John William Mackay (November 28, 1831-July 20, 1902) was an American capitalist, born in Dublin, Ireland. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Capitalism is the Economic system in which the Means of production are owned by private Persons and operated for Profit and where Dublin (ˈdʌblɨn/ /ˈdʊblɨn or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/, bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh or cliə(ɸ is both the largest city and capital of Ireland.
Biography
His parents brought him in 1840 to New York City, where he worked in a shipyard. The City of New York Shipyards and dockyards are places which repair and build ships These can be Yachts military In 1851 he went to California and worked in placer gold-mines in Sierra County. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Placer mining (pronounced "plass-er" refers to the mining of alluvial deposits for Minerals This may be done by open-pit (also called open-cast Sierra County is a county located in the Sierra Nevada of the U In 1852 he went to Virginia City, Nevada, and there, after losing all he had made in California, he formed a business partnership with fellow Irishmen James Graham Fair, James C. Flood, and William S. O'Brien. James Graham Fair ( December 3, 1831 &ndash San Francisco, December 28, 1894) was the overnight millionaire part-owner of the William S O'Brien (1825-1878 was an American businessman who formed a business partnership with fellow Irishmen James Graham Fair, James C The four dealt in mining stocks and operated silver mines on the Comstock Lode, and in 1873 discovered the great orebody known as the "big bonanza" in the Consolidated Virginia and California mine, an orebody more than 1,200 feet deep, which yielded in March of that year as much as $632 per ton, and in 1877 nearly $19,000,000 altogether. The Comstock Lode was the first major US deposit of Silver Ore, discovered under what is now Virginia City Nevada on the eastern slope of Mt The four-way partnership, although formally called "Flood and O'Brien," was more commonly known as the Bonanza firm. Together they also established the Bank of Nevada in San Francisco. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city
In 1884, with James Gordon Bennett, Mackay formed the Commercial Cable Company — largely to fight Jay Gould and the Western Union Telegraph Company — laid two transatlantic cables, and forced the toll-rate for transatlantic messages down to twenty-five cents a word. James Gordon Bennett may refer to James Gordon Bennett Sr (1795&ndash1872 first publisher of the New York Herald James Gordon The Commercial Cable Company was founded in the United States in 1884 by John William Mackay and James Gordon Bennett Jr Jason "Jay" Gould ( May 27, 1836 &ndash December 2, 1892) was an American Financier who became a leading American railroad The Western Union Company ( is a financial services and communications company based in the United States. In connection with the Commercial Cable Company, he formed the Postal Telegraph Company. Until Mackay and Bennett entered the field, all submarine cable traffic between the United States and Europe went over cables owned by the American financier Jay Gould. Jason "Jay" Gould ( May 27, 1836 &ndash December 2, 1892) was an American Financier who became a leading American railroad A rate war followed that took almost two years to conclude. Jay Gould finally quit trying to run John Mackay out of business. He was quoted as saying, "You can't beat Mackay, all he has to do when he needs money is go to Nevada and dig up some more".
Once Mackay had conquered the Atlantic with the Commercial Cable Company and the vast land mass of North America with the Postal Telegraph Company he turned his sights on laying the first cable across the Pacific. The Commercial Cable Company was founded in the United States in 1884 by John William Mackay and James Gordon Bennett Jr The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions He subsequently formed the Commercial Pacific Cable Company in partnership with the Great Northern Telegraph Company and the Eastern Telegraph Company and although he died in 1902 before this part of his vision was completed, his son Clarence Mackay, saw the project through to completion in 1904. Commercial Pacific Cable Company was founded in 1901 and ceased operations in October 1951 Cable & Wireless ( is a British Telecommunications company In the mid-1980s it became the first company in the UK to offer an alternative Telephone Clarence Hungerford Mackay ( April 17, 1874 &ndash November 12, 1938) was an American financier believed to inherit most of a $500
The Mackay System expanded under Clarence H. Mackay's leadership until it was bought out in 1928 by International Telephone and Telegraph. The Mackay System continued to be the chief rival of Western Union until it merged into Western Union in 1943.
Mackay was famous for fair dealings with his employees, and gave generously, especially to the charities of the Roman Catholic Church, and endowed the Catholic orphan asylum in Virginia City, Nevada. The definition of charitable organization, and of charity varies according to the country and in some instances the region of the country in which the charitable organization operates An orphan (from the Greek ὀρφανός) is a child whose natural parents are absent or dead and who are not there to bring him up In June 1908 the Mackay School of Mines was presented to the University of Nevada, as a memorial to him, by his widow and his son, Clarence H. The Mackay School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, formerly Mackay School of Mines, is a specialized school within the University of Nevada Reno. The University of Nevada Reno ( Nevada) is a University located in Reno Nevada, USA and is known for its programs in agricultural research journalism Mackay. A statue of John Mackay stands in front of the mining building on the university campus in Reno, Nevada.
Mackay died on July 20, 1902 in London. Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The Mackay Mountains in Antarctica were named after him. Mackay Mountains ( is a prominent group of peaks 10 miles south of the Allegheny Mountains in the Ford Ranges, Marie Byrd Land.
References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
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