John Thurloe - Citizendia

John Thurloe
Secretary of State to the Protectorate's Council of State

Born	1616 Essex
Died	1668 Lincoln's Inn
Profession	Politician

John Thurloe^[1] (June 1616- 21 February 1668) was a secretary to the council of state in Protectorate England and spymaster for Oliver Cromwell. In British history, the Protectorate was the period 1653&ndash1659 during which the Commonwealth of England Scotland and Ireland was governed by a Lord The English Council of State, later also know as the Protector's Privy Council, was first appointed by the Rump Parliament on 14 February 1649 Essex is a county in the East of England. The County town is Chelmsford, and the highest point of the county is Chrishall Common The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn is one of four Inns of Court in London to which Barristers of England and Wales belong and where A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland In British history, the Protectorate was the period 1653&ndash1659 during which the Commonwealth of England Scotland and Ireland was governed by a Lord England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 Old Style &ndash 3 September 1658 Old Style) was an English military and political leader best known

Thurloe was born in Essex in 1616 and was baptised on June 12. Essex is a county in the East of England. The County town is Chelmsford, and the highest point of the county is Chrishall Common His father was Thomas Thurloe, rector of Abbot's Roding. He was trained as a lawyer in Lincoln's Inn. A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law as an attorney, Counsel or Solicitor; a person The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn is one of four Inns of Court in London to which Barristers of England and Wales belong and where He was first in the service of Oliver St. John, and, in January 1645, became a secretary to the parliamentary commissioners at Uxbridge. Oliver St John (c 1598 - 31 December 1673) was an English Statesman and Judge. Uxbridge is a university town in the London Borough of Hillingdon in West London, England. In 1647 Thurloe was admitted to Lincoln's Inn as a member. He remained on the sidelines during the English Civil War but after the accession of Oliver Cromwell, became part of his government in 1652 he was named a secretary for state. The English Civil War (1642-1651 was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 Old Style &ndash 3 September 1658 Old Style) was an English military and political leader best known

In 1653 he became head of intelligence and developed a widespread network of spies in England and on the continent. These included the Dutch diplomat and historian Lieuwe van Aitzema, the mathematician John Wallis, who established a code-breaking department, and diplomat and mathematician Samuel Morland, who served as Thurloe's assistant. Lieuwe (Leo van Aitzema ( 19 November 1600 - 23 February 1669) was a Dutch Historian, diplomat bon-vivant philanderer John Wallis ( November 23, 1616 - October 28, 1703) was an English mathematician who is given partial credit for the Sir Samuel Morland 1st Baronet (1625 – 30 December 1695) or Moreland, was a notable English academic Diplomat, Spy Thurloe's service broke the Sealed Knot, a secret society of Royalists and uncovered various other plots against the Protectorate. The Sealed Knot was a secret Royalist association which plotted for the Restoration of the Monarchy during English Interregnum. Cavalier was the name used by Parliamentarians for a Royalist supporter of King Charles I during the English Civil War ( 1642 &ndash 1651 In 1654 he was elected to Parliament as the member for Ely. Ely (, rhyming with "freely" is a Cathedral city in Cambridgeshire, England. He supported the idea that Cromwell should adopt a royal title.

In 1656 Thurloe took charge of the post office. A post office is a facility authorized by a Postal system for the posting receipt sorting handling transmission or delivery of Mail. His spies were then able to intercept mail, and he exposed Edward Sexby's 1657 plot to assassinate Cromwell and captured would-be assassin Miles Sindercombe and his group. Edward Sexby or Saxby ( 1616 - January 13 1658) was an English Puritan soldier and Leveller in the army of Miles Sindercombe (d February 13, 1657) was the leader of a group that tried to assassinate Oliver Cromwell in 1657 (Ironically, Thurloe's own department was also infiltrated: in 1659 Morland became a Royalist agent and alleged that Thurloe, Richard Cromwell and Sir Richard Willis - a Sealed Knot member turned Cromwell agent - were plotting to kill the future King Charles II. Richard Cromwell ( 4 October 1626 &ndash 12 July 1712) was the third son of Oliver Cromwell, and the second Lord Protector Sir Richard Willis (sometimes spelt 'Willys' ( 13 January 1613 /1614 – December 1690 was a notable figure of the English Civil War and its aftermath Charles II (Charles Stuart 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685 was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. )

In 1657 Thurloe became a member of Cromwell's second council, as well as governor of the London Charterhouse school, and in 1658 he became chancellor of the University of Glasgow. The London Charterhouse is a former Carthusian monastery in London, England, to the north of what is now Charterhouse Square. Chancellor or chancellour (archaic ( Latin: cancellarius) is an official Title used in countries whose civilization has arisen The University of Glasgow (Oilthigh Ghlaschu was founded in 1451 in Glasgow, Scotland and along with its contemporary institutions the University of St Andrews After the death of Oliver Cromwell in 1658, he supported his son Richard Cromwell as Lord Protector and, in 1659, represented Cambridge University in the Third Protectorate Parliament. Lord Protector is a particular British title for Heads of State with two meanings (and full styles at different periods of history The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the The Third Protectorate Parliament sat for one session from 27 January 1659 until 22 April 1659, with Chaloner Chute and Thomas Later that year various parties accused him of arbitrary decisions as head of intelligence, and he was deprived of his offices. Reinstated as a secretary of state in February 27 1660, he resisted the return of Charles II. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation

After the Restoration, Thurloe was arrested for high treason on May 15, 1660, but was not tried. See also Treason, High treason in the United Kingdom High treason is criminal disloyalty to one's country Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the He was released on June 29 on the condition that he would assist the new government upon request. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. He retired from public life but served as a behind-the-scenes authority on foreign affairs and wrote informative papers for Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, but he did not become part of any new government. Edward Hyde 1st Earl of Clarendon ( 18 February 1609 &ndash 9 December 1674) was an English Historian and statesman and

John Thurloe died in February 21, 1668 in his chambers in Lincoln's Inn and was buried in the chapel. Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland His correspondence is kept in the Bodleian Library, Oxford and in the British Museum. The Bodleian Library ( the main Research library of the University of Oxford, is one of the oldest libraries in Europe, and in England Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire, The British Museum is a Museum of human history and culture in London. Thomas Birch published part of it in 1742.

References

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition article "JOHN THURLOE (1616—1668)", a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone

Footnote

^ In his diary, Samuel Pepys spells Thurloe name as Thurlow. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Samuel Pepys, FRS (23 February 1633 – 26 May 1703 was an English naval administrator and Member of Parliament, who is now most famous for

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