Johor Bahru جوهر بهرو
Seal
Nickname: JB, Bandar Raya Selatan (Southern City)
Motto: 'Berkhidmat, Berbudaya, Berwawasan' (English: 'Servicing, cultured, visionary')
Johor Bahru
Coordinates: 1°29′00″N 103°44′00″E / 1.483333, 103.733333
Country	Malaysia
State	Johor
Establishment	1855
Granted city status	1994
Government
- Mayor	Latiff Yusof
Area
- City	185 km² (72. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Malaysia is a Federation which consists of thirteen '''states''' ( Negeri) and three '''federal territories''' ( Wilayah Persekutuan Johor (alt English spelling Johore, Jawi scriptجوهر is a state of Malaysia between 1°20"N and 2°35"N A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. To help compare different Orders of magnitude and geographical regions we list here areas between 100 km² and 1000 km² 27 sq mi)
Elevation	36. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. 88 m (121 ft)
Population (2006)
- City	876,033 (4th)
- Density	2,703/km² (6,919/sq mi)
- Metro	1,730,000
Time zone	MST (UTC+8)
- Summer (DST)	Not observed (UTC)
Website: http://www.mbjb.gov.my/

Johor Bahru, also spelled Johor Baharu, Johor Baru, ("Baru" means "new" in Malay) or Johore Bahru and abbreviated as JB, is the capital city of Johor in southern Malaysia. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Malaysian Standard Time (MST Malay: Waktu Piawai Malaysia is a Standard time used in Malaysia. UTC+8 is a band of Timezones separated from the Greenwich Mean Time by 8 hours Daylight saving time ( DST The Malay language ( ISO 639-1 code MS is an Austronesian language spoken by the Malay people and people of other ethnic groups who reside in the Johor (alt English spelling Johore, Jawi scriptجوهر is a state of Malaysia between 1°20"N and 2°35"N For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and It is within walking distance from Singapore, and receives more than 60% of the country's annual 16 million foreign tourists via its bridges and road links to Singapore. Singapore With a population of approximately 876,000 in the city, it is the fourth most populated city in Malaysia. Johor Bahru also has a population of 1. 73 million in the greater metropolitan area and 5. 49 million in the Singapore-Johor Bahru conurbation, which is one of the highest in Southeast Asia. ^[1] The city is an important industrial, tourism and commercial hub for southern Malaysia. For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer The population growth rate of Johor Bahru is also among the highest in Malaysia. Johor Bahru also has a highly developed industrial base which has made the city one of the biggest industrial centers of the country.

Johor Bahru is the southernmost city of the Eurasian mainland. For the superstate in George Orwell 's novel see Nations of Nineteen Eighty-Four. ^[2]

Contents 1 Geography 2 History 3 Government 4 Demographics 5 Economy 6 Infrastructure 6.1 Internal Network 6.2 Intercity Network 6.3 Airport and Seaports 6.4 Radio Stations 7 Urban Renewal 7.1 Monorail Project 8 Sister cities 9 See also 10 References 11 External links

Geography

The city of Johor Bahru is located at 1°29′N, 103°44′E. The city council administers the highly developed southern central coast of the metropolitan area, with a total area of 185 km². It is situated on the Straits of Johor (also known as the Straits of Tebrau), which separates Malaysia and Singapore. The Straits of Johor (also known as the Tebrau Strait, Johor Strait, Selat Johor, Selat Tebrau, and Tebrau Reach) is a Strait For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Singapore Metropolitan Johor Bahru occupies extensive coastal land consisting of ecologically rich swamp lands and important river systems such as Sungai Johor, Sungai Pulai and Sungai Tebrau. Johor Bahru district comprises four local authorities - Johor Bahru City Council (MBJB), Johor Bahru Tengah Municipal Council (MPJBT), Pasir Gudang Local Authority (PBTPG) and Kulai Municipal Council with a possibly new fifth local authority covering a proposed new administrative capital of Johor in Bandar Nusajaya near the 2nd Link Expressway to Singapore. The city of Johor Bahru is 'Malaysia's Southern Gateway'. It receives 60% of foreign tourist to Malaysia and is a major holiday and shopping destination for neighbouring Singaporeans due to the weaker Malaysian ringgit vis-a-vis the Singaporean dollar. There are also considerable number of Malaysians who study and work in Singapore, but commute on a daily basis. The district has two land links to Singapore - the Johor Causeway and the 2nd Link. Plans are afoot to demolish the causeway and build instead a new elevated bridge across the Johor Straits. In anticipation of this project, a new Customs, Immigration and Quarantine (CIQ) is constructed.

