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States and Territories of Malaysia
جوهر دارالتّعظيم
Johor Darul Ta'zim
Flag of Johor Coat of arms of Johor
Flag of Johor Coat of arms of Johor
State motto: Kepada Allah Berserah
Anthem: Lagu Bangsa Johor
Location of Johor
Capital Johor Bahru
Royal capital Pasir Pelangi1
Ruling party Barisan Nasional
 - Sultan Sultan Iskandar
 - Menteri Besar Abdul Ghani Othman
History  
 - Johor Sultanate 14th century 
 - British control 1914 
 - Japanese occupation 1942 
 - Accession into Federation of Malaya 1948 
Area
 - Total 19,984 km²
Population
 - 2007 estimate 3,300,000
 - Density 137. Allah ( Arabic: الله, ʔalˤːɑːh) is the standard Arabic word for ' The Johor State Anthem of Johor, Malaysia was composed by Armenian Bandmaster Mackertich Galistan or MG Abdullah and lyrics by Capt Johor Bahru, also spelled Johor Baharu, Johor Baru, ( "Baru" means "new" in Malay) or Johore Bahru and abbreviated Pasir Pelangi is the royal village of Johor, Malaysia. It is situated near Stulang and Johor Bahru. The 12th Malaysian general election was held on March 8, 2008, in accordance with Malaysian laws for national elections, which states that a general election Barisan Nasional ( National Front or BN) is a major political Coalition in Malaysia. In full Duli Yang Maha Mulia Baginda Al-Mutawakkil Alallah Sultan Iskandar Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Sir Ismail Al-Khalidi (born April 8, 1932) Literally "big minister" in Malay, a Menteri Besar is a Chief Executive of the state governments of Perlis, Johor, Kedah, Perak Dato' Haji Abdul Ghani Bin Othman (born 14th December 1946 is the current Menteri Besar of the state of Johor in Malaysia. This article concerns the Sultanate of Johor For office of the sultan see Sultan of Johor. Throughout much of World War II, British Malaya, North Borneo and Sarawak were under Japanese occupation. This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by total area. List of countries by population in 2005|List of countries by population in 1907This is a list of countries ordered according to Population. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 6/km²
HDI  (2000) 0. The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP 798 (medium)
National calling code 072
06 (Muar and Ledang)
National postal code 80xxx to 86xxx
Licence plate prefix J
Website: http://www.johor.gov.my
1 Town in the city of Johor Bahru
2 Except Muar and Ledang

Johor (alt. Telephone numbering in Malaysia is regulated by the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC The postal codes used in Malaysia is a 5 digit code Listed below are the first 2 digits of codes assigned to each state and special administrative area Malaysian vehicle license plates ( Malay: Nombor plet kenderaan Malaysia or Nombor pendaftaran kenderaan Malaysia) are License Ledang is a new district in Johor, Malaysia. The district's principal town is Tangkak. English spelling: Johore, Jawi script:جوهر) is a state of Malaysia between 1°20"N and 2°35"N. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and It is one of the most developed states in Malaysia. The capital city and royal seat of Johor is Johor Bahru, formerly Tanjung Puteri. Johor Bahru, also spelled Johor Baharu, Johor Baru, ( "Baru" means "new" in Malay) or Johore Bahru and abbreviated The old state capital is Johor Lama. The Arabic honorific of the state is Darul Ta'zim ("Abode of Dignity'). It is surrounded by Pahang to the north, Malacca and Negeri Sembilan to the northwest, and the Straits of Johor to the south which is divided by the international border between Malaysia and the Republic of Singapore. Pahang ( Jawi: ڨهڠ is the third largest state on Malaysia, after Sarawak and Sabah, occupying the huge Pahang River River Negeri Sembilan (also Negri Sembilan, Jawi: نڬري سمبيلن meaning "state of nine" in Malay, is a state of Malaysia. The Straits of Johor (also known as the Tebrau Strait, Johor Strait, Selat Johor, Selat Tebrau, and Tebrau Reach) is a Strait Singapore Tanjung Piai, in the district of Pontian, is the most southerly point of mainland Asia. Tanjung Piai is a cape in Johor which is the southernmost point of Peninsular Malaysia and thus the most southern point of mainland Asia.

Johoreans often use the word JB to refer to the city of Johor Bahru. Johor Bahru, also spelled Johor Baharu, Johor Baru, ( "Baru" means "new" in Malay) or Johore Bahru and abbreviated

Contents

History

Main article: Sultanate of Johor

The name "Johor" originated from the Arabic word Jauhar, 'gem/precious stone' . This article concerns the Sultanate of Johor For office of the sultan see Sultan of Johor. Before the name Johor was adopted, the area south of the Muar River to Singapore island was known as Ujung Tanah or 'land's end' in Malay, due to its location at the end of the Malay Peninsula. The Muar River is a river which flows through the states of Negeri Sembilan and Johor in Malaysia. Singapore The Malay Peninsula or Thai-Malay Peninsula (Semenanjung Tanah Melayu (คาบสมุทรมลายู is a major Peninsula located in Southeast Coincidentally, Johor is the most southerly point of the Asian continental mainland.

