John Wood Campbell, Jr. Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A literary genre is a category of literary composition Genres may be determined by Literary technique, tone, Content, or even (as in the case of fiction (June 8, 1910 – July 11, 1971) was an important science fiction editor and writer. Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. As a writer he was first influential under his own name as a writer of super-science space opera and then under the name Don A. Space opera is a subgenre of Speculative fiction or Science fiction that emphasizes romantic, often Melodramatic adventure set mainly or entirely Stuart, a pseudonym he used for moodier, less pulpish stories. However, Campbell's primary influence on the genre was as the editor of Astounding Science Fiction, a post that he held from late 1937 until his death. Analog Science Fiction and Fact is an American Science fiction Magazine. In that role he is generally credited with helping to create the so-called Golden Age of Science Fiction, which is often held to have started with the July 1939 issue of Astounding. The first Golden Age of Science Fiction, often recognized as a period from the late 1930s or early 1940s through to the 1950s was an era during which the science fiction genre gained wide Isaac Asimov called Campbell "the most powerful force in science fiction ever, and for the first ten years of his editorship he dominated the field completely. Isaac Asimov (c January 2 1920 &ndash April 6 1992 ˈaɪzək ˈæzɪmʌv originally Исаак Озимов but now transcribed into Russian as, was a Russian "^[1] At the time of his sudden and unexpected death after 34 years at the helm of Astounding, however, his quirky personality and occasionally eccentric editorial demands had alienated a number of his most illustrious writers such as Asimov and Robert A. Heinlein to the point that they no longer submitted works to him. Robert Anson Heinlein (July 7 1907 – May 8 1988 was an American Novelist and Science fiction Writer.

Biographical information

Campbell was born in Newark, New Jersey^[2] in 1910. Newark is the largest city in New Jersey, United States and the County seat of Essex County. His father was a cold, impersonal, and unaffectionate electrical engineer. His mother, Dorothy (née Strahern) was warm but changeable of character and had an identical twin who visited them often and who disliked young John. Twins are Offspring resulting from the same Pregnancy, either of the same or opposite Sex. John was unable to tell them apart and was frequently coldly rebuffed by the person he took to be his mother. ^[3] Campbell attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he befriended Norbert Wiener, one of the godfathers of computers. Norbert Wiener ( November 26, 1894, Columbia Missouri – March 18, 1964, Stockholm, Sweden) was an American He began writing science fiction at age 18 and quickly sold his first stories. By the time he was 21 he was a well-known pulp writer of super-science space opera but had been dismissed by MIT: he had failed German. He then spent one year at Duke University, from which he graduated with a Bachelor of Science in physics in 1932. Duke University is a private Research University located in Durham, North Carolina, United States. ^[4][5] Asimov notes Campbell's presence at Duke and speculates that Duke was "best known in my youth for the work of Joseph B. Rhine on extrasensory perception, and that may have influenced Campbell's later views on the subject. Joseph Banks Rhine ( September 29, 1895 &ndash February 20, 1980) (usually known as J "^[6] Damon Knight writes that Campbell was a "portly, bristled-haired blond man with a challenging stare" who told him once that "he wasn't sure how much longer he would edit Astounding. Damon Francis Knight ( September 19, 1922 &ndash April 15, 2002) was an American Science fiction Author, He might quit and go into science. 'I'm a nuclear physicist, you know,' he said, looking me right in the eye. "^[7] He was married to Dona Stewart in 1931, divorced in 1949, then remarried in 1950 to Margaret (Peg) Winter. He spent most of his life in New Jersey and died at home, "quietly, quickly, painlessly, as he sat before his television. "^[8]

