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For other members of the family, see Steinbeck (disambiguation). Steinbeck may refer to several people mostly related to John Steinbeck, the American writer including Thomas Steinbeck, John Steinbeck's eldest son and
John Steinbeck

Steinbeck (centre), with his son,
visits President Lyndon B. Johnson
Born February 27, 1902(1902-02-27)
Salinas Valley, California, United States
Died December 20, 1968 (aged 66)
New York, New York, United States
Occupation Novelist, Short story writer, War Correspondent
Notable work(s) The Grapes of Wrath; Of Mice and Men[1]
Notable award(s) Nobel Prize in Literature
1962

John Steinbeck (February 27, 1902—December 20, 1968) was one of the best-known and most widely read American writers of the 20th century. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The Salinas Valley in the Central Coast region of California, USA that lies along the Salinas River between the Gabilan Range and California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The City of New York The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story The short story is a literary genre of Fictional Prose Narrative that tends to be more concise and to the point than longer works of fiction such A war correspondent is a Journalist who covers stories firsthand from a war zone. The Grapes of Wrath is a novel published in 1939 and written by John Steinbeck, who was awarded the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize for Of Mice and Men is a Novella written by Nobel Prize -winning author John Steinbeck. The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur is awarded annually since 1901 to an author from any country who has in the words from the will of Alfred Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. American literature refers to written or literary work produced in the area of the United States and Colonial America. He wrote the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Grapes of Wrath, published in 1939 and the novel Of Mice and Men, published in 1937. The Pulitzer Prize, ˈpʊlɨtsɚ PULL-it-sər is an American award regarded as the highest national honor in Newspaper journalism, A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story The Grapes of Wrath is a novel published in 1939 and written by John Steinbeck, who was awarded the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize for Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story Of Mice and Men is a Novella written by Nobel Prize -winning author John Steinbeck. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In all, he wrote twenty-five books, including sixteen novels, six non-fiction books and several collections of short stories. Non-fiction is an account or representation of a subject which is presented as Fact. In 1962 Steinbeck received the Nobel Prize for Literature. Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur is awarded annually since 1901 to an author from any country who has in the words from the will of Alfred

Steinbeck grew up in the Salinas Valley region of California, a culturally diverse place of rich migratory and immigrant history. The Salinas Valley in the Central Coast region of California, USA that lies along the Salinas River between the Gabilan Range and California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. This upbringing imparted a regionalistic flavor to his writing, giving many of his works a distinct sense of place. [2][3] Steinbeck moved briefly to New York City, but soon returned home to California to begin his career as a writer. The City of New York Most of his earlier work dealt with subjects familiar to him from his formative years. An exception was his first novel Cup of Gold which concerns the pirate Henry Morgan, whose adventures had captured Steinbeck's imagination as a child. Cup of Gold A life of Sir Henry Morgan Buccaneer with Occasional Reference to History, 1929 (historical fiction was John Steinbeck's first novel loosely based Admiral Sir Henry Morgan (Hari Morgan in Welsh) ( ca 1635 &ndash August 25, 1688) was a Welsh Privateer, who made a name

In his subsequent novels, Steinbeck found a more authentic voice by drawing upon direct memories of his life in California. Later he used real historical conditions and events in the first half of 20th century America, which he had experienced first-hand as a reporter. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Steinbeck often populated his stories with struggling characters; his works examined the lives of the working class and migrant workers during the Dust Bowl and the Great Depression. Working class is a term used in academic Sociology and in ordinary conversation to describe depending on context and speaker those employed in specific fields or types The term migrant worker has different official meanings and connotations in different parts of the world the United Nations' definition is very broad essentially including anyone The Dust Bowl, or the dirty thirties, was a period of severe Dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage to American and His later body of work reflected his wide range of interests, including marine biology, politics, religion, history, and mythology. Marine biology is the scientific study of living Organisms in the Ocean or other marine or Brackish bodies of water Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology The word mythology (from the Greek grc μυθολογία mythología, meaning "a story-telling a legendary lore" One of his last published works was Travels with Charley, a travelogue of a road trip he took in 1960 to rediscover America. Travels with Charley In Search of America is a travelogue by American author John Steinbeck. This article is about the film Road Trip For the PlayStation 2 video game see Road Trip Adventure. Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He died in 1968 in New York of a heart attack and his ashes are interred in Salinas. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Myocardial infarction ( MI or AMI for acute myocardial infarction) also known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood supply Salinas is the County seat and largest municipality of Monterey County in the U

Seventeen of his works, including Cannery Row (1945), The Pearl (1947), and East of Eden (1952), went on to become Hollywood films (some appeared multiple times, i. Cannery Row is a novel by John Steinbeck. It was published in 1945 The Pearl is a 1947 Novella by American author John Steinbeck East of Eden is a Novel by Nobel Prize winner John Steinbeck, published in September 1952 United States cinema has had a profound effect on cinema across the world since the early 20th century e. , as remakes), and Steinbeck also achieved success as a Hollywood writer, receiving an Academy Award nomination for Best Story in 1944 for Alfred Hitchcock's Lifeboat. "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. The Academy Award for Best Story was an Academy Award given from the beginning of the Academy Awards until 1957 when it was eliminated in favor of the Academy Award for Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, KBE (13 Lifeboat is a 1944 World War II War film, directed by Alfred Hitchcock from a story written by John Steinbeck.