Modern Johor history began in the early 16th century with the foundation of the Sultanate of Johor by the son of Sultan Mahmud Shah, the last Sultan of Malacca, who fled from the invading Portuguese in Malacca. This article concerns the Sultanate of Johor For office of the sultan see Sultan of Johor. Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah II was the first Sultan of Johor. Sultan Mahmud Shah (died 1528 ruled Malacca from 1488 to 1528 Johor sultanate is one of the two successor states of the Melaka empire. Upon Malacca's defeat to the Portuguese in 1511, the son of the last Sultan of Malacca, Sultan Mahmud Shah, had established a monarchy in Johor and had posed a constant threat to the Portuguese. The Sultanate of Perak was the other successor state of Malacca and was established by the son of Sultan Mahmud Shah, Sultan Muzaffar Shah. Perak is one of the 13 states of Malaysia. It is the second largest state in Peninsular Malaysia bordering Kedah and Yala Province of Johor is the only state, apart from Melaka, that has grown into an empire. An empire (from the Latin " Imperium " denoting military Command within the ancient Roman government) is a State that During its peak, the whole of Pahang and the present day Indonesian territories of Riau archipelago and part of Sumatra Island was under Johor's rule. Riau is a province of Indonesia, located in the center of Sumatra Island along the Strait of Malacca. Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470000 km² and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two

The sultanate grew in economic and political importance due to its position as an East-West trading hub and eventually evolved into the Johor Empire, covering Johor, the Riau Archipelago and parts of eastern Sumatra. Riau is a province of Indonesia, located in the center of Sumatra Island along the Strait of Malacca. An archipelago (ɑrkəˈpɛləgoʊ is a chain or cluster of Islands The word archipelago literally means "chief Sea " from Italian Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470000 km² and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two However, the Johor Empire failed to reconquer Malacca; in turn Johor harassed and attacked the Portuguese during the 130-year Portuguese rule in Malacca and was a constant thorn to Portuguese dominance in the Straits of Malacca. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. The Strait of Malacca is a narrow 805 km (500 mile stretch of water between Peninsular Malaysia (West Malaysia) and the Indonesian island of Sumatra

Transportation hubs

Ports

Johor has three ports, Pasir Gudang Port, Port of Tanjung Pelepas and Tanjung Langsat Port. Pasir Gudang is an Industrial town located 35 km east of Johor Bahru in Malaysia ( LAT) The Port of Tanjung Pelepas ( Abbreviation: PTP, UN/LOCODE MYTPP) is a Port for Container ships located on the eastern mouth of the Pulai Tanjung Langsat Port (TLP is the third port in Johor, Malaysia, designed to complement the Port of Tanjung Pelepas and Johor Port in Pasir

Airports

Johor has one international airport (30 km away from the city centre), The Sultan Ismail International Airport in Senai (01’38’26’ N, 103’40’13’ E). Senai International Airport, officially known as Sultan Ismail International Airport ( Malay: Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Sultan Ismail is an Airport It was opened on 6 June 1974 and has been expanded several times ever since. Currently, it has a 5 million passenger capacity with parallel taxiway under construction.

The airport is also a regional hub of AirAsia, a regional low-cost no-frills airline. AirAsia Berhad ( is a low-cost airline based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Malaysia Airlines also operate flights from Senai airport to some local and international destinations. Malaysia Airlines (MAS ( Malay:Syarikat Penerbangan Malaysia Chinese:马来西亚航空公司) is the Flag carrier of Malaysia.

Government structure of Johor

Monarchy

Johor is a constitutional monarchy. A constitutional monarchy, or a limited monarchy, is a form of Constitutional Government, wherein either an elected or hereditary Monarch is Johor was the first state in Malaysia which adopted the constitutional monarchy system via Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor (Johor State Establishment Constitution) written by Sultan Abu Bakar. Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor or Johor State Establishment Constitution ( Jawi script: اوندڠ-اوندڠ توبوه نڬري جوهر is a set of Almarhum Paduka Sri Sultan Sir Abu Bakar Ibn Almarhum Dato Temenggong Sri Maharaja Ibrahim, GCMG, KCSI, The constitutional head of Johor is the Sultan. Sultan (سلطان is an Islamic title with several historical meanings This hereditary position can only be held by a member of the Johor Royal Family, who is descended from Sultan Abu Bakar. Almarhum Paduka Sri Sultan Sir Abu Bakar Ibn Almarhum Dato Temenggong Sri Maharaja Ibrahim, GCMG, KCSI, The State's Sultan since 1981 has been Sultan Iskandar Al-Haj. In full Duli Yang Maha Mulia Baginda Al-Mutawakkil Alallah Sultan Iskandar Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Sir Ismail Al-Khalidi (born April 8, 1932)

Johor was the first state and currently the only state in Malaysia that has its own military force called Johor Military Force or 'Timbalan Setia Negeri'. It is considered a private army of the Sultan of Johor.

State government

The state government is headed by the Chief Minister or Menteri Besar. The following are the members of the Dewan Undangan Negeri, or state assemblies elected in the Malaysian general election 2008. The current Chief Minister is Dato' Abdul Ghani Othman, a former civil servant. The Chief Minister is assisted by an executive council (exco), whose members are selected from the state assembly members.