Writing career

Campbell's first published story, "When the Atoms Failed", appeared in the January 1930 issue of Amazing Stories, when he was 18; he had had a previous story, "Invaders from the Infinite", accepted by Amazing's editor, T. O'Conor Sloane, but Sloane had lost the manuscript. Amazing Stories was an American Science fiction magazine launched in April 1926 by Hugo Gernsback 's Experimenter Publishing. T(homas O'Conor Sloane ( November 21, 1851 - August 7, 1940) was the editor of Amazing Stories from 1929 through ^[5] Campbell's early fiction included a space opera series based around three characters, Arcot, Morey and Wade; and another series with lead characters Penton and Blake. All were eventually published in book form in the 1950s and 1960s. This early work established Campbell's reputation as a leading writer of space adventure; and when he began in 1934 to publish stories with a different tone, he used a pseudonym, Don A. Stuart, perhaps because of the difference in style. The pseudonym was derived from the maiden name of Campbell's wife, Dona Stuart. ^[3]

Soon Stuart also had a strong reputation as a leading writer, and from 1930 until the later part of the decade Campbell was prolific and successful under both his own name and the Stuart pseudonym. Two significant stories published under the pseudonym are "Twilight" (Astounding, November 1934), the first Stuart story, which immediately established the reputation of the apparently new author; and "Who Goes There?" (Astounding, August 1938), about a group of Antarctic researchers who discover a crashed alien vessel, complete with a malevolent shape-changing occupant. Who Goes There? is a Science fiction Novella by John W Campbell Jr This was filmed as The Thing from Another World (1951) and again as The Thing (1982). The Thing from Another World, often referred to as The Thing before 1982 is a 1951 Science fiction film which tells the story of Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) "Who Goes There?", published when Campbell was only 28, was his last significant piece of fiction. As Sam Moskowitz has written about Campbell in his early critical study of science-fiction writers, "From the memories of his childhood he drew the most fearsome agony of the past: the doubts, the fears, the shock, and the frustration of repeatedly discovering that the woman who looked so much like his mother was not who she seemed. Sam Moskowitz ( June 30, 1920 - April 15, 1997) was an early fan and organizer of interest in Science fiction and later a writer critic Who goes there? Friend or foe?"^[9]

Editorship of Astounding and Unknown; the Golden Age

In late 1937, F. Orlin Tremaine hired Campbell as the editor of Astounding. F Orlin Tremaine ( January 7, 1899 - October 22, 1956) was an American Science fiction editor ^[10][11] Campbell was not given full authority for Astounding until May of 1938,^[12] but in fact had been responsible for buying stories somewhat earlier, perhaps as early as the October 1937 issue,^[11] although the statement of ownership in the November 1937 issue listed Tremaine as the editor as of October 1, 1937. ^[13] An editorial notice in the April 1938 issue made it clear he was responsible for stories appearing as early as February. ^[10][14]

Campbell began to make changes almost immediately. He instigated a mutant label for unusual stories, and in March 1938 changed the title of the magazine from Astounding Stories to Astounding Science-Fiction. He had intended to eventually change the name to simply Science Fiction, but Blue Ribbon Magazines brought out a magazine with that title in March 1939, and Campbell decided to retain the existing name.

Lester del Rey's first story, in March 1938, was a notable find for Campbell, but in 1939 such an extraordinary group of new writers were published for the first time in the pages of Astounding that the period is generally regarded as the beginning of the Golden Age of science fiction, and the July 1939 issue in particular. ^[15] The July issue contained A. E. van Vogt's first story, "Black Destroyer"; and Isaac Asimov's early story "Trends"; August brought Robert A. Heinlein's first story, "Lifeline", and the next month Theodore Sturgeon's first story appeared. Alfred Elton van Vogt (April 26 1912 – January 26 2000 was a Canadian -born Science fiction author who was one of the most prolific Isaac Asimov (c January 2 1920 &ndash April 6 1992 ˈaɪzək ˈæzɪmʌv originally Исаак Озимов but now transcribed into Russian as, was a Russian Robert Anson Heinlein (July 7 1907 – May 8 1988 was an American Novelist and Science fiction Writer. Theodore Sturgeon (born Edward Hamilton Waldo on February 26, 1918; died May 8, 1985) was an American Science fiction Virginia Heinlein writes in her collection of Heinlein's letters that Campbell was "a large, tall man who threw off ideas like a sparkler. . . . Robert did not admire his writing style and objected strenuously to the various changes JWC made in Robert's stories. "^[16]

Also in 1939, Campbell started the fantasy magazine Unknown (later Unknown Worlds) . Unknown (also known as Unknown Worlds) was a pulp Fantasy fiction magazine, edited by John W Although Unknown was cancelled after only four years, a victim of wartime paper shortages, the magazine's editorial direction was significant in the evolution of modern fantasy.

