacy and legal organization based in the United States with the stated purpose of being dedicated [26][25]

Security

Zittrain and Lawrence Lessig speaking at Google in 2008
Zittrain and Lawrence Lessig speaking at Google in 2008

After Zittrain joined the staff at Oxford, Oxford and the Berkman Center founded StopBadware.org in 2006 to function as a clearinghouse for what has become proliferation of malware. Lawrence Lessig (born June 3 1961) is an American academic and political activist StopBadwareorg is a consumer-oriented Nonprofit organization aimed at fighting malicious software or "badware" Malware, a Portmanteau word from the words '''mal'''icious and soft'''ware''', is software designed to infiltrate or damage a computer system without [27] Borrowing Wikipedia's "ethical code that encourages users to do the right thing rather than the required thing",[28] the organization wished to assign the task of data collection—and not analysis—about malware to Internet users at large. [27] When its scans find dangerous code, Google places StopBadware alerts in its search results and rescans later to determine whether a site had been cleaned. [29]

One of StopBadware's goals is to "preempt" the stifling of the Internet. [30] The founders think that centralized regulation could follow a serious Internet security breach, and that consumers might then choose to purchase closed, centrally managed solutions like tethered appliances that are modified by their vendor rather than owner, or might flee to services in walled gardens. In Zittrain's word, "generative" devices and platforms, including the Internet itself, offer an opening forward. [2] In 2007 he said, ". . . we're moving to software-as-service, which can be yanked or transformed at any moment. The ability of your PC to run independent code is an important safety valve. "[31]

Reactions in the Boston Review accompanied the publication of The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It in 2008. Support came from David D. Clark and Susan Crawford. David Dana Clark (born April 7, 1944) is an American Computer scientist. Susan P Crawford (born 1963 is a prominent media and Internet legal scholar and a Professor at the University of Michigan Law School. Criticism ranged from Richard Stallman's finding no evidence of a flight to closed systems and his message that software developers need control and software patents must end,[32] to a request for cost-benefit analysis[33] to the belief that netizenship won't scale to the business world[34] to faith that consumers will buy only open, non-proprietary systems. Richard Matthew Stallman (born March 16 1953 often abbreviated " rms " is an American software freedom activist [35]

Directed by Palfrey and Zittrain, StopBadware receives high-level guidance from its advisory board: Vint Cerf of Google, Esther Dyson, George He of Lenovo, Greg Papadopoulos of Sun Microsystems and Ari Schwartz of the Center for Democracy and Technology. Vinton Gray "Vint" Cerf His contributions have been recognized repeatedly with honorary degrees and awards that include the National Medal of Technology, and Esther Dyson (born 14 July, 1951, Zürich Switzerland) is a Journalist and commentator on emerging Digital technology, a founding Lenovo Group Limited (,) is China's largest and the world's fourth largest Personal computer manufacturer after Hewlett-Packard and Dell of the U Greg Papadopoulos PhD is the current Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer (CTO of Sun Microsystems. Sun Microsystems Inc ( is a multinational vendor of Computers computer components Computer software, and Information technology services The working group of Ben Adida, Scott Bradner, Beau Brendler, Jerry Gregoire, Eric L. Howes and Nart Villeneuve frames the project's research agenda and methodology and is the body who informs the public about StopBadware's work. [36] StopBadware is supported by AOL, Google, eBay/PayPal, Lenovo, Trend Micro and VeriSign and is advised by Consumer Reports WebWatch. eBay Inc is an American Internet company that manages eBaycom an Online auction and shopping Website in which people and businesses buy and PayPal is an E-commerce business allowing payments and Money transfers to be made through the Internet. Trend Micro ( is a global company headquartered in Tokyo, that develops Software and services to protect against Computer viruses Malware VeriSign Inc ( is an American company based in Mountain View California that operates a diverse array of network infrastructure including two of the [37]

Stock markets and spam

In 2006[38] or 2007 with Laura Freider of Purdue University, Zittrain published Spam Works: Evidence from Stock Touts and Corresponding Market Activity to document the manipulation of stock prices via spam email. E-mail spam, also known as "bulk e-mail" or "junk e-mail" is a subset of spam that involves nearly identical messages sent to numerous recipients by They found evidence that "stocks experience a significantly positive return on days prior to heavy touting via spam" and that "prolific spamming greatly affects the trading volume of a targeted stock". Apart from transaction costs, the spammer in some circumstances earned over 4% while the average investor who bought on the day of receipt of the spam would lose more than 5% if they sold two days later. [39] Frieder said in 2006 that she knew of no other explanation for their results but that people do follow the stock tips in their spam email. [38]