Contents

Biography

Early life and work

The house in Salinas, California where John Steinbeck lived until he was 17 years old.
The house in Salinas, California where John Steinbeck lived until he was 17 years old.

John Ernst Steinbeck was born on February 27, 1902, in Salinas, California. Salinas is the County seat and largest municipality of Monterey County in the U He was of German American and Irish American descent. German Americans ( German: Deutschamerikaner) are citizens of the United States of Ethnic German ancestry Irish Americans (Gael-Mheiriceánach are citizens of the United States who can claim ancestry originating in Ireland. Johann Adolf Großteinbeck (i. e. Grossteinbeck), Steinbeck's grandfather, changed the family name from Grossteinbeck to Steinbeck when he migrated to the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the His father, John Steinbeck, Sr. , served as the Monterey County Treasurer while his mother, Olive (Hamilton) Steinbeck, a former school teacher, fostered Steinbeck's love of reading and writing. Monterey County is a county located on the Pacific coast of the U In many Governments a treasurer is the person responsible for running the Treasury. In Education, a teacher is one who helps Students or pupils often in a School, as well as in a Family, religious or [4]

At the time of his childhood, Salinas was a small Californian town. A town is a type of settlement ranging from a few to several thousand (occasionally hundreds of thousands inhabitants although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan Though growing larger, more prosperous, and modern, it was still essentially a rough-and-tumble frontier place, set amid some of the world's most fertile land. A frontier is a Political and Geographical term referring to areas near or beyond a boundary, or of a different nature [2] Steinbeck spent his summers working on nearby ranches and later with migrants on the huge Spreckels ranch. During this time, Steinbeck became aware of the harsher aspects of the migrant life in the region and of the darker side of human nature-- material which was to be explored in works such as Of Mice and Men. Of Mice and Men is a Novella written by Nobel Prize -winning author John Steinbeck. [2] He also explored the surrounding Salinas Valley, walking across local forests, fields and farms. This material was to provide background for most of his short stories. [2]

Steinbeck graduated from Salinas High School in 1919. He then attended Stanford University intermittently until 1925, eventually leaving without a degree, as he disliked the university lifestyle. Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly known as Stanford University or simply Stanford, is a private Research university located in From Stanford, he traveled to New York City and held various temporary jobs while pursuing his dream as a writer. The City of New York However, he was unable to get any of his work published and returned to California [4] where for a time he was resort handyman in Lake Tahoe. Lake Tahoe is a large freshwater Lake in the Sierra Nevada mountains of the United States. [5]

In California he continued to write. His first novel, Cup of Gold was published in 1929. Cup of Gold A life of Sir Henry Morgan Buccaneer with Occasional Reference to History, 1929 (historical fiction was John Steinbeck's first novel loosely based It is based on the privateer Henry Morgan's life and death. Admiral Sir Henry Morgan (Hari Morgan in Welsh) ( ca 1635 &ndash August 25, 1688) was a Welsh Privateer, who made a name It centers on Morgan's assault and sacking of the city of Panama, sometimes referred to as the 'Cup of Gold', and the woman fairer than the sun reputed to be found there. Panama, officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá) is the southernmost country of Central America. [3]

After Cup of Gold Steinbeck produced three shorter works between 1931 and 1933: The Pastures of Heaven, published in 1932, consisted of twelve interconnected stories about a valley in Monterey, California, which was discovered by a Spanish corporal while chasing runaway American Indian slaves. The Pastures of Heaven is a book by John Steinbeck, first published in 1932 consisting of twelve interconnected stories about a valley in Monterey, Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Corporal is a rank in use in some form by most militaries and also by some police forces or other uniformed organizations Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States Slavery is a social-economic system under which certain persons — known as slaves — are deprived of personal freedom and compelled to perform labour or services In 1933 Steinbeck brought out two works: The Red Pony is a short 100-page, four-chapter story, which recollects memories from Steinbeck's childhood. "The Red Pony" is a novella written by American author John Steinbeck in 1933. [3] To a God Unknown follows the life of a homesteader and his family in California, depicting a character with a primal and pagan worship of the land he works. To a God Unknown is a Novel by John Steinbeck, first published in 1933. The' Homestead Act' was a United States Federal law that gave an applicant freehold title to 160 Acres (one quarter section or about 65 Hectares California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. He lived for many years in a cottage in Pacific Grove owned by his father, Ernest, who provided John ledger paper on which to write his manuscripts. Pacific Grove is a coastal town in Monterey County California, USA with a total population of 15522 as of the 2000 census [6]