Campbell was regarded by many of the Astounding stable of writers as an important and encouraging influence on their work, and there are many stories in the reminiscences of writers such as Isaac Asimov and Lester del Rey of their interactions with him. Generally, he is widely considered to be the single most important and influential editor in the history of science fiction. As The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction wrote about Campbell: "More than any other individual, he helped to shape modern sf. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction is a Reference work on Science fiction. "^[5] This influence is generally considered to be during the period between 1938 and about 1950. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. After that, new magazines such as Galaxy and The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, building upon the foundation Astounding had laid during the so-called Golden Age of Science Fiction, moved in different directions and developed talented new writers who were not directly influenced by him. Galaxy Science Fiction was a digest-size Science fiction magazine, the creation of noted editor H The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction (later Fantasy & Science Fiction and usually referred to as just F&SF) is a digest-size

Asimov says of his unmatched influence on the field: "By his own example and by his instruction and by his undeviating and persisting insistence, he forced first Astounding and then all science fiction into his mold. He abandoned the earlier orientation of the field. He demolished the stock characters who had filled it; eradicated the penny-dreadful plots; extirpated the Sunday-supplement science. In a phrase, he blotted out the purple of pulp. Instead, he demanded that science-fiction writers understand science and understand people, a hard requirement that many of the established writers of the 1930s could not meet. Campbell did not compromise because of that: those who could not meet his requirements could not sell to him, and the carnage was as great as it had been in Hollywood a decade before, while silent movies had given way to the talkies. "^[17]

The most famous example of the type of speculative but plausible science fiction that Campbell demanded from his writers is Deadline, a short story by Cleve Cartmill that appeared during the wartime year of 1944, a year before the detonation of the first atomic bomb. Cleve Cartmill (1908 - 1964 was an American author who specialized in writing Science fiction short stories A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from Nuclear reactions either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. As Ben Bova, Campbell's successor as editor at Analog, writes, it "described the basic facts of how to build an atomic bomb. Benjamin William Bova (born November 8, 1932) is an American Science fiction author and editor Cartmill and. . . Campbell worked together on the story, drawing their scientific information from papers published in the technical journals before the war. To them, the mechanics of constructing a uranium-fission bomb seemed perfectly obvious. " The FBI, however, descended on Campbell's office after the story appeared in print and demanded that the issue be removed from the newsstands. Campbell convinced them that by removing the magazine "the FBI would be advertising to everyone that such a project existed and was aimed at developing nuclear weapons" and the demand was dropped. ^[18]

Campbell was also responsible for the grim, and controversial, ending of Tom Godwin's famous short story "The Cold Equations". " The Cold Equations " is a Science fiction short story by Tom Godwin, first published in Astounding Magazine in 1954 Joe Green says that Campbell had "three times! sent "Cold Equations" back to Godwin, before he got the version he wanted. . . . Godwin kept coming up with ingenious ways to save the girl! Since the strength of this deservedly classic story lies in the fact the life of one young woman must be sacrificed to save the lives of many, it simply wouldn't have the same impact if she had lived. "^[19]

The famous November 1949 "future" issue, in which all the stories had previously been "reviewed" in November of 1948

