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Jonathan Eybeschutz (Kraków 1690 - Altona 1764), was a Talmudist, Halachist and Kabbalist, holding positions as Dayan of Prague, and later as Rabbi of the "Three Communities": Altona, Hamburg and Wandsbek. Kraków, in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow (ˈkrækaʊ M-W: krăk'ou krāk'ō is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland Altona (ˈaltona is the westernmost urban borough ( Bezirk) of the German city state of Hamburg, on the right bank of the Elbe Year 1764 ( MDCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Talmud ( Hebrew: he תַּלְמוּד is a record of Rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history Halakha ( הלכה; alternative transliterations include Halocho and Halacha) is the collective body of Jewish Religious law Kabbalah (קַבָּלָה lit "receiving" is a discipline and school of thought discussing the mystical aspect of Judaism. A beth din, beit din or beis din ( Hebrew: בית דין "house of judgment" plural battei din) is a Rabbinical Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. Altona (ˈaltona is the westernmost urban borough ( Bezirk) of the German city state of Hamburg, on the right bank of the Elbe Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany Wandsbek is the second-largest of seven boroughs that make up the city of Hamburg, Germany. With Jacob Emden, he is well known as a protagonist in the Emden-Eybeschutz Controversy. Jacob Emden ( (the Yabets) was a Jewish Rabbi and notable Talmudist and prominent opponent of the Shabbethaians. The Protagonist or main character is the central figure of a story. Jacob Emden ( (the Yabets) was a Jewish Rabbi and notable Talmudist and prominent opponent of the Shabbethaians.

Contents

Biography

Eybeschutz's father was the rabbi in Ivančice (German: Eibenschütz, sometimes Eibeschutz), Moravia. Rabbi (pronunciation, although in English usually) in Judaism, means a religious ‘teacher’ or more literally ‘my great one’ when addressing any master Ivančice (ˈɪvantʃɪtsɛ German: Eibenschütz) is a town in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic, 21 km south-west of Brno The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Moravia (Morava; Morawy Moravie Moravia is a historical region in central Europe in the east of the Czech Republic, one of the former Czech lands. Eybeschutz was a child prodigy in Talmud; on his father's death, he studied in the yeshiva of Meir Eisenstadt in Prostějov (Prossnitz), and then later in Holešov (Holleschau). The Talmud ( Hebrew: he תַּלְמוּד is a record of Rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history Yeshiva or yeshivah (jəʃi'və ( Hebrew: ישיבה "sitting (n Meir ben Izsak Eisenstadt (also Meir Ash c 1670&ndash1744 was the author of Responsa and other works of Rabbinic literature. Prostějov ('proscɛjof German: Prossnitz) is a city in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. Zlín Region (Zlínský kraj is an administrative unit (kraj of the Czech Republic, located in the central-eastern part of the historical region of Moravia. He also lived in Vienna for a short time. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. He married Elkele Spira, daughter of Rabbi Isaac Spira, and they lived in Hamburg for two years with Mordecai ha-Kohen, Elkele's maternal grandfather. Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany

Eybeschutz settled in Prague in 1715 and became head of the yeshivah and a famous preacher. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. Year 1715 ( MDCCXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Rosh yeshiva, ( pl. Heb. Roshei yeshiva; Yeshivish Rosh yeshivas) (ראש ישיבה is the title given to the dean of Yeshiva or yeshivah (jəʃi'və ( Hebrew: ישיבה "sitting (n The people of Prague held Eybeschutz in high esteem and he was considered second there only to Dayan David Oppenheim. A beth din, beit din or beis din ( Hebrew: בית דין "house of judgment" plural battei din) is a Rabbinical In 1736, Eybeschutz was appointed dayan of Prague. A beth din, beit din or beis din ( Hebrew: בית דין "house of judgment" plural battei din) is a Rabbinical He became rabbi of Metz in 1741. Year 1741 ( MDCCXLI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year In 1750, he was elected rabbi of the "Three Communities:" Altona, Hamburg, and Wandsbek. Year 1750 ( MDCCL) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a

He was "an acknowledged genius" in at least three separate areas of Jewish religious creativity: Talmud and Jewish law (halakhah); homiletics (derush) and popular preaching; and Kabbalah. The Talmud ( Hebrew: he תַּלְמוּד is a record of Rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history Halakha ( הלכה; alternative transliterations include Halocho and Halacha) is the collective body of Jewish Religious law Midrash ( Hebrew: מדרש plural midrashim, lit "to repeat" is a Hebrew term referring to the not exact but comparative ( homiletic Kabbalah (קַבָּלָה lit "receiving" is a discipline and school of thought discussing the mystical aspect of Judaism. "He was a man of erudition, but he owed his fame chiefly to his personality. Few men of the period so profoundly impressed their mark on Jewish life. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ "

Controversy

Eybeschutz was not without controversy. In Prague, he had many contacts with priests and the intelligentsia, debating religious topics and matters of faith. A priest or priestess is a person having the authority or power to administer religious rites in particular rites of sacrifice to and propitiation of a deity or deities For the coffee shop company often called Intelligentsia for short see Intelligentsia Coffee & Tea. Faith is a Belief in the trustworthiness of an Idea. Formal usage of the word "faith" is usually reserved for concepts of Religion, as in He became friendly with Cardinal Hassebauer and also discussed religious questions with him. A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church. Through the help of the cardinal, Eybeschutz received permission to print the Talmud - but with the omission of all passages contradicting the principles of Christianity. This article discusses the traditional views of the two religions and may not be applicable all adherents of each This angered the rabbis of Prague, and they revoked the printing license.

He became especially controversial because of a dispute that arose concerning the amulets which he was suspected of issuing. An amulet ( the Elder|Pliny]] meaning "an object that protects a person from trouble" a close cousin of the talisman (from Arabic It was alleged that these amulets recognized the false Messianic claims of Sabbatai Zevi. Sabbatai Zevi, ( (other spellings include Sabetay in Turkish, Shabbethai, Sabbetai, Shabbsai; Zvi; Sabbetai Rabbi Jacob Emden then accused him of heresy; see The Emden-Eybeschutz Controversy. Jacob Emden ( (the Yabets) was a Jewish Rabbi and notable Talmudist and prominent opponent of the Shabbethaians. Heresy is an introduced change to some system of belief especially a religion that conflicts with the previously established canon of that belief Jacob Emden ( (the Yabets) was a Jewish Rabbi and notable Talmudist and prominent opponent of the Shabbethaians. The majority of the rabbis in Poland, Moravia, and Bohemia, as well as the leaders of the Three Communities supported Eybeschutz: the accusation was "utterly incredible" - in 1725, Eybeschutz was among the Prague rabbis who excommunicated the Shabbatean sect. Year 1725 ( MDCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a (Others suggest that the Rabbis issued this ruling because they feared the repercussions if their leading figure was found to be a Shabbatean).

The controversy was a momentous incident in Jewish history of the period — involving both Yechezkel Landau and the Vilna Gaon — and may be credited with having crushed the lingering belief in Sabbatai current even in some Orthodox circles. Jewish history is the History of the Jewish people, faith, and culture. Yechezkel ben Yehuda Landau (8 October 1713 &ndash 29 April 1793 Hebrew: יחזקאל לנדא) was an influential authority in Halakha (Jewish Eliyahu ben Shlomo Zalman, known as the Vilna Gaon or Elijah of Vilna and simply by his Hebrew Acronym Gra (" G aon In 1760 the quarrel broke out once more when some Shabbatean elements were discovered among the students of Eybeschutz' yeshivah. Year 1760 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap Also not to be confused with Subbotniks or Sabbatarians. Note Most Sabbateans during and after Sabbatai Zevi were Jews Yeshiva or yeshivah (jəʃi'və ( Hebrew: ישיבה "sitting (n At the same time his younger son, Wolf, presented himself as a Shabbatean prophet, with the result that the yeshivah was closed.

Works

Thirty of his works in the area of Halakha (Jewish law) have been published. Halakha ( הלכה; alternative transliterations include Halocho and Halacha) is the collective body of Jewish Religious law In addition, several of his works on homiletics, teaching methodology, and Kabbalah are currently in print. It is interesting to note that only one of his works was published in his lifetime. The posthumous printing of so many of his works is testimony to his influence on his contemporaries through his oral teachings and his personality. It is claimed that he also published numerous Shabbatian works anonymously.

Rabbi Eybeschutz also wrote Luchoth Habrith (Tablets of Testimony), in which he describes the whole dispute and refutes the charges against him. Kabbalah (קַבָּלָה lit "receiving" is a discipline and school of thought discussing the mystical aspect of Judaism. Kabbalah (קַבָּלָה lit "receiving" is a discipline and school of thought discussing the mystical aspect of Judaism. It includes also the letters of recommendation which he had received from leading rabbis who came to his defense.

References

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