The legislative branch of Johor's government is the Johor State Assembly. The state assembly makes laws in matters regarding the state. Members of the assembly are elected every five years in an election.

Districts

The state of Johor is divided into the districts of

  1. Majlis Bandaraya Johor Bahru (Abbreviation as MBJB or City Hall of Johor Bahru. Majlis Bandaraya Johor Bahru or Johor Bahru City Council (MBJB is a local authority which administrates Johor Bahru city centre and other areas of the Iskandar It covers an area of Daerah Sentral JB, Tampoi, Pelangi, Pasir Pelangi, Rinting, Tasek Utara, Pandan, Permas Jaya, Kangkar Tebrau, Kempas, Larkin, Majidee, Mount Austin, Kawasan Tebrau) (website: http://www.mbjb.gov.my)
  2. Majlis Perbandaran Johor Bahru Tengah (MPJBT It covers an area of Masai, Plentong, Ulu Tiram, Gelang Patah, Skudai, Pulai, Nusajaya, Ulu Choh, Lima Kedai (http://www.johordt.gov.my/mpjbt/bm/utama/kaw_pentd.htm)
  3. Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan Pasir Gudang (PBTPG covers an area of Pasir Gudang Industrial Estate, Kota Masai, Pasir Putih, Air Biru, Tanjung Langsat, Scientex, Nusa Damai, Kong Kong, Sg. Majlis Perbandaran Johor Bahru Tengah or Johor Bahru Tengah Municipal Council (MPJBT is a local authority which administrates Central Johor Bahru District and other Tiram)(http://www.pbtpasirgudang.gov.my/)
  1. Majlis Perbandaran Kulai (Majlis Perbandaran Kulai) (Covers an area of Senai, Kulai Town, Sedenak, Ayer Bemban)
  1. Majlis Daerah Pontian
  1. Majlis Daerah Kota Tinggi
  1. Majlis Perbandaran Kluang (Majlis Daerah Kluang Utara)
  2. Majlis Daerah Simpang Renggam (Majlis Daerah Kluang Selatan)
  1. Majlis Daerah Segamat (Majlis Daerah Segamat Utara)
  2. Majlis Daerah Labis (Majlis Daerah Segamat Selatan)
  1. Majlis Perbandaran Muar (Majlis Daerah Muar Selatan)
  1. Majlis Daerah Tangkak (Majlis Daerah Tangkak)
  1. Majlis Perbandaran Batu Pahat (Majlis Daerah Batu Pahat Barat)
  2. Majlis Daerah Yong Peng (Majlis Daerah Batu Pahat Timur)
  1. Majlis Daerah Mersing

Economy

Iskandar Malaysia

The Iskandar Malaysia (formerly known as Iskandar Development Region and South Johor Economic Region), encompassing Johor Bahru and Nusajaya is a major development zone in Johor. Iskandar Malaysia, formerly known as Iskandar Development Region (IDR and South Johor Economic Region (SJER is the new main southern development corridor in Johor Bahru, also spelled Johor Baharu, Johor Baru, ( "Baru" means "new" in Malay) or Johore Bahru and abbreviated Nusajaya is a regional city and when completed will be the new administration centre of Johor, Malaysia. It is named after the present sultan, Iskandar Al-haj. In full Duli Yang Maha Mulia Baginda Al-Mutawakkil Alallah Sultan Iskandar Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Sir Ismail Al-Khalidi (born April 8, 1932) At 2215 km², it is two-and-a-half times bigger than Singapore and 48 times the size of Putrajaya. Putrajaya, a Planned city located just south of Kuala Lumpur, is the new federal administrative centre of Malaysia. It is envisioned to draw investment and business to Johor and will be among the biggest development projects undertaken in Malaysia. As part of the project, the state administrative capital will be moved to Nusajaya. Nusajaya is a regional city and when completed will be the new administration centre of Johor, Malaysia.

Education

Johor has several institutions of higher learning. It has three universities, namely Universiti Teknologi Malaysia situated in Skudai, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia in Parit Raja, Batu Pahat (UTHM), Universiti Teknologi MARA Johor ( UiTM) in Segamat and several polytechnics. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Technology University of Malaysia is the oldest public engineering and technology University in Malaysia and is known by Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM is a main university in Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. MARA University of Technology (Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM is a Malaysian public university Segamat is a town and district located in the north of the state of Johor in Malaysia, bordering two other states of Malaysia ( Negeri Sembilan on the Johor also has a teaching college called Maktab Perguruan Temenggung Ibrahim. It has one non-profit community college called Southern College situated in Skudai. Southern College was established in 1990 owing to the generous support from the communities. It is the first non-profit community college in the country wholly funded by public donation and is open to Malaysian students of all races. [1]

At the primary level, Muslim Johorean students are required to attend Islamic religious school in addition to national school. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Many Malay Johoreans have competent skills in Jawi script, the official script in Johor since 1885, which is still used in Islamic religious and Malay cultural matters in the present.

