John I, Count of Luxemburg.

John the Blind (Luxembourgish: Jang de Blannen; German: Johann der Blinde von Luxemburg; Czech: Jan Lucemburský; 10 August 1296 – 26 August 1346) was the Count of Luxembourg from 1309, King of Bohemia, and titular King of Poland from 1310. Luxembourgish (lb Lëtzebuergesch Luxembourgeois Luxemburgisch Luxemburgs Lussimbordjwès also called Luxembourgian, also spelled Luxemburgish, is one of The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Czech (ˈʧɛk čeština ˈʧɛʃcɪna in Czech is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers it is the majority language in the Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. For other uses of Luxembourg see Luxembourg (disambiguation The territory of Luxembourg was ruled successively by Counts This is a list of rulers of Bohemia. Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia, and Lusatia are territories which are or have Poland, or at least its nucleus was ruled at various times either by książęta (Dukes(ca He was the eldest son of the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VII and his wife Margaret of Brabant. The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states Henry VII ( Heinrich; c 1275 (or 1279 &ndash 24 August 1313) was the King of Germany (or Rex Romanorum) from 1308 and Margaret of Brabant ( 4 October 1276 &ndash 14 December 1311, Genoa) was the daughter of John I Duke of Brabant and

John was French by education, but deeply involved in the politics of Germany. In 1310, John married Elisabeth, heiress of Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, and thereby became King of Bohemia and so one of the seven prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire. Wenceslaus III Premyslid ( Czech and Slovak Václav, German: Wenzel III, Hungarian Vencel, Polish The Prince-Electors (or simply Electors) of the Holy Roman Empire ( German: Kurfürst ( pl The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in The object of the hostility of the Czech nobility, however, he gave up the administration of Bohemia and embarked on a life of travel, spending time in Luxembourg and the French court. His travels took him to Silesia, Poland, Lithuania, Tyrol, Northern Italy, Papal Avignon, and Languedoc, where he was governor from 30 November 1338 to November 1340. Etymology One theory claims that the name Silesia is derived from the Silingi, who were most likely a Vandalic (East Germanic people Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė old literary Lithuanian Didi Kunigiste Letuvos, Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje Tyrol is a region in Western Central Europe, which included the present day Austrian state of Tyrol (consisting of North Tyrol and East Related categories Central Italy Southern Italy Insular Italy Northeast Italy History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and Avignon (/aviɲɔ̃/ in French) ( Provençal: Avinhon in classical norm or Avignoun in Mistralian norm is a commune Languedoc ( in French Lengadòc in Occitan) is a former Province of France, now continued in the modern-day ''régions'' of Languedoc-Roussillon Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats He lost his eyesight from ophthalmia, while crusading in Lithuania with the Teutonic order. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the The Teutonic Order is a German Roman Catholic religious order.

He retained his crown even after Elisabeth's death in 1330. His second wife was Beatrice, daughter of Louis I, Duke of Bourbon. Louis I of Bourbon, le Boiteux, the Lame ( Clermont-en-Beauvaisis, 1279 &ndash January 29 1342) was Count of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis

He was killed whilst fighting alongside the French against the English at the Battle of Crécy, part of the Hundred Years' War. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Hundred Years' War (Guerre de Cent Ans was a prolonged conflict lasting from 1337 to 1453 between two royal houses for the French throne vacant with the extinction of the senior The chronicler Froissart left the following account of John's last actions:

. . . for all that he was nigh blind, when he understood the order of the battle, he said to them about him: 'Where is the lord Charles my son?' His men said: 'Sir, we cannot tell; we think he be fighting. ' Then he said: 'Sirs, ye are my men, my companions and friends in this journey: I require you bring me so far forward, that I may strike one stroke with my sword. ' They said they would do his commandment, and to the intent that they should not lose him in the press, they tied all their reins of their bridles each to other and set the king before to accomplish his desire, and so they went on their enemies. The lord Charles of Bohemia his son, who wrote himself king of Almaine and bare the arms, he came in good order to the battle; but when he saw that the matter went awry on their party, he departed, I cannot tell you which way. The king his father was so far forward that he strake a stroke with his sword, yea and more than four, and fought valiantly and so did his company; and they adventured themselves so forward, that they were there all slain, and the next day they were found in the place about the king, and all their horses tied each to other.

After the battle, legend states that John's personal crest (a pair of black wings) and motto Ich dien ("I Serve") were adopted in slightly modified form by Edward, the Black Prince, and since then they have been part of the badge of the Prince of Wales. The word crest is often mistakenly applied to a Coat of arms. Edward of Woodstock, Prince of Wales, KG (15 June 1330 – 8 June 1376 popularly known as The Black Prince, was the eldest son of King Edward The Prince of Wales's feathers is the Heraldic badge of the Prince of Wales. Prince of Wales (Tywysog Cymru is a title traditionally granted to the Heir Apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom (and formerly the Kingdom

John was succeeded as King of Bohemia by his eldest son Charles (later Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor). Charles IV ( Czech: Karel IV, German: Karl IV, Hungarian: IV Károly; 14 May 1316 &ndash In Luxembourg, he was succeeded by his son by his second wife, Wenceslaus.