Campbell revealed a sly sense of humor in the November 1949 issue. He had always encouraged literary criticism by Astounding's readership, and in the November 1948 issue he published a letter to the editor by a reader named Richard A. Hoen that contained a detailed ranking of the contents of an issue one year in the future. Campbell went along with the joke and contracted stories from most of the authors mentioned in the letter that would follow the fan's imaginary story titles. Ironically, when the issue actually appeared, Hoen had forgotten his original letter, and was supposedly "amazed at how many of my favorite authors appeared in one issue". One of the best-known stories from that issue is "Gulf", by Robert A. Heinlein. Gulf ( 1949) is a Novella by Robert A Heinlein, originally published as a serial in the November and December 1949 issues of Robert Anson Heinlein (July 7 1907 – May 8 1988 was an American Novelist and Science fiction Writer. Other stories and articles were written by a number of the most famous authors of the time: Isaac Asimov, Theodore Sturgeon, Lester del Rey, A. E. van Vogt, L. Sprague de Camp, and the astronomer R. S. Richardson. Isaac Asimov (c January 2 1920 &ndash April 6 1992 ˈaɪzək ˈæzɪmʌv originally Исаак Озимов but now transcribed into Russian as, was a Russian Theodore Sturgeon (born Edward Hamilton Waldo on February 26, 1918; died May 8, 1985) was an American Science fiction Lester del Rey ( June 2 1915 &ndash May 10 1993) was an American Science fiction author and editor. Alfred Elton van Vogt (April 26 1912 – January 26 2000 was a Canadian -born Science fiction author who was one of the most prolific Lyon Sprague de Camp, ( November 27 1907 – November 6 2000) was an American science fiction and fantasy author Robert Shirley Richardson (1902 &ndash 1981 was an American astronomer. ^[20]

Editorials and opinions

Campbell was well known for the opinionated editorials in each issue of the magazine, wherein he would sometimes put forth quite preposterous hypotheses, perhaps intended to generate story ideas. An anthology of these editorials was published in 1966. Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. He also suggested story ideas to writers (including, famously, "Write me a creature that thinks as well as a man, or better than a man, but not like a man"), and sometimes asked for stories to match cover paintings he had already bought.

Isaac Asimov once asked Campbell why he had stopped writing fiction after he became the editor of Astounding. Campbell explained, "Isaac, when I write, I write only my own stories. As editor, I write the stories that a hundred people write. "^[21]

Slavery

Science-fiction writer Joe Green writes that Campbell "enjoyed taking the 'devil's advocate' position in almost any area, willing to defend even viewpoints with which he disagreed if that led to a livelier debate. " As an example, he says that during a conversation with him Campbell "pointed out that the much-maligned 'peculiar institution' of slavery in the American South had in fact provided the blacks brought there with a higher standard of living than they had in Africa. " Green goes on to say that he was "very much afraid that in fact he was sincere. I suspected, from comments by Asimov, among others — and some Analog editorials I had read — that John held some racist views, at least in regard to blacks. " Finally, however, Green agreed with Campbell that "rapidly increasing mechanization after 1850 would have soon rendered slavery obsolete anyhow. It would have been better for the USA to endure it a few more years than suffer the truly horrendous costs of the Civil War. "^[22]

In a June, 1961, editorial called "Civil War Centennial" Campbell argued that slavery had been a dominant form of human relationships for most of history and that the present was unusual in that anti-slavery cultures dominated the planet. He went on to say that ". . . it's my bet that the South would have been integrated by 1910. The job would have been done — and done right — half a century sooner, with vastly less human misery, and with almost no bloodshed. . . . The only way slavery has ever been ended, anywhere, is by introducing industry. . . . If a man is a skilled and competent machinist — if the lathes work well under his hands — the industrial management will be forced, to remain in business, to accept that fact, whether the man be black, white, purple, or polka-dotted. "^[23]

Smoking

Campbell was a heavy smoker throughout his life and was seldom seen without his customary cigarette holder. In the Analog of September, 1964, 9 months after the Surgeon General's first major warning about the dangers of cigarette smoking had been issued on January 11th, Campbell ran an editorial called "A Counterblaste to Tobacco" named after the similarly named antismoking book by James I of England. A Counterblaste to Tobacco is a Treatise written by King James I of England in 1604, in which he expresses his distaste for Tobacco James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625 was King of Scotland as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James ^[24] In it he stated that the connection to lung cancer was "esoteric" and referred to "a barely determinable possible correlation between cigarette smoking and cancer". He went on to claim that tobacco's calming effects led to more effective thinking, a true benefit. "How many of the world's great leaders," he concluded, "under maximum tension and pressure, have maintained calm, a sense of responsibility, and the driving will to achieve essential to human affairs. . . with tobacco?"^[25]