Steinbeck lived for many years in this cottage in Pacific Grove, California; he planted the pine tree in the front yard.
Steinbeck lived for many years in this cottage in Pacific Grove, California; he planted the pine tree in the front yard. Pacific Grove is a coastal town in Monterey County California, USA with a total population of 15522 as of the 2000 census

Steinbeck achieved his first critical success with the novel Tortilla Flat (1935), which won the California Commonwealth Club's Gold Medal. Tortilla Flat ( 1935) is an early Steinbeck novel set in Monterey California. [3] The book portrays the adventures of a young group of classless and usually homeless men in Monterey, set in the era after World War I, just before U. S. prohibition. Prohibition of alcohol, often referred to simply as prohibition, also known as Noble Experiment, refers to a Sumptuary law which prohibits Alcohol These characters, who are portrayed in ironic comparison to mythologic knights on a quest, reject nearly all of the standard morals of American society in enjoyment of a dissolute life centering around wine, lust, comradery, and petty thievery. The book, was made into a film of the same name in 1942, starring Spencer Tracy, Hedy Lamarr, and John Garfield. Spencer Tracy ( April 5, 1900 – June 10, 1967) was a two-time Academy Award -winning Actor of stage and Hedy Lamarr ( November 9, 1913 – January 19, 2000) was an Austrian born American actress John Garfield ( March 4, 1913 – May 21, 1952) was an Academy Award -nominated American actor

Critical success

Steinbeck began to write a series of "California novels" and Dust Bowl fiction, set among common people during the Great Depression. The Dust Bowl, or the dirty thirties, was a period of severe Dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage to American and These included In Dubious Battle in 1936, Of Mice and Men in 1937, and The Grapes of Wrath in 1939. In Dubious Battle is a novel by John Steinbeck, written in 1936. Of Mice and Men is a Novella written by Nobel Prize -winning author John Steinbeck. The Grapes of Wrath is a novel published in 1939 and written by John Steinbeck, who was awarded the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize for

Of Mice and Men (1937), his novella about the dreams of a pair of migrant laborers working the California soil, was critically acclaimed. Of Mice and Men is a Novella written by Nobel Prize -winning author John Steinbeck. A novella is a written, Fictional Prose Narrative longer than a Novelette but shorter than a Novel. [3]

The stage adaptation of Of Mice and Men was a hit, starring Broderick Crawford as the mentally child-like but physically powerful itinerant farmhand "Lennie," and Wallace Ford as Lennie's companion, "George. Of Mice and Men is a Novella written by Nobel Prize -winning author John Steinbeck. William Broderick Crawford ( December 9, 1911 - April 26, 1986) was an American Academy Award -winning actor Wallace Ford ( February 12, 1898 - June 11, 1966) was an English -born American movie and television actor who with " However, Steinbeck refused to travel from his home in California to attend any performance of the play during its New York run, telling Kaufman that the play as it existed in his own mind was "perfect" and that anything presented on stage would only be a disappointment. The City of New York Steinbeck would ultimately write only two stage plays (the second an adaptation of The Moon Is Down).

Of Mice and Men was rapidly adapted into a 1939 Hollywood film, in which Lon Chaney, Jr. (who had portrayed the role in the Los Angeles production of the play) was cast as Lennie and Burgess Meredith as "George. Lon Chaney Jr ( February 10, 1906 – July 12, 1973) was an American Character actor, known mainly for his roles Oliver Burgess Meredith ( November 16, 1908 He graduated from Hoosac School in 1926 "[7] Steinbeck followed this wave of success with The Grapes of Wrath (1939), based on newspaper articles he had written in San Francisco. The Grapes of Wrath is a novel published in 1939 and written by John Steinbeck, who was awarded the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize for The novel would be considered by many to be his finest work. It won the Pulitzer Prize in 1940, even as it was made into a notable film directed by John Ford, starring Henry Fonda as Tom Joad, who was nominated for an Academy Award for the part. The Pulitzer Prize, ˈpʊlɨtsɚ PULL-it-sər is an American award regarded as the highest national honor in Newspaper journalism, Henry Jaynes Fonda ( May 16, 1905 – August 12, 1982) was an American Academy Award -winning Film and

Bust of John Steinbeck in Monterey, California
Bust of John Steinbeck in Monterey, California

