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The Right Honourable
 The Earl of Bute
 KG, PC
John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute
In office
26 May 1762 – 8 April 1763
Monarch George III
Preceded by The Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne
Succeeded by George Grenville
Born 25 May 1713(1713-05-25)
Parliament Square, Edinburgh
Died 10 March 1792 (age 78)
Grosvenor Square, London
Political party Tory
Alma mater Leiden University
Religion Episcopalian [1]

John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, KG, PC (25 May 1713 – 10 March 1792), styled Lord Mount Stuart before 1723, was a Scottish nobleman who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain (1762–1763) under George III, and was arguably the last important favourite in British politics. The Right Honourable (abbreviated as The Rt Hon) is an Honorific prefix that is traditionally applied to certain The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an Order of chivalry, or Knighthood, originating in Medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council is a body of advisors to the British Sovereign. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place Year 1762 ( MDCCLXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Year 1763 ( MDCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a George III (George William Frederick 4 June 1738 George III's long reign was marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdom much of the rest of Europe and places Thomas Pelham-Holles 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and 1st Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne, KG, PC (21 July 1693 &ndash 17 November 1768 was a British George Grenville (14 October 1712 &ndash 13 November 1770 was a British Whig statesman who served in government Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Year 1713 ( MDCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Parliament Square is a square outside the northwest end of the Palace of Westminster in London. Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. Events 241 BC - First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands - The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing Year 1792 ( MDCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Grosvenor Square (pronounced "Grove-ner Square" is a large garden square in the exclusive Mayfair district of London, England. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. In the political tradition of some English-speaking countries, the term Tory has referred to a variety of political parties and Creeds since it was Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval Leiden University (Universiteit Leiden located in the city of Leiden, is the oldest University in The Netherlands. The Scottish Episcopal Church (Eaglais Easbaigeach na h-Alba is a Christian denomination in Scotland and a member of the Anglican Communion, although it The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an Order of chivalry, or Knighthood, originating in Medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council is a body of advisors to the British Sovereign. Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Year 1713 ( MDCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 241 BC - First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands - The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing Year 1792 ( MDCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Year 1723 ( MDCCXXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Nobility is a government-privileged title which may be either hereditary (see Hereditary titles) or for a lifetime The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom Year 1762 ( MDCCLXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1763 ( MDCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a George III (George William Frederick 4 June 1738 George III's long reign was marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdom much of the rest of Europe and places In historical writings when used in reference to a person favourite ( British English and the English of Commonwealth Countries or favorite ( American

Contents

Private life

The 3rd Earl of Bute.
The 3rd Earl of Bute.