Places of interest

Major tourist attractions

Among the popular tourist destinations in Johor are:

  1. Desaru - beaches & golf courses along the South China Sea
  2. Johor Bahru - shopping, night market, colonial/royal district
  3. Endau Rompin National Park - pristine jungle
  4. Kota Tinggi 34 meter waterfall. Desaru is a beach and resort area in Johor, Malaysia. It is located approximately 88 kilometers east of Johor Bahru, on the South China Sea. Johor Bahru, also spelled Johor Baharu, Johor Baru, ( "Baru" means "new" in Malay) or Johore Bahru and abbreviated Endau Rompin National Park is a protected Tropical rainforest in Malaysia. Kota Tinggi is a small town in the state of Johor of Malaysia, located around 42 kilometers north-east of Johor Bahru, on the road to
  5. Kukup - a fishing village with seafood restaurants built over water
  6. Muar - picturesque riverside town
  7. Seribuat Archipelago - islands with beautiful beaches, coral reefs
  8. Tanjung Piai - the southernmost tip of mainland Asia
  9. Danga Bay - The new waterfront city
  10. Pekan Air Panas - hot springs,waterfall,local fruits available
  11. Bandar Nusajaya - new admistration of Johor Government

National parks and forest reserves

Main article: National Parks and Forest Reserves of Johor

Johor is also noted for its national parks. Kukup is a small fishing village located about 40  Kilometres southwest of Johor Bahru, in the district of Pontian Johor, on the Strait of Tanjung Piai is a cape in Johor which is the southernmost point of Peninsular Malaysia and thus the most southern point of mainland Asia. Danga Bay or Teluk Danga is the largest recreational park in the city of Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. Pekan Air Panas is a small town in the district of Segamat, Johor, Malaysia which is named after the Nusajaya is a regional city and when completed will be the new administration centre of Johor, Malaysia. The state of Johor in Malaysia is noted for its national parks and forest reserves which preserve virgin rainforests known for its biodiversity and endangered species of animals Johor currently has five national parks, with a combined area of more than 700 km² and several smaller recreational forest. Almost all recreational parks are based around a mountain. Johor also has the third largest mangrove forest reserve in Peninsular Malaysia (167 km²).

Mausoleum of Sultan Mahmud Mangkat Dijulang

Main article: Makam Sultan Mahmud Mangkat Dijulang

Cultural heritage of Johor

Culture in Johor is influenced by visitors and traders throughout history. Makam Sultan Mahmud Mangkat Dijulang is a famous historical tomb in Kota Tinggi, Johor in Malaysia. The biggest influence would be the Bugis - who first set foot in Malaysia in Johor before continuing on to Melaka and Selangor - Javanese and the Arabs. The Bugis are the most numerous of the three major linguistic and ethnic groups of South Sulawesi, the southwestern province of Sulawesi, Indonesia's third largest Selangor ( Jawi script: سلاڠور population 72 million is one of the 13 states of Malaysia. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding They had a powerful influence on the politics of Johor and Selangor. The strong Arab influence is apparent in art performances like Zapin and Hamdolok, musical instruments like gambus. Other visible legacies in Johor Bahru are the Arabic names of places such as Wadi Hana and Wadi Hassan in areas populated by the Arab community from Hadhramaut in the southeast of Yemen. Johor Bahru, also spelled Johor Baharu, Johor Baru, ( "Baru" means "new" in Malay) or Johore Bahru and abbreviated Hadhramaut, Hadhramout or Hadramawt (حضرموت) is a historical region of the south Arabian Peninsula along the Gulf of Aden in the Yemen ( Arabic: اليَمَن al-Yaman officially the Republic of Yemen ( Arabic: الجمهورية اليمنية al-Jumhuuriyya Wadi means valley in Arabic. Wadi (وادي) (also Vadi) is traditionally a valley In some cases it can refer to a dry riverbed that contains water only during times of heavy rain Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language

Language

The Johorean dialect of the Malay, also known as Johor-Riau Malay and originally spoken in Johor, Riau, Malacca and Singapore, has been adopted as the basis for both the Malaysian and Indonesian national languages, Malay and Indonesian, respectively. The Malay language ( ISO 639-1 code MS is an Austronesian language spoken by the Malay people and people of other ethnic groups who reside in the Riau is a province of Indonesia, located in the center of Sumatra Island along the Strait of Malacca. Singapore For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. The Malay language ( ISO 639-1 code MS is an Austronesian language spoken by the Malay people and people of other ethnic groups who reside in the Indonesian or Bahasa Indonesia, based on the Riau version of Malay language, was declared the official language with the declaration of Due to Johor's location at the confluence of trade routes within and without the Malay Archipelago, as well as the former economic might and influence of Malacca and Johor, the dialect spread as the region's lingua franca since the 15th century; hence the adoption of the dialect as the basis for the national languages. The Malay Archipelago is a name given to the Archipelago located between mainland Southeastern Asia ( Indochina) and Australia. A lingua franca (from Italian, literally meaning Frankish language, see etymology under Sabir and Italian below is any Language widely

Clothing

Zapin dance

Main article: Zapin

Zapin is a dance form which is popular in Malaysia especially in the state of Johor. Zapin ( Jawi: زافين) is a dance form that is popular in Malaysia especially in the state of Johor. It is believed to have been introduced by Muslim missionaries from the Middle East in the 14th century.