History

Johor Bahru was founded in 1855 by Temenggung Daeng Ibrahim, the father of Sultan Abu Bakar, one of the best-remembered of all Malay Sultans, and Chinese businessman Wong Ah Fook. Malays (Melayu are an Ethnic group of Austronesian peoples predominantly inhabiting the Malay Peninsula, the east coast of Sumatra, the coast The town was originally named Tanjung Puteri, and it had its beginnings as a small Malay fishing village. The Malay Peninsula or Thai-Malay Peninsula (Semenanjung Tanah Melayu (คาบสมุทรมลายู is a major Peninsula located in Southeast Sultan Abu Bakar changed the name to Johor Bahru when he proclaimed it the capital of his kingdom in 1866, after he moved the seat of government from the old capital at Teluk Belanga in Singapore. Almarhum Paduka Sri Sultan Sir Abu Bakar Ibn Almarhum Dato Temenggong Sri Maharaja Ibrahim, GCMG, KCSI, Singapore

Sultan Abu Bakar was descended from Temenggong Abdul Rahman, the local chief who signed the initial treaty with the British when they sought permission to lease Singapore island in 1819. Much of the prosperity Johor enjoys today can be traced directly to Sultan Abu Bakar's success in persuading British and Chinese entrepreneurs to invest in agricultural estates in the area. Sultan Abu Bakar took a great interest in planning and laying out his royal city of Johor Bahru; consequently, many buildings and places in the city today bear his name and marks. For example, the Royal Abu Bakar Museum, Sultan Abu Bakar Mosque and Maktab Sultan Abu Bakar, which is also the oldest school in Johor are named after him. Maktab Sultan Abu Bakar, also known as English College (EC is a premier school located in the southernmost state of Malaysia Johor. The customs checkpoint at the 2nd link is also named after him into Sultan Abu Bakar Complex.

Johor Bahru has witnessed a few major Malaysian historical events such as the establishment of the leading political party in Malaysia, UMNO (United Malays National Organisation), in 1946. The United Malays National Organisation, or UMNO, (Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu is a Right-wing party and Malaysia 's largest Political

While Johor Bahru has grown and developed tremendously since Malaysia's Independence in 1957, the social development did not match its economic development. Crime rates has increased over the years, from petty theft to robbery with assaults. Public transportation is not adequate to accommodate the needs of its 800,000-plus inhibitants. Unfortunately, being the immediate neighbor to the highly organized and developed island-state of Singapore only serve to dramatize the gaps in developments.

On 1 January 1994, Johor Bahru was officially granted city status and Dato Hashim Yahya became the first mayor (Datuk Bandar). The City Square was constructed to commemorate this event. Dataran Bandaraya Johor Bahru or (Johor Bahru City Square is the main square in Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

Pasir Pelangi, the 'royal town' is located within Johor Bahru. Pasir Pelangi is the royal village of Johor, Malaysia. It is situated near Stulang and Johor Bahru. It is also the birth place of local legend and international singer Dato Shake. A legend ( Latin, legenda, "things to be read" is a Narrative of human actions that are perceived both by teller and listeners to Dato Shake is a French singer of Malay descent He was born in humble beginnings which rose to such staggering heights of success that his King made him a Dato' equivalent

Government

The Johor Bahru metropolitan area runs across several districts and is jointly managed by the following local councils:

Johor Bahru District:

• Johor Bahru City Council (Majlis Bandaraya Johor Bahru)
• Johor Bahru Tengah Municipal Council (Majlis Perbandaran Johor Bahru Tengah)
• Kulai Municipal Council (Majlis Perbandaran Kulai)
• Local Authority of Bandar Tenggara (Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan Bandar Tenggara)
• Local Authority of Pasir Gudang (Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan Pasir Gudang)

Pontian District:

• District Council of Pontian (Majlis Daerah Pontian)

Kota Tinggi District:

• District Council of Kota Tinggi (Majlis Daerah Kota Tinggi)

In announcing the 9th Malaysia Plan in May 2006, the area has been identified as a focus development area of national priority, which will see government investment of over RM12 billion (Ringgit) between 2006 and 2010. Kulai ( is a town in the Kulaijaya district of Johor, Malaysia. Pasir Gudang is an Industrial town located 35 km east of Johor Bahru in Malaysia ( LAT) Kota Tinggi is a small town in the state of Johor of Malaysia, located around 42 kilometers north-east of Johor Bahru, on the road to Ringgit ( Malay for "jagged" mostly refers to the Malaysian ringgit, which is the local currency in Malaysia, but it can also refer

Demographics

The District of Johor Bahru's population is 1 056 000 (2000 census) with current population in 2006 to be in the region of 1. 5 million. It consists of 45% Malay, 41. In Malaysia, the Malay population is defined by Article 160 of the Malaysian Constitution as someone born to a Malaysian citizen who professes to be a Muslim, habitually 5% Chinese, 9. Malaysian Chinese is a Malaysian of Chinese origin Most are descendants of Chinese who arrived between the fifteenth and the mid-twentieth centuries 1% Indian and 4. Malaysian Indians are a group of Malaysians largely descended from those who migrated from southern India during the British colonization 4% of other minorities. [1]

Among the Chinese, the Teochew, Hakka, Hokkien, Cantonese and Hainanese are the five major dialect groups in Johor Bahru. Malaysian Chinese is a Malaysian of Chinese origin Most are descendants of Chinese who arrived between the fifteenth and the mid-twentieth centuries A small, significant minority of Hokchew/Foochow does exist. Due to the influence of the Singaporean mass media and the government policy of using Mandarin in all schools, the majority of the younger generation Chinese speak Mandarin and English at home.

The Teochews, who are the most populous among all other Chinese dialect groups in Johor Bahru, had a long standing history as they had established themselves in gambier plantations under the direction of Tan Hiok Nee, who developed the Kangchu system in consultation with the Sultan. He received the sultan's blessings for the plantation owners to develop their business in the systematic method. Many more Teochews migrated to Johor Bahru later, and settled there.

The Hakkas later migrated to Johor Bahru in large numbers, and also formed a large community among the Chinese in Johor Bahru. The Cantonese, under the leadership of Wong Ah Fook, began settling in Johor Bahru in the wake of the Kangchu system pioneered by Tan Hiok Nee from the 19th century onwards.

Economy

As one of the three main urban centres on the peninsular Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur and Penang being the other two), Johor Bahru is an important industrial, logistical and commercial centre. Kuala Lumpur (ˈkwɑːləlʊmˈpʊər Malay /kwɑlɑlʊmpʊ/ and locally /kwɑləlʊmpɔ/ or even /kɔlɔmpɔ/ or often abbreviated as K Penang (pəˈnæŋ Malay: Pulau Pinang) is a state in Malaysia, located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia Its major industries include electronics, resource and petrochemical refinery and shipbuilding.

Johor Bahru is often thought of as Singapore's hinterland, similar to what Shenzhen is to Hong Kong. Shenzhen is a city of sub-provincial administrative status in southern China's Guangdong province situated immediately Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders The presence of Singapore-owned companies and tourists are significant. Johor Bahru's many shopping complexes cater to tourists from Singapore who visit the city for shopping and entertainment, taking advantage of the stronger Singapore dollar. As such, Johor Bahru's retail scene is highly developed for a city of its size. The main shopping districts are located within Johor Bahru city, with a number of large shopping malls located in the suburbs.