Recent publications

Notes

  1. ^ BayFF with Jonathan Zittrain. Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved on 2008-04-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer
  2. ^ a b Duffy Marsan, Carolyn. "How the iPhone is killing the 'Net", Network World, IDG, April 9, 2008. Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-04-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor.  
  3. ^ Zittrain, Jonathan L. and Jennifer K. Harrison (August 15, 2004). Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The Torts Game: Defending Mean Joe Greene. Aspen Publishers via Amazon Online Reader, xiv. ISBN 0-73-554509-X. Retrieved on 2008-04-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland.  
  4. ^ The Future of the Internet - And How to Stop It. Berkman Center (April 25, 2006). Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-04-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer
  5. ^ School Calendar. Shady Side Academy. Retrieved on 2008-04-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom
  6. ^ Speaker Bio. Province of British Columbia. Retrieved on 2008-04-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom
  7. ^ a b Jonathan Zittrain. The Connecticut Forum. Retrieved on 2008-04-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom
  8. ^ Zittrain to be intellectual property lecturer. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved on 2008-04-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom
  9. ^ a b Professor Jonathan Zittrain. University of Oxford. Retrieved on 2008-04-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland.
  10. ^ Faceoff: Lessig vs. Zittrain. Stanford Law School. Retrieved on 2008-04-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title
  11. ^ All courses related to Jonathan Zittrain. Berkman Center. Retrieved on 2008-04-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland.
  12. ^ a b Jonathan Zittrain. TechWeb and O'Reilly Media. Retrieved on 2008-04-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date)
  13. ^ a b "Cyberlaw expert Jonathan Zittrain elected to University's first Chair of Internet Governance and Regulation", University of Oxford, March 16, 2005. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-04-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland.  
  14. ^ Casing the Future. Harvard Magazine (September–October 2003). Retrieved on 2008-04-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland.
  15. ^ Zuckerman, Ethan (April 27, 2006). Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Jonathan Zittrain: The Future of the Internet... and How to Stop It. WorldChanging. Retrieved on 2008-04-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer
  16. ^ a b Zittrain, Jonathan. Chapter 6: The Lessons of Wikipedia, in The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It. Yale Books Unbound, Yale University Press. Retrieved on 2008-04-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer
  17. ^ Zittrain, Jonathan and Edelman, Benjamin (October 24, 2003). Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Documentation of Internet Filtering Worldwide. and Zittrain, Jonathan and Edelman, Benjamin (October 26, 2002). Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Localized Google search result exclusions. Retrieved on 2008-04-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor.
  18. ^ Reports. The OpenNet Initiative. Retrieved on 2008-04-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor.
  19. ^ Research. The OpenNet Initiative. Retrieved on 2008-04-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor.
  20. ^ About ONI. The OpenNet Initiative. Retrieved on 2008-04-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor.
  21. ^ Maytal, Anat. "Professor To Present Case to Supreme Court", The Harvard Crimson, February 21, 2002. Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-04-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland.  
  22. ^ ELDRED V. ASHCROFT (01-618) 537 U.S. 186 (2003). Supreme Court collection of Cornell Law School. Retrieved on 2008-04-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland.
  23. ^ "The Year of the Copyright", Harvard Law Bulletin, The President and Fellows of Harvard College, Spring 2003. Retrieved on 2008-04-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland.  
  24. ^ Fisher, William W. III, John G. Palfrey Jr. , Jonathan Zittrain (March 1, 2005). Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Brief of Amici Curiae Internet Law Faculty in Support of Respondents (No. 04-480) (PDF). U. S. Supreme Court via Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved on 2008-04-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland.
  25. ^ a b MGM v. Grokster. Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved on 2008-04-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland.
  26. ^ von Lohmann, Fred (July 25, 2005). Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Remedying 'Grokster'. ALM via Law. com. Retrieved on 2008-04-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland.
  27. ^ a b Zittrain, Jonathan (April 14, 2008). Events 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Future of the Internet--And How to Stop It. Yale University Press, 159–161. ISBN 0-300124-87-2.  
  28. ^ Anthes, Gary. "The end of the Internet as we know it? Jonathan Zittrain fears the worst", Computerworld, International Data Group, April 7, 2008. Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-04-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom  
  29. ^ StopBadware.org Frequently Asked Questions. StopBadware. org. Retrieved on 2008-04-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom
  30. ^ Talbot, David. "Q&A: Jonathan Zittrain", Technology Review, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, March 2006. Retrieved on 2008-04-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor.  
  31. ^ Graves, Lucas (January 2007). "End-Time for the Internet" (HTML). Wired (15. 01): 15. CondéNet.  
  32. ^ Stallman, Richard (March/April 2008). "‘The root of this problem is software controlled by its developer’". Boston Review 33 (2).  
  33. ^ Owen, Bruce M. (March/April 2008). "‘As long as flexibility has value to users, suppliers will have incentives to offer it’". Boston Review 33 (2).  
  34. ^ Grimes, Roger A. (March/April 2008). "‘Fixing Web insecurity requires more than a caring community’".  
  35. ^ Varian, Hal (March/April 2008). "‘Ultimately, the best protection is an informed buyer who demands openness’". Boston Review 33 (2).  
  36. ^ About Us. StopBadware. org. Retrieved on 2008-04-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor.
  37. ^ StopBadware. org (February 26, 2008). Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common "StopBadware celebrates second anniversary; adds two new sponsors" (PDF). Press release. A news release, media release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded Communication directed at members of the News Retrieved on 2008-04-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland.
  38. ^ a b Hulbert, Mark. "Stock Tips From Spam Aren't Just Silly. They're Costly.", The New York Times, The New York Times Company, September 10, 2006. Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-04-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer  
  39. ^ Frieder, Laura and Zittrain, Jonathan (March 14, 2007). Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Spam Works: Evidence from Stock Touts and Corresponding Market Activity. Berkman Center Research Publication No. 2006-11. Retrieved on 2008-04-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland.

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Persondata
NAME Zittrain, Jonathan
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION American law professor
DATE OF BIRTH 1969
PLACE OF BIRTH
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH
The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
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