In the old days, only males were allowed to perform but nowadays, female dancers are included. It used to be performed exclusively for religious ceremonies but through the years it has become a form of traditional entertainment, hence the participation of female dancers are allowed.

The dancers usually perform in pairs and are accompanied by a traditional music ensemble normally consists of the gambus, accordion, violin, marwas (bongos), rebana (drum) and dok.

Kuda Kepang

Kuda kepang is a dance or game performed by Johoreans, especially of Javanese descent. Kuda kepang is a legless horse-shaped puppet that is straddled by the performers. Usually, a troupe of performers consists of 10 to 15 people. It is performed in wedding ceremonies and cultural celebrations. There are several possible origins of Kuda Kepang. It is said to be originated from the struggles of “Wali Songo”, a group of nine Islamic preachers in Java. Others said it originated from the movement of horses commanded by Ali, the fourth Muslim Caliph. There are several dance rhythms or patterns; the 'Sola', 'Selendang', 'Pak Tani', 'Pucuk Rebung', 'Perjuangan', and 'Mempertahankan Diri'. The bobbing movement of the performers and their horse puppet is called 'Lenggang Kiprah'.

The musical instruments used in kuda kepang performance are 'angklong', 'gendang', 'gong', 'kinong', 'jidor', 'soron kecil' and 'bonang'.

Legend of Badang

It is a story of Badang, a slave who gained super human strength by eating the sputum of a river spirit. Sputum is matter that is Expectorated from the respiratory tract such as Mucus or Phlegm, mixed with Saliva, which can then be spat He used this to win his release from his master. Contrary to popular belief, Badang was born in Sayong Pinang, Johor, not Singapore or Temasik as it was known then. Upon hearing his strength, he was summoned by the Seri Rama Wira Kerma of Temasik where he displayed his skills. Challengers were sent by foreign kingdoms to defeat him. Among them were King of Kalinga I from India who sent Nadi Bijaya Pikrama, a fierce wrestler and the noblemen of Perlak who sent Benderang. Badang emerged victorious from both fights and eventually stayed in Temasik until his death.

Legend of Malim Deman

Malim Deman is a king in Segamat who was in love with Princess Santan Bertapis. Segamat is a town and district located in the north of the state of Johor in Malaysia, bordering two other states of Malaysia ( Negeri Sembilan on the The princess was kidnapped by a spirit and Malim Deman swore that as long as the princess is not returned, the Segamat area shall experience floods for all eternity. However, with modern town planning and irrigation, flooding is now a rare occurrence in Segamat.

Legend of Gunung Ledang

See main article Legend of Gunung Ledang

Awang's spear returned to Dayang

Lembing Awang pulang ke Dayang (Awang's spear Returned to Dayang) is an incident that occurred in Parit Raja, Muar. The Legend of Gunung Ledang revolves around a princess that allegedly lived on Mount Ophir in Johor, Malaysia. In Malay it is translated as 'Lembing Awang Pulang ke Dayang'. The Malay language ( ISO 639-1 code MS is an Austronesian language spoken by the Malay people and people of other ethnic groups who reside in the It occurred in 1776 when a man called Awang returned to Parit Raja after more than 3 years abroad to marry his fiancee Dayang. Upon his return, he found out that another man called Bachok had told Dayang of Awang's death and she was to be married to him the next day. Awang showed up at the wedding and using a spear given by Raja Bugis, he speared Bachok in the stomach. The Bugis are the most numerous of the three major linguistic and ethnic groups of South Sulawesi, the southwestern province of Sulawesi, Indonesia's third largest Bachok, fatally injured, grabbed the spear in his stomach and speared his best man. The man then speared the next man he saw and this was repeated until the 99th person was speared. It was Dayang's father who was protecting Dayang. He did not continue the repeated spearing and died. Awang ran away to Endau and Dayang did not marry another until she died. Endau is a small town in Malaysia. It lies on the northern tip of east Johor and the southern tip of Pahang.

Hamdolok

Hamdolok originated from the exposure of Middle East culture introduced by Arabs in Johor. It is a traditional theatre performed during weddings and festivals. It is a blend of artistic characters of both the Middle-East and local Malay communities. Instruments used include the gambus, tambourine, maracas and conga drums. A gambus ( Arabian Oud) is a stringed instrument shaped like a Pear sliced in half The tambourine or Marine is a Musical instrument of the percussion family consisting of a frame often of wood or plastic with pairs of small metal jingles Maraca is also a genus of Tarantula. Maracas ( sometimes called rumba The conga is tall narrow single-headed Cuban Drum of African origin probably derived from the Congolese Makuta drums or Sikulu It was also inspired by the Bedouin celebrating the birth of Islamic prophet Muhammad playing musical instruments and reciting poetry.