The success of The Grapes of Wrath, however, was not free of controversy, as Steinbeck's liberal political views, portrayal of the ugly side of capitalism, and mythical reinterpretation of the historical events of the Dust Bowl migrations led to backlash against the author, especially close to home. The Grapes of Wrath is a novel published in 1939 and written by John Steinbeck, who was awarded the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize for Capitalism is the Economic system in which the Means of production are owned by private Persons and operated for Profit and where The Dust Bowl, or the dirty thirties, was a period of severe Dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage to American and [8] In fact, claiming the book was both obscene and misrepresented conditions in the county, the Kern County Board of Supervisors banned the book from the county's public schools and libraries in August 1939. Obscenity (in Latin obscenus, meaning "foul repulsive detestable" is a term that is most often used in a legal context to Kern County is a County located in the southern Central Valley of the U The Board of Supervisors is the body governing Counties in the U Many societies have banned certain Books This is a partial list of books that have been banned. The term public school has two distinct (and virtually opposite meanings depending on the location of usage in the United States, Australia and A library is a collection of information sources resources and services and the structure in which it is housed it is organized for use and maintained by a public body an institution This ban lasted until January 1941. [9]

Of the controversy, Steinbeck wrote, "The vilification of me out here from the large landowners and bankers is pretty bad. An insult (also called putdown) is an expression statement or behavior that is considered degrading The latest is a rumor started by them that the Okies hate me and have threatened to kill me for lying about them. Okie is a term dating from as early as 1907 denoting a resident or native of Oklahoma. I'm frightened at the rolling might of this damned thing. It is completely out of hand; I mean a kind of hysteria about the book is growing that is not healthy. "

The film versions of The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men (by two different movie studios) were in production simultaneously. Steinbeck spent a full day on the set of The Grapes of Wrath and the next day on the set of Of Mice and Men.

1940s—1950s

Steinbeck divorced his first wife, Carol Henning, in 1943. He married Gwyn Conger that same year, a union which produced Steinbeck's only children, Thomas ("Thom") Myles Steinbeck in 1944 and John Steinbeck IV (Catbird), in 1946. Thomas Myles Steinbeck is the eldest son of John Steinbeck, the Nobel Laureate John Steinbeck IV ( June 12 1946 &ndash February 7 1991) was an American journalist and author They divorced in 1948. Two years later, Steinbeck married Elaine (Anderson) Scott, the ex-wife of actor Zachary Scott. Zachary Scott ( February 24, 1914 – October 3, 1965) was an American actor most notable for his roles as villains and "mystery They would remain married until his death in 1968. [3] She died in New York 27 April 2003.

Ed Ricketts

In 1940, Steinbeck's interest in marine biology and his friendship with Ed Ricketts led him to a voyage around the Gulf of California, also known as the "Sea of Cortez," where they collected biological specimens. Marine biology is the scientific study of living Organisms in the Ocean or other marine or Brackish bodies of water Edward Flanders Robb Ricketts ( May 14, 1897 - May 11, 1948) commonly known as Ed Ricketts, was an American Marine " Sea of Cortez " redirects here For the book by John Steinbeck, see The Log from the Sea of Cortez. Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro 1st Marqués del Valle de Oaxaca ( 1485&ndash December 2, Steinbeck's narrative portion of the total expedition report (with some philosophical additions by Ricketts) was later published as The Log from the Sea of Cortez, and describes the daily experiences of the trip. The Log from the Sea of Cortez is a book written by John Steinbeck, published in 1951 which details a six-week marine specimen-collecting boat expedition he The narrative-log plus the full catalog of the marine invertebrates taken, had earlier been published as a naturalist's narrative and biological catalog of the invertebrate life of the Gulf of California. " Sea of Cortez " redirects here For the book by John Steinbeck, see The Log from the Sea of Cortez. While it remains a classic of an earlier tradition in biological reporting, in 1942 it did not sell well, in part due to failure to find a popular audience. [10]

Ed Ricketts lab at 800 Cannery Row, Monterey which was the basis for Docs marine Lab in the novel Cannery Row
Ed Ricketts lab at 800 Cannery Row, Monterey which was the basis for Docs marine Lab in the novel Cannery Row

Ed Ricketts had a tremendous impact on Steinbeck's writing. Cannery Row is the waterfront Street in the New Monterey section of Monterey California, the site of a number of now-defunct Sardine canning factories Edward Flanders Robb Ricketts ( May 14, 1897 - May 11, 1948) commonly known as Ed Ricketts, was an American Marine Not only did he help Steinbeck while he was in the process of writing, but he aided Steinbeck in his social adventures. Steinbeck frequently took small trips with Ricketts along the California coast, to collect the biological specimens which Ricketts sold for a living, and to give Steinbeck a vacation from his writing. [10]