The heavy industrial areas are Pasir Gudang and Tanjung Langsat, located east of the metropolitan area. Pasir Gudang is an Industrial town located 35 km east of Johor Bahru in Malaysia ( LAT) Tanjung Langsat is a main industrial area and port in Pasir Gudang, Johor, Malaysia. They contain clusters of refineries, chemical processing plants, and shipbuilding factories. Light to medium industrial areas are mainly located north and north-west of the metropolitan area in Tebrau, Tampoi, Senai, Skudai and Kulai. Tebrau or Teberau is a largest mukim (sub-division in Johor Bahru District, Johor, Malaysia. For the Malaysian town with the same name see Senai. Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial (SENAI Portuguese language for Skudai is a rapidly expanding suburb of Johor Bahru, the largest city in and the capital of the state of Johor in southern Malaysia. Kulai ( is a town in the Kulaijaya district of Johor, Malaysia.

Johor Bahru enjoys close economic relationship with Singapore. A large number of residents in Johor Bahru work in Singapore due to its higher pay, partially because of the stronger Singapore Dollar (roughly 1 Singapore Dollar to 2. 2 Malaysian Ringgit as of May 2007). MAY ( also known as: Mei メイ 메이 is a Korean singer well known in South Korea for singing the song "Miracle" Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. For the same reason, many Singaporeans visit Johor Bahru for shopping, entertainment and dining.

Infrastructure

Internal Network

Johor Bahru Central Business District (CBD) or Daerah Sentral Johor Bahru, is located on the southern tip of the metropolitan area. For other uses of the word Johor Bahru see Johor Bahru (disambiguation page Two major highways link the CBD to outlying suburbs, with Tebrau Highway linking the city to the north-east and Tun Abdul Razak (TAR) Highway/Senai-Skudai Highway linking it to the north-west. See also Johor Bahru West Coast Parkway. Skudai Highway ( Lebuhraya Skudai), also known as Senai Highway Pasir Gudang Highway and the connecting Johor Bahru Parkway crosses Tebrau Highway and TAR Highway about midway and serves as the middle ring road of the metropolitan area. Pasir Gudang Highway, also known as Federal route is a major highway in Johor, Malaysia that connects Tampoi Utara in the west to Johor Bahru-Kota Tinggi Highway (Malay Lebuhraya Johor Bahru-Kota Tinggi Federal route, also known as Tebrau Highway (Jalan Tebrau and Jalan Kota Tinggi

Additionally, the Johor Bahru Inner Ring Road aids in controlling the traffic in and around the CBD. Johor Bahru Inner Ring Road, Federal Route is a multi-lane federal Ring road highway that circles the Central Business District of Johor Bahru

Intercity Network

Access to the national expressway system is possible via the North-South Expressway, with entry-exit points located strategically within the metropolitan area. The North-South Expressway (NSE (Lebuhraya Utara-Selatan 南北大道 வடக்கு - தெற்கு நெடுஞ்சாலை is the longest expressway in Malaysia

The Causeway links the city to the Singapore with a six-lane road and a railway line. The Johor-Singapore Causeway (Tambak Johor is a 1056-metre Causeway that links the city of Johor Bahru in Malaysia across the Straits of Johor Singapore The Second Link Expressway located west of the metropolitan area was constructed in 1997 to help alleviate the congested Causeway. Malaysia-Singapore Second Link ( Laluan Kedua Malaysia-Singapura) is a bridge connecting Singapore and Johor, Malaysia. It is linked directly to Johor Bahru Parkway and North-South Expressway. The North-South Expressway (NSE (Lebuhraya Utara-Selatan 南北大道 வடக்கு - தெற்கு நெடுஞ்சாலை is the longest expressway in Malaysia

Airport and Seaports

Johor Bahru is well served with strong connectivity to regional and international centres.