The history of Johor from the late 1500s to the late 1600s is characterised by a series of succession struggles interspersed with strategic alliances struck with regional clans and foreign powers to maintain its political and economic hold in the Straits. In competition with the Acehnese of northern Sumatra and the port-kingdom of Malacca under Portuguese rule, Johor engaged in prolonged warfare with their rivals, often striking alliances with friendly Malay states and in particular the Dutch. See also Sultanate of Aceh Aceh (ʔaˈtɕɛh generally anglicized as ˈɑːtʃeɪ is a special territory ( daerah istimewa) of Indonesia Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470000 km² and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two Within Malaysia, the Malay states are the nine states of Peninsular Malaysia that have hereditary Rulers. In 1641 Johor in cooperation with the Dutch succeeded in capturing Malacca. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands By 1660, Johor had become a flourishing entrepôt, although weakening and splintering of the empire in the late seventeenth and eighteenth century reduced its sovereignty.

In the 18th century, the Bugis of Sulawesi and the Minangkabau of Sumatra controlled the political powers in the Johor-Riau Empire. The Bugis are the most numerous of the three major linguistic and ethnic groups of South Sulawesi, the southwestern province of Sulawesi, Indonesia's third largest Sulawesi (formerly known as Celebes, ˈsɛlɛbiz is one of the four larger Sunda Islands of Indonesia and is situated between Borneo and the The Minangkabau ethnic group (also known as Minang or Padang) is indigenous to the highlands of West Sumatra, in Indonesia. However, in the early 19th century, Malay and Bugis rivalry commanded the scene. In 1819, the Johor-Riau Empire was broken into the mainland Johor, controlled by the Temenggong, and the Sultanate of Riau-Lingga, controlled by the Bugis. This is when the history of modern Johor began. In 1855, under the terms of a treaty between the British in Singapore and Sultan Ali of Johor, the control over the State was formally ceded to Dato' Temenggong Daing Ibrahim, with the exception of the Kesang area (Muar), which was finally handed over in 1877. Almarhum Sultan Ali ibni Almarhum Sultan Husain Shah was the sultan of Sultanate of Johor from 1835 to 1877 Temenggong Ibrahim opened up Bandar Tanjung Puteri (later to become Johor's present-day capital) in south Johor as a major town.

Flag of Johor. The colour blue represents the State Government, the colour red for warriors defending the state, the white crescent and 5 sided star represent the monarchy and Islam.
Flag of Johor. The colour blue represents the State Government, the colour red for warriors defending the state, the white crescent and 5 sided star represent the monarchy and Islam.

Temenggong Ibrahim was succeeded by his son, Dato' Temenggong Abu Bakar, who later took the title Seri Maharaja Johor. In 1866, he was formally crowned the Sultan of Johor. Sultan Abu Bakar of Johor (1864 - 1895) was the one who gave Johor its own constitution and developed its efficient administration system and constructed the Istana Besar, the official residence of the Sultan. Almarhum Paduka Sri Sultan Sir Abu Bakar Ibn Almarhum Dato Temenggong Sri Maharaja Ibrahim, GCMG, KCSI, Due to these achievements, Sultan Abu Bakar is known by the title "Father of Modern Johor". He is immortalized at the Sultan Abu Bakar Monument. The monument is built in the seafront directly opposite the courthouse.

The increased demand for black pepper and gambier in the nineteenth century lead to the opening up of farmlands to the influx of Chinese immigrants, creating Johor's initial economic base. Black pepper ( Piper nigrum) is a flowering Vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its Fruit, which is usually dried Uncaria is a Genus of Flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae, native to Asia, Africa, and South America The Kangchu system was put in place with the first settlement of Kangkar Tebrau established in 1844. The Kangchu system (or sistem Kangcu in Malay港主 in Chinese is a system which was used once during the Johor Sultanate. The decline of the Kangchu economy at the end of the 19th century coincided with the opening of the railway line connecting Johor Bahru and the Federated Malay States in 1909 and the emergence of rubber plantations throughout the state. The Kangchu system (or sistem Kangcu in Malay港主 in Chinese is a system which was used once during the Johor Sultanate. Johor Bahru, also spelled Johor Baharu, Johor Baru, ( "Baru" means "new" in Malay) or Johore Bahru and abbreviated This article is not to be confused with the Unfederated Malay States. Under the British Resident system, Sultan Ibrahim, Sultan Abu Bakar's successor, was forced to accept a British adviser in 1904. A Resident, or in full Resident Minister, is a state official of certain representative -diplomatic and/or colonial- types required to take up permanent residency abroad officially D. G. Campbell was dispatched as the first British adviser to Johor. From the 1910s to the 1940s, Johor emerged as Malaya's top rubber producing state, a position it has held until recently. Johor was also until recently the largest oil palm producer in Malaysia. The oil palms ( Elaeis) comprise two species of the Arecaceae, or palm family

During World War II, Johor Bahru became the last city on the Malay peninsula to fall under the Japanese. Johor Bahru, also spelled Johor Baharu, Johor Baru, ( "Baru" means "new" in Malay) or Johore Bahru and abbreviated General Yamashita Tomoyuki had his headquarters on top of Bukit Serene and coordinated the downfall of Singapore. General was a General of the Japanese Imperial Army during the World War II. Singapore