The Dean drive

In the 1950s, Campbell developed strong interests in alternative theories that began to isolate him from some of his own mainstream writers such as Asimov. He wrote favorably about such things as the "Dean drive," a device that supposedly produced thrust in violation of Newton's third law, and the "Hieronymus machine," which could supposedly amplify psi powers. The Dean drive is a device intended to be a reactionless thruster that was invented by Norman L Sir Isaac Newton, FRS (ˈnjuːtən 4 January 1643 31 March 1727) Biography Early years See also Isaac Newton's early life and achievements Newton's laws of motion are three Physical laws which provide relationships between the Forces acting on a body and the motion of the Hieronymus machines were the ostensible invention of Dr Thomas Galen Hieronymus ( 21 November 1895 – 1988 He published many stories about telepathy and other psionic abilities. Telepathy ( Greek τηλε tele meaning "distant" and πάθεια patheia meaning "to be affected by" describes the purported transfer Psionics is the study and/or practice of using the mind to induce paranormal phenomena In 1949 Campbell also became interested in Dianetics. Dianetics is a set of ideas and practices regarding the relationship between the spirit mind and body that were developed by L He was initially a strong supporter, writing of Hubbard's initial article in Astounding that "It is, I assure you in full and absolute sincerity, one of the most important articles ever published. "^[26] He also claimed to have successfully used dianetic techniques himself: "The memory stimulation technique is so powerful that, within thirty minutes of entering therapy, most people will recall in full detail their own birth. I have observed it in action, and used the techniques myself. "^[26] In addition to publishing L. Ron Hubbard's first articles on the subject, Campbell continued to write editorials in support of Dianetics for a time. Lafayette Ronald Hubbard (March 13 1911 &ndash January 24 1986 was a fiction writer who devised a self-help technique called Dianetics and philosophy known as Scientology

Writing about the Campbell of this period, the noted science-fiction writer and critic Damon Knight commented in his book In Search of Wonder: "In the pantheon of magazine science fiction there is no more complex and puzzling figure than that of John Campbell, and certainly none odder. Damon Francis Knight ( September 19, 1922 &ndash April 15, 2002) was an American Science fiction Author, " Knight also wrote a four-stanza ditty about some of Campbell's new interests. The first stanza reads:

Oh, the Dean Machine, the Dean Machine,

You put it right in a submarine,

And it flies so high that it can't be seen --

The wonderful, wonderful Dean Machine!

Pseudoscience

Isaac Asimov writes: "A number of writers wrote pseudoscientific stuff to ensure sales to Campbell, but the best writers retreated, I among them. "^[27]

Asimov was not alone in his opinion. In 1957, the novelist and critic James Blish could write: "From the professional writer's point of view, the primary interest in Astounding Science Fiction continues to center on the editor's preoccupation with extrasensory powers and perceptions ("psi") as a springboard for stories. James Benjamin Blish ( East Orange, New Jersey, May 23, 1921 – Henley-on-Thames, July 30, 1975) was an . . . 113 pages of the total editorial content of the January and February 1957 issues of this magazine are devoted to psi, and 172 to non-psi material. . . . [By including the first part of a serial that later becomes a novel about psi] the total for these first two issues of 1957 is 145 pages of psi text, and 140 pages of non-psi. "^[28]

Asimov also says that "Campbell championed far-out ideas. . . . He pained very many of the men he had trained (including me) in doing so, but felt it was his duty to stir up the minds of his readers and force curiosity right out to the border lines. He began a series of editorials. . . in which he championed a social point of view that could sometimes be described as far right. (He expressed sympathy for George Wallace in the 1968 national election, for instance), although many of his opinions were extremely far left, for example, the new-age theories of psi powers more often associated with the so-called 'counter-culture', something which no right-minded right-winger would ever consider as 'science'. George Corley Wallace Jr (August 25 1919 September 13 1998 was a Democratic Governor of Alabama for four terms (1963-1967 1971-1979 and 1983-1987 and ran for There was bitter opposition to this from many (including me — I could hardly ever read a Campbell editorial and keep my temper, but then, I'm not very smart). "^[29]

This attempted (and often successful) steering of writers' efforts led to a filksong:

On yonder hill there stands a building,

and upon the fourteenth floor

stands a group of authors moaning

as they've never moaned before:

Oh, no, John, no, John, no, John, no!