Ricketts' impact on Steinbeck was so great that Steinbeck decided to base his character "Doc" in the novels Cannery Row and Sweet Thursday on Ricketts. Cannery Row is the waterfront Street in the New Monterey section of Monterey California, the site of a number of now-defunct Sardine canning factories Sweet Thursday is a 1954 novel by John Steinbeck. It is a Sequel to Cannery Row and set in the years after the end Steinbeck's close relationship with Ricketts would end with the coming of the second World War, and as Steinbeck moved away from Salinas, California, to pursue a life away from his wife Carol. [10]

World War II

During World War II, Steinbeck served as a war correspondent for the New York Herald Tribune. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including A war correspondent is a Journalist who covers stories firsthand from a war zone. The New York Herald Tribune was a daily newspaper created in 1924 when the New York Tribune acquired the New York Herald. It was at that time he became friends with Will Lang Jr. of Time/Life magazine. William John Lang Jr ( 7 October 1914 – 21 January 1968) was an American journalist and a bureau head for Life During the war, Steinbeck saw action in accompanying some of the commando raids of Douglas Fairbanks, Jr.'s Beach Jumpers program, which (among other things) launched small-unit diversion operations against German-held islands in the Mediterranean. Douglas Elton Fairbanks Jr, KBE, DSC ( December 9, 1909 &ndash May 7, 2000) was an American Actor Beach Jumpers were US Navy Special warfare units specializing in deception and Psychological warfare. As a war correspondent, Steinbeck would certainly have been executed if he had been captured with the automatic weapon which he routinely carried on such missions, but all were successful. These missions would help to earn Fairbanks a number of decorations, but as a civilian, Steinbeck's role in these doings went officially unrecognized. Some of Steinbeck's writings from his correspondence days were collected and made into the novelistic documentary Once There Was A War (1958). Once There Was a War, published in 1958, is a collection of articles written by John Steinbeck while he was a special War correspondent for the

During the war, he continued to work in film, writing Alfred Hitchcock's Lifeboat (1944), and the film A Medal for Benny (1945), about paisanos from Tortilla Flat going to war. Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, KBE (13 Lifeboat is a 1944 World War II War film, directed by Alfred Hitchcock from a story written by John Steinbeck. A Medal for Benny is a 1945 American film directed by Irving Pichel. The compadre (literally "co-father" or "co-parent" relationship between the parents and Godparents of a child is an important bond which originates when Tortilla Flat ( 1935) is an early Steinbeck novel set in Monterey California. John Steinbeck later requested that his name be removed from the credits of Lifeboat, because he believed the final version of the film had racist undertones.

His novel The Moon is Down (1942), about the Socrates-inspired spirit of resistance in a Nazi-occupied village in northern Europe, was made into a film almost immediately. The Moon Is Down is a Novella by John Steinbeck, an American author SOCRATES is the European Community action programme in the field of Education. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German It was presumed that the unnamed country of the novel was Norway, and in 1945 Steinbeck received the Haakon VII Medal of freedom for his literary contributions to the Norwegian resistance movement. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Haakon VII (Prince Carl of Denmark born Christian Frederik Carl Georg Valdemar Axel) (3 August 1872 in Charlottenlund 21 September 1957 in Oslo) Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional

After the war

After the war, he wrote The Pearl (1947), already knowing it would be filmed. The Pearl is a 1947 Novella by American author John Steinbeck The story first appeared in the December 1945 issue of Woman's Home Companion magazine as "The Pearl of the World. " It was illustrated by John Alan Maxwell. John Alan Maxwell ( March 7, 1904 - April 13, 1984) was an American artist known primarily for his book and magazine illustrations as The novel is an imaginative telling of a story which Steinbeck had heard in La Paz, as related in The Log From the Sea of Cortez, which he described in Chapter 11 as being "so much like a parable that it almost can't be". Steinbeck traveled to Mexico for the filming; on this trip he would be inspired by the story of Emiliano Zapata, and subsequently wrote a film script (Viva Zapata!) directed by Elia Kazan and starring Marlon Brando and Anthony Quinn. Emiliano Zapata Salazar ( August 8, 1879 – April 10, 1919) was a leading figure in the Mexican Revolution, which broke out in For the 7 Year Bitch album please see ¡Viva Zapata!. Viva Zapata! is a 1952 Biographical film directed by Elia Mother, ( Greek: Ηλίας Καζάν September 7 1909 &ndash September 28 2003) was a Greek - American Marlon Brando Jr (April 3 1924 – July 1 2004 was an Academy Award -winning American Actor, whose body of work spanned over half a century For other people named Anthony Quinn see Anthony Quinn (disambiguation Anthony Quinn ( April 21, 1915 &ndash

In 1948 Steinbeck again toured the Soviet Union, together with renowned photographer Robert Capa. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Robert Capa ( Budapest, October 22 1913 &ndash May 25 1954) was a 20th century combat Photographer who covered five different They visited Moscow, Kiev, Tbilisi, Batumi and the ruined Stalingrad. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the Tbilisi (ˌtbiˈliːsi in Georgian: თბილისი is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari Batumi (ბათუმი formerly Batum or Batoum) is a seaside city on the Black Sea coast and Capital of Adjara, an Autonomous He wrote a humorous report-book about their experiences, A Russian Journal, which was illustrated with Capa's photos. Avoiding political topics and reporting about the life of simple Soviet peasants and workers, Steinbeck tried to generate more understanding toward people living in the Soviet Union, in a time when anti-Communism was widespread in the U. S. and the danger of war between the two countries was imminent. However, throughout his writing, until nearly the end of his career, Steinbeck was far more concerned with the biological problems and biological facts of existence of the individual human, than he was with ideological systems.