Johor gave birth to the Malay opposition which derailed the Malayan Union plan. The Malayan Union was a federation of the Malay states and the Straits Settlements excluding Singapore. Malays under Dato' Onn Jaafar's leadership formed the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) in Johor on 11 May 1946. The United Malays National Organisation, or UMNO, (Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu is a Right-wing party and Malaysia 's largest Political (UMNO is currently the main component party of Malaysia's ruling Barisan Nasional coalition. Barisan Nasional ( National Front or BN) is a major political Coalition in Malaysia. ) In 1948, Johor joined the Federation of Malaya, which gained Independence in 1957. The Federation of Malaya (Persekutuan Tanah Melayu was a federation of 11 states formed on January 31 1948 from the nine Malay states and the British

Geography

Physical

In the official census of 2000, the population of Johor was 2. 75 million people with 54% Malays, 35% Chinese, 7% Indians and 4% others. It is the fifth largest state (18,984 km²) of Malaysia. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and It is the southernmost state in Peninsular Malaysia being South of Melaka, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang and North of Singapore from which it is separated by the Straits of Johor. Peninsular Malaysia ( Semenanjung Malaysia) also known as Malaya or West Malaysia, is the part of Malaysia which lies on Negeri Sembilan (also Negri Sembilan, Jawi: نڬري سمبيلن meaning "state of nine" in Malay, is a state of Malaysia. Pahang ( Jawi: ڨهڠ is the third largest state on Malaysia, after Sarawak and Sabah, occupying the huge Pahang River River Singapore The Straits of Johor (also known as the Tebrau Strait, Johor Strait, Selat Johor, Selat Tebrau, and Tebrau Reach) is a Strait The highest point in Johor is Gunung (mountain) Ledang (1276 m). Gunung Ledang is also known as Mount Ophir. Johor is the only state in Malaysia which has a 400 km beach stretching on both the East and the West coast.

Johor has 8 large islands with numerous smaller ones.

  1. Pulau Tinggi
  2. Pulau Rawa
  3. Pulau Sibu
  4. Pulau Tengah
  5. Pulau Pemanggil
  6. Pulau Aur
  7. Pulau Besar
  8. Pulau Lima

Weather

Johor experiences wet equatorial weather with monsoon rain from Nov until Feb blowing from the South China Sea. Pulau Tinggi, otherwise known as Tinggi Island is a large sparsely inhabited island which rises 2000 ft (600 m above sea level off the east coast of Johor, Rawa Island is a coral island off the east coast of Johor, Malaysia, 16 km by boat from Mersing town. Pulau Sibu is a small island off Malaysia 's eastern coast facing the South China Sea. Tengah Island is an uninhabited island It lies nine nautical miles off the coast of Mersing on the South China Sea off the east coast of Johor, Malaysia. Pemanggil Island sits 45 km east of Mersing, the take-off point to most islands off the Southern coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Pulau Aur, known locally as Aur Island, lies about 65km east of Mersing Johor, Malaysia. The South China Sea is a Marginal sea south of China. It is a part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from Singapore to the Average annual rainfall is 1778 mm with average temperature of between 25. 5 °C (78 °F) and 27. 8 °C (82 °F). Humidity is between 82 and 86%.

Hundred Year Peak Rain Fall

On 19 December 2006, continuously heavy downpour occurred in Johor. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. Many towns such as Muar, Kota Tinggi and Segamat were seriously flooded with water levels as high as 10 feet (3. Kota Tinggi is a small town in the state of Johor of Malaysia, located around 42 kilometers north-east of Johor Bahru, on the road to Segamat is a town and district located in the north of the state of Johor in Malaysia, bordering two other states of Malaysia ( Negeri Sembilan on the 0 m) above ground level recorded in some areas. 15 lives were lost and many possessions were destroyed and this resulted in huge financial losses in Johor. More than 100,000 victims were evacuated to flood relief centres.

Links to Singapore

Further information: Johor-Singapore Causeway
Further information: Malaysia-Singapore Second Link

Johor is linked to Singapore via two road connections: the Johor-Singapore Causeway and the Malaysia-Singapore Second Link. The Johor-Singapore Causeway (Tambak Johor is a 1056-metre Causeway that links the city of Johor Bahru in Malaysia across the Straits of Johor Malaysia-Singapore Second Link ( Laluan Kedua Malaysia-Singapura) is a bridge connecting Singapore and Johor, Malaysia. The Johor-Singapore Causeway (Tambak Johor is a 1056-metre Causeway that links the city of Johor Bahru in Malaysia across the Straits of Johor Malaysia-Singapore Second Link ( Laluan Kedua Malaysia-Singapura) is a bridge connecting Singapore and Johor, Malaysia.

The Johor-Singapore Causeway (length: 1038 m) was designed by Messrs Coode, Fizmaurice, Wilson and Mitchell of Westminster, while the construction contract was awarded to Topham, Jones & Railton Ltd of London. The Johor-Singapore Causeway (Tambak Johor is a 1056-metre Causeway that links the city of Johor Bahru in Malaysia across the Straits of Johor Westminster is an area of Central London, within the City of Westminster. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. It started in 1909 as a railway link by Johor State Railway to connect Johor Bahru to Singapore, then the administrative headquarters of British interests in South-East Asia. Construction of the road section started in 1919 and was completed in 1923.