In the eyes of others

Asimov says in his autobiography that Campbell was "talkative, opinionated, quicksilver-minded, overbearing. Filk is a musical culture genre and community tied to science fiction/fantasy fandom. Talking to him meant listening to a monologue. . . . He was a tall, large man with light hair, a beaky nose, a wide face with thin lips, and with a cigarette in a holder forever clamped between his teeth. "^[6] At the same time, Asimov considered Campbell a father figure, noting that the shock he felt upon hearing of the death of Campbell was second only to the shock when his father died in 1969. "Six-foot-one, with hawklike features, he presented a formidable appearance," says Moskowitz. ^[30] Damon Knight's opinion of Campbell was similar to Asimov's: "No doubt I could have got myself invited to lunch long before, but Campbell's lecture-room manner was so unpleasant to me that I was unwilling to face it. Campbell talked a good deal more than he listened, and he liked to say outrageous things. ". ^[31] The notable British novelist and critic Kingsley Amis, in his seminal 1960 book about science fiction, New Maps of Hell, dismisses Campbell brusquely: "I might just add as a sociological note that the editor of Astounding, himself a deviant figure of marked ferocity, seems to think he has invented a psi machine. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Sir Kingsley William Amis, CBE ( April 16, 1922 &ndash October 22, 1995) was an English Novelist, "^[32]

The noted SF writer Alfred Bester, an editor of Holiday Magazine and a sophisticated Manhattanite, recounts at some length his "one demented meeting" with Campbell, a man he imagined from afar to be "a combination of Bertrand Russell and Ernest Rutherford," across the river in Newark. Alfred Bester ( December 18, 1913 - September 30, 1987) known to his friends as Alfie, was an American science fiction Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York Bertrand Arthur William Russell 3rd Earl Russell, OM, FRS (18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970 was a British Philosopher, Historian Ernest Rutherford 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, OM, PC, FRS (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937 was a New Zealand Physicist ^[33] The first thing Campbell said to him was that Freud was dead, destroyed by the new discovery of Dianetics, which, he predicted, would win L. Sigmund Freud (ˈziːkmʊnt ˈfʁɔʏt born Sigismund Shlomo Freud (May 6 1856 &ndash September 23 1939 was an Austrian Psychiatrist who founded Ron Hubbard the Nobel Peace Prize. The Nobel Peace Prize ( Swedish, Danish and Nobels fredspris is one of five Nobel Prizes Bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Over a sandwich in a dingy New Jersey lunchroom Campbell ordered the bemused Bester to "think back. Clear yourself. Remember! You can remember when your mother tried to abort you with a button hook. You've never stopped hating her for it. " Shaking, Bester eventually made his escape and "returned to civilization where I had three double gibsons. Gibson appliances are a brand of Electrolux, part of the Frigidaire operating unit " He adds: "It reinforced my private opinion that a majority of the science-fiction crowd, despite their brilliance, were missing their marbles. "

Asimov's final word on Campbell was that "in the last twenty years of his life, he was only a diminishing shadow of what he had once been. "^[34] Even Robert A. Heinlein, perhaps Campbell's most important discovery and, Virginia Heinlein recounts, by 1940 a "fast friend",^[35] eventually tired of Campbell. "When Podkayne was offered to him, he wrote Robert, asking what he knew about raising young girls in a few thousand carefully chosen words. Podkayne of Mars is a Science fiction novel by Robert A Heinlein, originally serialised in Worlds of If (November 1962 January The friendship dwindled, and was eventually completely gone. "^[36] In 1963 Heinlein wrote his agent to say that a rejection from another magazine was "pleasanter than offering copy to John Campbell, having it bounced (he bounced both of my last two Hugo Award winners) — and then have to wade through ten pages of his arrogant insults, explaining to me why my story is no good. The Hugo Awards are given every year for the best Science fiction or Fantasy works and achievements of the previous year "^[37]