A close relative of the Campbell clan (his mother was a daughter of the 1st Duke of Argyll), Bute succeeded to the Earldom of Bute (named for the Isle of Bute) upon the death of his father, James Stuart, 2nd Earl of Bute, in 1723. Scottish clans (from Scottish Gaelic clann, "children" give a sense of identity and shared descent to people in Scotland and to their relations Archibald Campbell 1st Duke of Argyll 10th Earl of Argyll ( July 25 1658 &ndash September 25 1703) was a Scottish peer. Marquess of the County of Bute, shortened in general usage to Marquess of Bute, is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. The Isle of Bute ( Eilean Bhòid in Gaelic is one of the Islands of the lower Firth of Clyde in Scotland. James Stuart 2nd Earl of Bute (before 1696&ndash January 28 1723) was the son of James Stuart 1st Earl of Bute and Agnes Mackenzie Year 1723 ( MDCCXXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a He was brought up thereafter by his maternal uncles, the 2nd Duke of Argyll and the 3rd Earl of Ilay. Field Marshal John Campbell 2nd Duke of Argyll 1st Duke of Greenwich KG ( October 10, 1678 – October 4, 1743) known Bute studied at Eton College (1720-1728) and the University of Leiden, Netherlands (1728-1732), where he graduated with a degree in civil and public law. Eton College, or just Eton, is a world-famous British Independent school for boys founded in 1440 by King Henry VI. Leiden University (Universiteit Leiden located in the city of Leiden, is the oldest University in The Netherlands. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Civil law, as opposed to Criminal law, refers to that branch of Law dealing with disputes between Individuals and/or Organizations, in which Public law is a theory of law governing the relationship between Individuals ( Citizens companies) and the State. On 24 August 1736, he married Mary Wortley Montagu (daughter of Edward and Lady Mary Wortley Montagu), bringing the large Wortley estates to his family. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River Year 1736 ( MDCCXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Mary Stuart Countess of Bute and 1st Baroness Mount Stuart (February 1718 - 6 November 1794) was the daughter of Edward Wortley-Montagu and Lady Mary The Lady Mary Wortley Montagu ( 26 May 1689 &ndash 21 August 1762) was an English aristocrat and writer In 1737, due to the influence of his uncles, he was elected a Scottish representative peer, but he was not very active in the Lords and was not reelected in 1741. Year 1737 ( MDCCXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a List of Scottish representative peers is a list of Representative peers elected from the Peerage of Scotland to sit in the House of Lords after The House of Lords is the second house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as "the Lords" Year 1741 ( MDCCXLI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year For the next several years he retired to his estates in Scotland to manage his affairs and indulge his interest in botany. Botany, plant science(s, phytology, or plant biology is a branch of Biology and is the scientific study of plant Life

During the Jacobite Rebellion of 1745, Bute moved to London, and two years later met Prince Frederick, the Prince of Wales there, soon becoming a close associate of the Prince. The Jacobite Risings were a series of uprisings rebellions and wars in the kingdoms of England, Kingdom of Scotland (later the United Kingdom of Great Britain Year 1745 ( MDCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Prince Frederick Prince of Wales (Frederick Louis 1 February 1707 &ndash 31 March 1751) was a member of the Hanoverian and Upon the Prince's death in 1751, the education of his son, Prince George, the new Prince of Wales, became a priority and in 1755 Bute was appointed as his tutor. George III (George William Frederick 4 June 1738 George III's long reign was marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdom much of the rest of Europe and places Bute arranged for the Prince and his brother Prince Edward to follow a course of lectures on natural philosophy by the itinerant lecturer Stephen Demainbray. Prince Edward Duke of York (Edward Augustus Later life He was created Duke of York and Albany and Earl of Ulster by his paternal grandfather For the current in the 19th century German idealism see Naturphilosophie Natural philosophy or the philosophy of nature (from Stephen Charles Triboudet Demainbray Esq of Richmond (1710-1782 was an English Natural scientist and Astronomer, who served during 1768-1782 as Superintendent This led to an increased interest in natural philosophy on the part of the young prince and was one in a series of events that led to the establishment of the George III Collection of natural philosophical instruments. Furthermore, following the death of the Prince Frederick, Bute became close to his widow, Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, the Dowager Princess of Wales. Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha ( 30 November 1719 – 8 February 1772) was Princess of Wales between 1736 and 1751 and Dowager Princess Princess of Wales is a Courtesy title held by the wife of the Prince of Wales since the first "English" Prince of Wales in 1283 It was rumoured that the couple were having an affair, and indeed soon after John Horne (an associate of the Prince of Wales) published a scandalous pamphlet alluding to a liaison between Bute and the Princess. John Horne Tooke ( June 25, 1736 – March 18, 1812) was an English Politician and philologist. Rumours of this affair were almost certainly untrue, as Bute was by all indications happily married, and he held sincere religious beliefs against adultery.