The causeway has been a source of contention ever since Singapore seceded from Malaysia in 1965. Singapore rose in importance during the 14th century under the rule of Srivijayan prince Parameswara and became an important port until it was destroyed by Portuguese raiders in 1613 Stagnating water caused by the Causeway has raised health concerns in Johor. Malaysia proposed to replace the causeway with a bridge, allowing water, tide movement and ship movement from Pasir Gudang, the older port in Johor to the new port in Gelang Patah through the Straits of Johor. A bridge is a Structure built to span a Gorge, Valley, Road, railroad track, River, Body of water Singapore rejected this proposal, after which Malaysia came up with the idea of what became known as "the crooked half-bridge", 25 m above water level, and descending halfway to link up with the low-level causeway. The railway will have a swing bridge. A swing bridge is a Movable bridge that has as its primary structural support a vertical locating pin and support ring at or near to its center about which the turning The project is part of the Gerbang Selatan Bersepadu project. [2] It had been previously announced that the bridge project will go ahead, even without the agreement of the Singaporean government. The bridge will become a straight bridge if the Singaporean government accepts the project. Construction work on the bridge has stopped, however, on the orders of the Prime Minister, Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, who cited the unwillingness of Malaysia to sell sand and allow the use of Malaysian airspace by Singapore as a return for Singaporean consent to the bridge's construction. Dato' Seri Abdullah Hj Ahmad Badawi (born 26 November 1939 is a Malaysian politician who has served as Prime Minister since 2003

Animosity between previous leaders of both countries has abated with the rise of new leaders, Abdullah Badawi as Malaysian Prime Minister replacing Mahathir Mohamad and Lee Hsien Loong in Singapore replacing Goh Chok Tong. Dato' Seri Abdullah Hj Ahmad Badawi (born 26 November 1939 is a Malaysian politician who has served as Prime Minister since 2003 Tun Dr Mahathir bin Mohamad (ma'ħɑðiɽ bin mʊħɑmmæd̚ (recorded as born on 20 December 1925 was the fourth Prime Minister of Lee Hsien Loong ( born February 10, 1952) is the third and current Prime Minister of Singapore. Goh Chok Tong ( Hokkien: Gô· Chok-tòng born May 20 1941) was the second Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore from It has renewed talks and improved relations between countries.

Some analysts have concluded that replacing the causeway with a bridge would allow a creation of a comprehensive port system linking Johor Port and Tanjung Pelepas Port in Johor; some go on to suggest that this presents a threat to Singapore's port activity, thus explaining the initial reluctance of Singapore to agree to the causeway replacement.

The second road connection, the Malaysia-Singapore Second Link, was completed in October 1997; the link consists of a 1920 m twin-deck bridge supporting a dual-three lane carriageway linking Kampong Ladang in Tanjung Kupang, Johor, to Jalan Ahmad Ibrahim in Tuas, Singapore. Malaysia-Singapore Second Link ( Laluan Kedua Malaysia-Singapura) is a bridge connecting Singapore and Johor, Malaysia. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Tanjung Kupang is a small village near Nusajaya in Gelang Patah, Johor, Malaysia. Tuas is largely an industrial zone located in the western part of Singapore.

See also Geography and climate of Singapore. The Geography of Singapore is marked by a small heavily Urbanised, Island City-state in Southeast Asia, located at

Songs of Johor

The most famous song about Johor and Johor Bahru

Tanjung Puteri

Tambak Johor Tanjung Puteri

Selat Tebrau airnya biru

Di Pantai Lido tepian mandi

Sepanjang masa di hari minggu

Atas bukit Tanjung Puteri

Taman hiburan indah berseri

Pemandangan menawan hati

Jalan tambak hubungan negeri

(chorus)

Tanjung Sekijang nun di kuala

Tempat nelayan mengail gelama

Istana Hinggap di Kuala Danga

Pantai berkelah keluarga diRaja

Dari Tebrau orang berakit

Singgah Stulang membeli kopi

Pusara si Bongkok di lereng bukit

Di tepi pantai Tanjung Puteri

Cuisine

Dishes and cuisine in Johor are influenced by Arabs and the surrounding Malay archipelago. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding The Malay Archipelago is a name given to the Archipelago located between mainland Southeastern Asia ( Indochina) and Australia. Some of the dishes are a unique blend of ingredients not found anywhere in Malaysia. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Sadly, due to their difficult and sometimes complicated recipes, some are rare delights that can only be sampled in celebrations and state banquets.

Javanese-influenced cuisine

There are a few Johorean dishes with Javanese influences. These include lontong, nasi ambeng and bontrot or berkat - both traditionally served after feasts like wedding ceremonies, Yasinan and others; and ungkep. Lontong (not to be confused with Ketupat) is an Asian dish made of compressed rice that is then cut into small cakes

External links

Dictionary

Johor

-proper noun

  1. State in western Malaysia which has Johor Bahru as its capital.
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