After Campbell's death, stories by various of the authors who felt they owed a special debt to him were published in Astounding: The John W Campbell Memorial Anthology. Astounding The John W Campbell Memorial Anthology is a 1973 Festschrift honoring noted Science fiction and Fantasy editor Each story was prefaced by comments either by the author or the editor, Harry Harrison. For the radio personality see Harry Harrison (radio. Harry Harrison (born Henry Maxwell Dempsey, March 12 1925

Radio and awards

Between December 11, 1957 and June 13, 1958, Campbell hosted a weekly science fiction radio program called Exploring Tomorrow. Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The scripts were written by authors such as Gordon Dickson and Robert Silverberg. Gordon Rupert Dickson ( November 1, 1923 – January 31, 2001) was an American Science fiction author Robert Silverberg (born January 15, 1935) is a prolific American author best known for writing Science fiction. Transcripts of some programs are still available.

In 1996 Campbell was inducted into the Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame, in the first year of its existence. ^[38]

The John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel and John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer were named in his honor. This page describes the award for best science fiction novel for other awards see Campbell Award (disambiguation This page describes the award for best new science fiction writer for other awards see Campbell Award (disambiguation.

Bibliography

For the main article, see Bibliography of John W. Campbell. This is a Bibliography of works by John W Campbell Jr The bibliography is in chronological order of first publication of the books

This shortened bibliography lists each title once. Some titles that are duplicated are in fact different versions, whereas other publications of Campbell's with different titles are simply selections from or retitlings of other works, and have hence been omitted.

The main bibliographic sources are footnoted from this paragraph and provided much of the information in the following sections. ^{[5][11][39][40][41]} For more bibliographic information see the separate bibliography article.

Dates indicate first book publication.

Novels and fix-ups

• The Mightiest Machine (1947)
• The Incredible Planet (1949)
• The Black Star Passes (1953)
• Islands of Space (1956)
• Invaders from the Infinite (1961)
• The Ultimate Weapon (1966)

Short story collections and omnibus editions

• Who Goes There? (1948)
• The Moon is Hell (1951)
• Cloak of Aesir (1952)
• The Planeteers (1966)
• The Best of John W. A fix-up (or fixup) is a Novel created from short stories that may or may not have been initially related or previously published The Mightiest Machine is a Science fiction novel by author John W The Incredible Planet is a Science fiction Fix-up novel by author John W The Black Star Passes is a collection of Science fiction short stories by author John W Islands of Space is a Science fiction novel by author John W Campbell Jr Invaders from the Infinite is a Science fiction novel by author John W Who Goes There? is a collection of Science fiction stories by author John W The Moon is Hell is a collection of Science fiction stories by author John W Cloak of Aesir is a collection of Science fiction stories by author John W Campbell (1973)
• The Space Beyond (1976)
• The Best of John W. Campbell (1976) (Differs from 1973 version)
• A New Dawn: The Don A. Stuart Stories of John W. Campbell, Jr. (2003)

Edited books

• From Unknown Worlds (1948)
• The Astounding Science Fiction Anthology (1952)
• Prologue to Analog (1962)
• Analog I (1963)
• Analog II (1964)
• Analog 3 (1965)
• Analog 4 (1966)
• Analog 5 (1967)
• Analog 6 (1968)
• Analog 7 (1969)
• Analog 8 (1971)

Nonfiction

• Collected Editorials from Analog (1966)
• The John W. Campbell Letters, Volume 1 (1986)