Because of the influence he had over his pupil, Bute expected to rise quickly to political power following George's accession to the throne in 1760, but his plans were premature. Year 1760 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap Re-elected as a Scottish representative peer in 1760, he was indeed appointed the de facto Prime Minister, and was successful in ending the Whig dominance and the Seven Years' War, but King George began to see through him, and turned against him after being criticised for an official speech which the press recognised as Bute's own work. The Whigs (with the Tories) are often described as one of two political parties in England and later the United Kingdom from the late 17th to The Seven Years' War (1756&ndash1763 involved all of the major European powers of the period causing 900000 to 1400000 deaths The journalist John Wilkes published a newspaper called The North Briton, in which both Bute and the Dowager Princess of Wales were savagely satirised. John Wilkes ( 17 October 1725 – 26 December 1797) was an English radical, journalist and politician The North Briton was a radical Newspaper published in Eighteenth century London. Bute resigned as prime minister shortly afterwards, though he remained in the House of Lords a Scottish representative peer until 1780. Year 1780 ( MDCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a He remained friendly with the Dowager Princess of Wales, but her attempts to reconcile him with George III proved futile.

For the remainder of his life, Bute remained at his estate in Hampshire, from where he continued his pursuit of botany and became a major literary and artistic patron. Wildlife Hampshire has wildlife typical of the island of Great Britain Botany, plant science(s, phytology, or plant biology is a branch of Biology and is the scientific study of plant Life Among his beneficiaries were Samuel Johnson, Tobias Smollett, Robert Adam, and William Robertson. Samuel Johnson (often referred to as Dr Johnson) (18 September Tobias George Smollett (bapt 19 March, 1721 &ndash 17 September, 1771) was a Scottish author best known for his Picaresque Robert Adam ( 3 July 1728 &ndash 3 March 1792) was a Scottish neoclassical Architect, Interior designer William Robertson ( September 19, 1721 – June 11, 1793) was a Scottish Historian and Principal of the He also gave considerably to the Scottish universities. His botanical work culminated in the publication of Botanical Tables Containing the Families of British Plants in 1785. Year 1785 ( MDCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

He died at his home in South Audley Street, Grosvenor Square, London, and was buried at Rothesay on the Isle of Bute. Grosvenor Square (pronounced "Grove-ner Square" is a large garden square in the exclusive Mayfair district of London, England. The Isle of Bute ( Eilean Bhòid in Gaelic is one of the Islands of the lower Firth of Clyde in Scotland.

The flowering plant genus Stuartia is named after him. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Stewartia as described by Philibert Commerçon is a synonym of Dombeya.

3 sons of the Earl of Bute.
3 sons of the Earl of Bute.

Issue

3 daughters of the Earl of Bute.
3 daughters of the Earl of Bute.
  1. Lady Mary Stuart (c. 1741-5 April 1824), who married James Lowther, later the 1st Earl of Lonsdale, on 7 September 1761. Year 1741 ( MDCCXLI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop Year 1824 ( MDCCCXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Sir James Lowther 1st Earl of Lonsdale ( August 5 1736 &ndash May 24 1802) was the son of Robert Lowther and Catherine Pennington Earl of Lonsdale is a title that has been created twice in British history first in the Peerage of Great Britain in 1784 (becoming extinct in 1802 and then in the Peerage Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Year 1761 ( MDCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a
  2. John Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute (30 June 1744 – 16 November 1814)
  3. Lady Anne Stuart (born c. John Stuart 1st Marquess of Bute, PC, FRS ( 30 June 1744 &ndash 16 November 1814) was a British nobleman Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 1744 ( MDCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published Year 1814 ( MDCCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common 1745), who married Lord Warkworth, later the 2nd Duke of Northumberland, on 2 July 1764. Year 1745 ( MDCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Lieutenant-General Hugh Percy 2nd Duke of Northumberland, FRS ( 14 August 1742 &ndash 10 July 1817) born Hugh Smithson The Duke of Northumberland is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. Events 310 - Pope Miltiades is elected 626 - In fear of assassination Li Shimin ambushes and kills his rival Year 1764 ( MDCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a
  4. The Hon. James Archibald Stuart (19 September 1747 – 1 March 1818)
  5. Lady Jane Stuart (c. James Archibald Stuart, later Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie ( 19 September 1747 – 1 March 1818) British politician and soldier was the Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. Year 1747 ( MDCCXLVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 1818 ( MDCCCXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common 1748 – 28 February 1828), who married George Macartney, later the 1st Earl Macartney, on 1 February 1768. Year 1748 ( MDCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule The year 1828 ( MDCCCXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap George Macartney should not be confused with Sir George McCartney, a later British statesman Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Year 1768 ( MDCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a
  6. The Hon. Sir Charles Stuart (January 1753 – 25 May 1801)
  7. The Most Rev. and Hon. William Stuart, Archbishop of Armagh (Church of Ireland) (March 1755 – 6 March 1822)
  8. Lady Caroline Stuart (before 1763–20 January 1813), who married The Hon. Colonel Sir Charles Stuart, KB (January 1753 – 25 May 1801) was a British nobleman and soldier Year 1753 ( MDCCLIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Year 1801 ( MDCCCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Tuesday William Stuart may refer to William Stuart (1755-1822, clergyman Archbishop of Armagh William Stuart (1798-1874, MP for Bedfordshire This page is a list of the Bishops and Archbishops of Armagh according to the Church of Ireland Succession including the names of ancient Celtic leaders medieval and post-reformation Year 1755 ( MDCCLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Year 1822 (MDCCCXXII was a Common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Sunday of the Year 1763 ( MDCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 1813 ( MDCCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common John Dawson, later the 1st Earl of Portarlington, on 1 January 1778. Earl of Portarlington is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1785 for John Dawson 2nd Viscount Carlow, who had earlier represented Portarlington New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1778 ( MDCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or
  9. Lady Louisa Stuart (12 August 1757 – 4 August 1851)[1]