In the same year he was also elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters. The American Academy of Arts and Letters is a 250-member organization whose goal is to "foster assist and sustain excellence" in American Literature,

1950s—1960s

Following his divorce from Gwyndolyn Conger and the sudden, tragic death of his close friend Ed Ricketts, Steinbeck wrote one of his most popular novels, East of Eden (1952). East of Eden is a Novel by Nobel Prize winner John Steinbeck, published in September 1952 This book, which he wrote to give his sons some idea of their heritage, was the book he repeatedly wrote of as his best, and his life's work.

In 1952, Steinbeck appeared as the on-screen narrator of 20th Century Fox's film, O. Henry's Full House. O Henry's Full House ( 1952) is an Anthology film made by 20th Century Fox, consisting of five separate stories by O Although Steinbeck later admitted he was uncomfortable before the camera, he provided interesting introductions to several filmed adaptations of short stories by the legendary writer O. Henry. O Henry is the Pen name of American Writer William Sydney Porter ( September 11, 1862 – June 5 About the same time, Steinbeck recorded readings of several of his short stories for Columbia Records; despite some obvious stiffness, the recordings provide a literal record of Steinbeck's deep, resonant voice. Columbia Records is an American Record label founded in 1888 Columbia is the oldest surviving Brand name in pre-recorded sound being the first record company

Following the success of Viva Zapata!, Steinbeck collaborated with Kazan on the theatrical production of East of Eden, James Dean's film debut. East of Eden is a 1955 film, directed by Elia Kazan, and loosely based on part of the 1952 novel of the same name by US author John James Byron Dean ( February 8 1931 &ndash September 30 1955) was a two-time Oscar -nominated American Film

Steinbeck's next to last major work, Travels with Charley (subtitle: In Search of America) is a travelogue of a coast-to-coast road trip he took across the United States in 1960, in a camper truck, with his standard poodle Charley. Travels with Charley In Search of America is a travelogue by American author John Steinbeck. This article is about the film Road Trip For the PlayStation 2 video game see Road Trip Adventure. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In the work, Steinbeck misses his lost youth and lost roots, and both criticizes and praises America on many levels. According to Thom Steinbeck, the author's older son, the real reason for the trip was that Steinbeck knew he was dying and wanted to see his country one last time. Thom says he was surprised that his stepmother (Steinbeck's wife) allowed Steinbeck to make the trip, since Steinbeck's heart disease put him at risk of dying without warning at any time. [11]

Rocinante, Steinbeck's camper truck which he used to travel across the United States in 1960
Rocinante, Steinbeck's camper truck which he used to travel across the United States in 1960

Steinbeck's last novel, The Winter of Our Discontent, was written in 1961. Rocinante is the name of Don Quixote 's horse in the novel Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes y Saavedra. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Winter of Our Discontent is a 1961 Novel by John Steinbeck. Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The book examines moral decline in America through a tragic story. Decline is a change over time from previously efficient to inefficient organizational functioning from previously rational to non-rational organizational and individual decision-making [12] The book reflected Steinbeck's increasing concern over the loss of integrity amongst members of society and the subsequent moral decay; in the book, the protagonist Ethan, like Steinbeck grows discontented both with his own moral decline and of those around him. [12] The book is quite different in tone to Steinbeck's amoral and ecological description of the innocent thievery of the protagonists of his earlier works such as Tortilla Flat and Cannery Row. Tortilla Flat ( 1935) is an early Steinbeck novel set in Monterey California. Cannery Row is the waterfront Street in the New Monterey section of Monterey California, the site of a number of now-defunct Sardine canning factories Like many of Steinbeck's works, his last one was critically savaged. Many reviewers saw the quality and importance of the novel but were again disappointed, as many were still hoping for a work similar to the Grapes of Wrath. The Grapes of Wrath is a novel published in 1939 and written by John Steinbeck, who was awarded the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize for [12]

Nobel prize for literature

In 1962, Steinbeck won the Nobel Prize for Literature for his “realistic and imaginative writing, combining as it does sympathetic humor and keen social perception. The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur is awarded annually since 1901 to an author from any country who has in the words from the will of Alfred ” Privately, he felt he did not deserve the honor. In his acceptance speech, he said:

"the writer is delegated to declare and to celebrate man's proven capacity for greatness of heart and spirit—for gallantry in defeat, for courage, compassion and love. In the endless war against weakness and despair, these are the bright rally flags of hope and of emulation. I hold that a writer who does not believe in the perfectibility of man has no dedication nor any membership in literature. "

– Steinbeck Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech[13]

The gravesite of Steinbeck's ashes in Salinas Cemetery
The gravesite of Steinbeck's ashes in Salinas Cemetery

In September of 1964, Steinbeck was awarded the United States Medal of Freedom by President Lyndon B. Johnson. The Presidential Medal of Freedom is a decoration bestowed by the President of the United States and is along with the equivalent Congressional Gold Medal bestowed [14]

In 1967, at the behest of Newsday magazine, Steinbeck went to Vietnam to report on the war there. Newsday is a daily Tabloid -size Pulitzer Prize winning Newspaper that primarily serves Long Island and the New York City Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially Thinking of the Vietnam War as a heroic venture, he was considered a Hawk for his position on that war. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia War Hawk is a term originally used to describe a member of the House of Representatives of the Twelfth Congress of the United States who advocated His sons both served in Vietnam prior to his death, and Steinbeck visited one son in the battlefield (at one point being allowed to man a machine-gun watch position at night at a firebase, while his son and other members of his platoon slept). [15]

Death

On December 20, 1968 John Steinbeck died in New York City. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The City of New York His death is listed as heart disease or heart attack. Heart disease is an Umbrella term for a variety for different diseases affecting the Heart. Myocardial infarction ( MI or AMI for acute myocardial infarction) also known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood supply An autopsy showed nearly complete occlusion of Steinbeck's main coronary arteries. A stenosis ( Plural: stenoses; from Ancient Greek στένωσις "narrowing" is an abnormal narrowing in a Blood vessel [3]

In accordance with his wishes, his body was cremated and an urn containing his ashes was interred at his family gravesite. His ashes were placed with those of the Hamiltons (grandparents). His third wife, Elaine was buried with him in 2004. [10] He had earlier written to his doctor that he felt deeply "in his bones" that he would not survive his physical death, and that the biological end of his life was the final end to it. [10]

After Steinbeck's death, his incomplete novel based on the King Arthur legends, Acts of King Arthur and his Noble Knights was finally published, in 1976. King Arthur is a legendary British leader who according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against the Saxon invaders

Legacy

The National Steinbeck Centre in Salinas, California
The National Steinbeck Centre in Salinas, California

The day after Steinbeck's death in New York City, reviewer Charles Poore wrote in the New York Times: "John Steinbeck's first great book was his last great book. But Good Lord, what a book that was and is: The Grapes of Wrath. " Poore noted a "preachiness" in Steinbeck's work, "as if half his literary inheritance came from the best of Mark Twain—and the other half from the worst of Cotton Mather. Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30 1835 – April 21 1910 better known by the Pen name Mark Twain, was an American Humorist, satirist Cotton Mather (February 12 1663 &ndash February 13 1728 AB 1678 ( Harvard College) A " But he asserted that "Steinbeck didn't need the Nobel Prize—the Nobel judges needed him. The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature " Poore concluded:

“ "His place in [U. S. ] literature is secure. And it lives on in the works of innumerable writers who learned from him how to present the forgotten man unforgettably. " ”

Many of Steinbeck's works are often included on required reading lists in American high schools. High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution His works are often read in other countries, in particular, in schools in Canada and the United Kingdom. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located In the United Kingdom Of Mice and Men is one of the key texts used by the examining body AQA for its English Literature GCSE. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Of Mice and Men is a Novella written by Nobel Prize -winning author John Steinbeck. AQA ( Assessment and Qualifications Alliance) is an Examination board in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The term English literature refers to Literature written in the English language, including literature composed in English by Writers not necessarily from The General Certificate of Secondary Education ( GCSE) is the name of an academic qualification awarded in a specified subject generally taken in a number of subjects by A study by the Center for the Learning and Teaching of Literature in the United States found that Of Mice and Men was one of the ten most frequently read books in both public high and independent schools. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Of Mice and Men is a Novella written by Nobel Prize -winning author John Steinbeck. [16]