Quotes

According to the Cronica ecclesiae pragensis benesii krabice de weitmile, before he died at the Battle of Crécy, he cried: "God willing, it will never happen that a Bohemian king runs off a fight!"

Family and children

Coat of Arms of John the Blind, Count of Luxemburg and King of Bohemia.

He was married two times:

First, to Elizabeth I of Bohemia. In this marriage he had the following children:

1. Margaret of Bohemia (8 July 1313–11 July 1341, Prague), married in Straubing 12 August 1328 to Henry XIV, Duke of Bavaria. Margaret of Bohemia ( 1313 - 1341) was the daughter of John I King of Bohemia and Count of Luxembourg by his first wife Elizabeth I of Bohemia Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. Straubing is an independent city in Lower Bavaria, southern Germany. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid Henry XIV duke of Bavaria, as duke of Lower Bavaria also called Henry II
2. Bonne (21 May 1315–11 September 1349, Maubuisson), married in Melun 6 August 1332 to King John II of France. Bonne of Luxemburg (also Bona ( May 20, 1315 &ndash September 11, 1349) was born Jutta the daughter of John the Blind of Luxemburg Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Melun is a commune in the southeastern Suburbs of Paris, France. Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. John II (16 April 1319 &ndash 8 April 1364 called John the Good (Jean le Bon was Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, and Duke of Normandy
3. Charles IV (14 May 1316–29 November 1378), King of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor. Charles IV ( Czech: Karel IV, German: Karl IV, Hungarian: IV Károly; 14 May 1316 &ndash Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the Events 1777 - San Jose California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states
4. Ottokar ("Otto") (22 November 1318–20 April 1320), Prince of Bohemia. Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII.
5. John Henry (Jan Jindrich) (12 February 1322, Mělník–12 November 1375), Margrave of Moravia. John Henry of Luxembourg, Czech Jan Jindřich, German Johann Heinrich ( 12 February 1322, Mělník &ndash 12 November Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Mělník (ˈmɲɛlɲiːk is a town in the Czech Republic, Central Bohemian Region. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days Margrave (marchio is the English and French form (recorded since 1551 of the German Title Markgraf (from Mark " Moravia (Morava; Morawy Moravie Moravia is a historical region in central Europe in the east of the Czech Republic, one of the former Czech lands.
6. Anna (1323–3 September 1338), twin of Elizabeth, married 16 February 1335 to Otto, Duke of Austria. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Events 1249 - Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khan of the Mongols Otto IV the Merry ( July 23, 1301 - February 17, 1339) was a Duke of Austria and the youngest son of Albert I of Germany
7. Elizabeth (1323–1324), twin of Anna.

Second (December 1334), to Beatrix of Bourbon, daughter of Louis I, Duke of Bourbon. Louis I of Bourbon, le Boiteux, the Lame ( Clermont-en-Beauvaisis, 1279 &ndash January 29 1342) was Count of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis This marriage produced two children:

1. Wenceslaus I of Luxembourg (25 February 1337, Prague–7 December 1383, Luxembourg), Duke of Luxembourg and Brabant. Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways For other uses of Luxembourg see Luxembourg (disambiguation The territory of Luxembourg was ruled successively by Counts The Duchy of Brabant was formally erected in 1183/1184 The title " Duke of Brabant " was created by the German Emperor Frederick Barbarossa in favor of
2. Bonne

References

• The Chronicles of Froissart, translated by Lord Berners, edited by G. Henry III of Brabant (c 1230 &ndash February 28, 1261, Leuven) was Duke of Brabant between 1248 and his death Louis II of Flanders ( October 25, 1330, Male &ndash January 30 1384, Lille) also Louis III of Artois and John I of Brabant, also called John the Victorious ( Leuven 1252/1253 &ndash May 3, 1294 in Leuven) was Duke of Brabant Margaret of Dampierre ( 13 April 1350 &ndash 16/ 21 March 1405) was Countess of Flanders (as Margaret III) Countess Henry VII ( Heinrich; c 1275 (or 1279 &ndash 24 August 1313) was the King of Germany (or Rex Romanorum) from 1308 and Margaret of Brabant ( 4 October 1276 &ndash 14 December 1311, Genoa) was the daughter of John I Duke of Brabant and C. Macaulay. The Harvard Classics. [1]
• CRONICA ECCLESIAE PRAGENSIS BENESSII KRABICE DE WEITMILE [2]