Festschrift

• The John W Campbell Memorial Anthology (1973) edited by Harry Harrison

Sources

• Isaac Asimov: I. In Academia, a Festschrift (/ˈfɛstˌʃrɪft/ Plural, Festschriften, /ˈfɛstˌʃrɪf Astounding The John W Campbell Memorial Anthology is a 1973 Festschrift honoring noted Science fiction and Fantasy editor For the radio personality see Harry Harrison (radio. Harry Harrison (born Henry Maxwell Dempsey, March 12 1925 Isaac Asimov (c January 2 1920 &ndash April 6 1992 ˈaɪzək ˈæzɪmʌv originally Исаак Озимов but now transcribed into Russian as, was a Russian Asimov: A Memoir, Doubleday, New York, 1994 ISBN 0-385-41701-2
• Sam Moskowitz: "John W. The Doubleday Publishing Group is the fifth largest Book Publishing company in the world Sam Moskowitz ( June 30, 1920 - April 15, 1997) was an early fan and organizer of interest in Science fiction and later a writer critic Campbell: The Writing Years", in Amazing Stories, August 1963; Ziff-Davis Publishing Corporation. Amazing Stories was an American Science fiction magazine launched in April 1926 by Hugo Gernsback 's Experimenter Publishing. Reprinted in Seekers of Tomorrow, Masters of Modern Science Fiction, Sam Moskowitz, Ballantine Books, New York, 1967
• Hell's Cartographers, Some Personal Histories of Science Fiction Writers, edited by Brian W. Aldiss and Harry Harrison, Harper & Row, New York, 1975 ISBN 0-06-010052-4
• New Maps of Hell, Kingsley Amis, Ballantine Books, New York, 1960
• The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction, edited by John Clute & Peter Nicholls, St. Martin's Press, New York, 1993 ISBN 0-312-09618-6
• Grumbles from the Grave, selected letters of Robert A. Heinlein, edited by Virginia Heinlein, Del Rey Books, New York, 1989 ISBN 0-345-36246-2
• Astounding, edited by Harry Harrison, Random House, New York, 1973 ISBN 0394481674)
• Through Eyes of Wonder, by Ben Bova, Addisonian Press, Reading, Massachusetts, 1975, ISBN 0-201-09206-9
• A Requiem for Astounding, by Alva Rogers, Advent:Publishers, Chicago, 1964
• More Issues at Hand, by James Blish, writing as William Atheling, Jr. Sam Moskowitz ( June 30, 1920 - April 15, 1997) was an early fan and organizer of interest in Science fiction and later a writer critic The Ballantine Publishing Group, better known as Ballantine Books, is a major American book Publisher founded in 1952 by Ian Ballantine. Brian Wilson Aldiss, '''OBE''', (born August 18, 1925 in East Dereham, Norfolk, England) is a prolific English For the radio personality see Harry Harrison (radio. Harry Harrison (born Henry Maxwell Dempsey, March 12 1925 Harper & Row was a publishing company based in New York City. Sir Kingsley William Amis, CBE ( April 16, 1922 &ndash October 22, 1995) was an English Novelist, The Ballantine Publishing Group, better known as Ballantine Books, is a major American book Publisher founded in 1952 by Ian Ballantine. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction is a Reference work on Science fiction. John Frederick Clute (1940-) is a Canadian born author and critic who has lived in Britain since 1969 Peter Nicholls may refer to Peter Nicholls (writer - critic and co-editor of The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction Peter Nicholls St Martin's Press is a book publisher headquartered in the iconic Flatiron Building in New York City. Robert Anson Heinlein (July 7 1907 – May 8 1988 was an American Novelist and Science fiction Writer. Del Rey Books is a branch of Ballantine Books, which is owned by Random House. For the radio personality see Harry Harrison (radio. Harry Harrison (born Henry Maxwell Dempsey, March 12 1925 Random House Inc is the world's largest English-language general trade book publisher Benjamin William Bova (born November 8, 1932) is an American Science fiction author and editor James Benjamin Blish ( East Orange, New Jersey, May 23, 1921 – Henley-on-Thames, July 30, 1975) was an , Advent:Publishers, Inc. Chicago, 1970
• Our Five Days with John W. Campbell, by Joe Green, The Bulletin of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America, Fall 2006, No. 171, pages 13-16

References

Listen to

• John W. Campbell as host of the Mutual Broadcasting System's Exploring Tomorrow (1957-58)

External links

• John W. Campbell at the Open Directory Project
• http://www.catch22.com/SF/ARB/SFC/Campbell,JW.php3
• http://www.hycyber.com/SF/campbell_john_w.html
• John W. Campbell at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
• Works by John W. Campbell at Project Gutenberg