Senai International Airport, located north-west of the metropolitan area, serves regional and national airlines. Senai International Airport, officially known as Sultan Ismail International Airport ( Malay: Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Sultan Ismail is an Airport It is one of the hubs of AirAsia. AirAsia Berhad ( is a low-cost airline based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

The Port of Tanjung Pelepas, located west of the metropolitan area in the new area of Nusajaya, is Malaysia's biggest transshipment hub. The Port of Tanjung Pelepas ( Abbreviation: PTP, UN/LOCODE MYTPP) is a Port for Container ships located on the eastern mouth of the Pulai Nusajaya is a regional city and when completed will be the new administration centre of Johor, Malaysia. Transshipment or Transhipment is the Shipment of goods to an intermediate destination and then from there to yet another destination

Johor Port, otherwise known as the Pasir Gudang Port, is located on the eastern side of the metropolitan area in the industrial area of Pasir Gudang. Johor Port is located at Pasir Gudang in the southwest of Johor in Peninsular Malaysia. Pasir Gudang is an Industrial town located 35 km east of Johor Bahru in Malaysia ( LAT) It is the country's most important commodity and mineral resources seaports as Johor is home to a large number of major commercial plantations and Pasir Gudang is home to majority of Malaysia resources refineries.

Singapore's world-renowned seaports and airport also caters to Johor Bahru's transportation/logistics need, as they are both less than an hour's drive from the city.

Radio Stations

Johor Bahru is also home to three radio stations. Best 104 is the country's first private radio station, Johor FM is a government-owned regional station, and FMJB, is another government-owned station covering only the city. Best 104 is both Malaysia 's first private Radio station (though not the first commercial one that honour belongs to Time Highway Radio) and the first Johor FM, formerly known as Radio Malaysia Johor and Radio 3 Johor Bahru is a Johor state Radio operated by Radio Televisyen Malaysia

Urban Renewal

A number of urban renewal projects in the city centre with the aim of making the city centre more pedestrian friendly has recently been completed. Among these projects are:

• Pedestrianisation of Jalan Meldrum by narrowing the two-way street into a single-lane street with the accompanying pedestrian mall with outdoor cafe kiosks.
• Pedestrianisation of the area around OCBC Bank and City Council building.
• The construction of Legaran Segget, or Segget Walk. Legaran Segget is a pedestrian walkway in Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia which is a covered-up river Segget River.
• The construction of Laman Tun Sri Lanang, a small park in the heart of the city. Johor Bahru, also spelled Johor Baharu, Johor Baru, ( "Baru" means "new" in Malay) or Johore Bahru and abbreviated

Monorail Project

Among future plans in place include the construction of a maglev monorail to link JB Sentral to Carrefour Pandan or ÆON Tebrau City Shopping Centre and from JB Sentral to Danga Bay and Skudai. MAGLEV, or magnetic levitation, is a system of transportation that suspends guides and (usually propels vehicles predominantly trains using magnetic forces A monorail is a transportation system based on a single beam The term is also used variously to describe the beam of the system or the vehicles travelling on such a beam or Tebrau City is a shopping mall in Desa Tebrau Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Construction of the monorail is expected to start as early as 2007.

Similar to the KL Monorail project where all the structures are elevated, the project will have eight stations between Johor Sentral, located next to the causeway, and ÆON Tebrau City near the Pandan Hospital. The KL Monorail is a Monorail system (previously known as Peoplemover Rapid Transit - PRT in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, opened 31 August

Jalur Mudra expects the Johor monorail to ferry some 98,000 passengers daily with tickets priced between RM1. The JB Monorail is a proposed maglev Monorail to be built in Johor Bahru. 50 and RM2. 60 for the 13-minute ride between Johor Sentral and ÆON Tebrau City.

Sister cities

• Istanbul, Turkey ^[3]
• Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
• Shenzhen, China (July 2006)

See also

• Johor Bahru landmarks
• Johor Bahru Inner Ring Road
• Daerah Sentral Johor Bahru
• Johor Causeway
• Malaysia-Singapore Second Link
• Southern Integrated Gateway
• Iskandar Malaysia

References

External links

• Official site of Johor Bahru City Council
• Johor Bahru travel guide from Wikitravel
• Johor Bahru Community Portal
• Johro Map and Street Photos

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