Styles from birth to death

Trivia

According to historian John Naish, the 18th-century expression "Jack Boot" meaning a stupid person originated as disparagement of Stuart's performance as Prime Minister[2]. Year 1762 ( MDCCLXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1792 ( MDCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year

References

  1. ^ Miller, Karl, Stuart, Lady Louisa (1757–1851), writer in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, September 2004 & online edition, January 2006 (subscription required) accessed 2 March 2008
  2. ^ Naish, John (1996). The Dictionary of National Biography ( DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history published from 1885 Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) The Interwoven Lives of George Vancouver, Archibald Menzies, Joseph Whidbey and Peter Puget: The Vancouver Voyage of 1791-1795. The Edward Mellen Press, Ltd. . ISBN 0-7734-8857-X.  



Political offices
Preceded by
The Earl of Holdernesse		 Secretary of State for the Northern Department
1761 – 1762		 Succeeded by
George Grenville
Preceded by
The Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne		 Prime Minister of Great Britain
26 May 1762 – 8 April 1763
Leader of the House of Lords
1762 – 1763		 Succeeded by
Unknown
Peerage of Scotland
Preceded by
James Stuart		 Earl of Bute
1723 – 1792		 Succeeded by
John Stuart
Robert Darcy 4th Earl of Holderness PC ( 17 May 1718 &ndash 16 May 1778) known before 1721 as Lord Darcy and Conyers, The Secretary of State for the Northern Department was a position in the Cabinet of the government of the Kingdom of Great Britain up to 1782 George Grenville (14 October 1712 &ndash 13 November 1770 was a British Whig statesman who served in government Thomas Pelham-Holles 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and 1st Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne, KG, PC (21 July 1693 &ndash 17 November 1768 was a British The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom Leader of the House of Lords is a function in the British government that is always held in combination with a formal Cabinet position most often Lord President The Peerage of Scotland is the division of the British Peerage for those peers created in the Kingdom of Scotland before 1707. James Stuart 2nd Earl of Bute (before 1696&ndash January 28 1723) was the son of James Stuart 1st Earl of Bute and Agnes Mackenzie Marquess of the County of Bute, shortened in general usage to Marquess of Bute, is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. John Stuart 1st Marquess of Bute, PC, FRS ( 30 June 1744 &ndash 16 November 1814) was a British nobleman
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