Steinbeck's works have aroused controversy. A controversy or dispute is a commencement of a conflict between statements of accepted fact and a new or unaccepted proposal that disagrees with argues against For example, at the time of its release The Grapes of Wrath was banned by several school boards, who believed his work to be obscene and misrepresentational. The Grapes of Wrath is a novel published in 1939 and written by John Steinbeck, who was awarded the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize for Many societies have banned certain Books This is a partial list of books that have been banned. Obscenity (in Latin obscenus, meaning "foul repulsive detestable" is a term that is most often used in a legal context to In one case, Kern County Board of Supervisors banned the book from the county's public schools and libraries in August 1939. Kern County is a County located in the southern Central Valley of the U The Board of Supervisors is the body governing Counties in the U Many societies have banned certain Books This is a partial list of books that have been banned. The term public school has two distinct (and virtually opposite meanings depending on the location of usage in the United States, Australia and A library is a collection of information sources resources and services and the structure in which it is housed it is organized for use and maintained by a public body an institution [17] The Grapes of Wrath was also burned in Steinbeck's home town of Salinas on two occasions. [18][19] Controversy however, still surrounds some of his work today; Of Mice and Men as another example, was banned in 2003 by a school board in Mississippi who considered the books use of profanity as a danger to its students. Of Mice and Men is a Novella written by Nobel Prize -winning author John Steinbeck. Mississippi ( is a state located in the Deep South of the United States [20] The American Library Association states that Steinbeck was one of the ten most challenged and banned authors from 1990 to 2004, with Of Mice and Men the sixth highest challenged out of the 100 most frequently challenged books in the United States. The American Library Association ( ALA) is a group based in the United States that promotes libraries and library education internationally The United States of America —commonly referred to as the [21][22]

California

The California area which includes Salinas and the Salinas Valley, Monterey, and parts of the nearby San Joaquin Valley, acted as a setting for many of his stories. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The Salinas Valley in the Central Coast region of California, USA that lies along the Salinas River between the Gabilan Range and The San Joaquin Valley (ˌsæn wɑːˈkiːn refers to the area of the Central Valley of California that lies south of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta The area is now sometimes referred to as "Steinbeck Country". [10]

Steinbeck's boyhood home, a turreted Victorian building in downtown Salinas, has been preserved and restored by the Valley Guild, a nonprofit organization. The term Victorian architecture can refer to one of a number of Architectural styles predominantly employed during the Victorian era. A non-profit organization ( abbreviated "NPO" also "not-for-profit" is a legally constituted Organization whose objective is to support or engage Fixed menu lunches are served Monday through Saturday, and the house is open for tours during the summer on Sunday afternoons. Tours is a city in France the Préfecture (capital city of the Indre-et-Loire département, on the lower reaches of the river Summer is one of the four Temperate Seasons Summer marks the warmest time of year with the longest days [23]

Cannery Row in Monterey where Steinbeck's friend and fellow biologist Ed Ricketts worked
Cannery Row in Monterey where Steinbeck's friend and fellow biologist Ed Ricketts worked

The National Steinbeck Center, two blocks away at One Main Street is the only museum in the U. Cannery Row is the waterfront Street in the New Monterey section of Monterey California, the site of a number of now-defunct Sardine canning factories Edward Flanders Robb Ricketts ( May 14, 1897 - May 11, 1948) commonly known as Ed Ricketts, was an American Marine The National Steinbeck Center is a Museum and Memorial dedicated to the Author John Steinbeck that is located at One Main Street in Salinas Main Street is the generic Street name (and often the official name of the primary retail street of a Village, Town, or small City A museum is a "permanent institution in the service of society and of its development open to the public which acquires conserves researches communicates and exhibits the S. dedicated to a single author. Dana Gioia (chair of the National Endowment for the Arts) told an audience at the Center, "This is really the best modern literary shrine in the country, and I've seen them all. The National Endowment for the Arts (NEA is a United States federally funded and donation assisted program that offers support and funding for projects exhibiting artistic excellence " Its Steinbeckiana includes Rocinante, the camper truck in which Steinbeck made the crosscountry trip described in "Travels with Charley. " A detailed breakdown of all of Steinbecks work are narrated through audio and visual materials including some original manuscripts, first editions and personal possessions. A manuscript is any Document that is Written by hand as opposed to being printed or reproduced in some other way [24]

The cottage his father owned on Eleventh Street in Pacific Grove, where Steinbeck wrote some of his earliest books, has also survived. [10]

In Monterey, "Doc" Ed Ricketts' laboratory has survived (though is not yet open to the public) and at the corner which Steinbeck describes in Cannery Row, also the store which once belonged to Lee Chong, and the adjacent vacant lot frequented by the hobos of Cannery Row. Edward Flanders Robb Ricketts ( May 14, 1897 - May 11, 1948) commonly known as Ed Ricketts, was an American Marine Cannery Row is a novel by John Steinbeck. It was published in 1945 Cannery Row is the waterfront Street in the New Monterey section of Monterey California, the site of a number of now-defunct Sardine canning factories The sardine cannery next to Doc's lab has long stopped operation as a cannery, and is now the Monterey Bay Aquarium, which contains some historical treasures, including a selection of Doc's library books. For the hide and seek-like game see Hide and seek. Sardines, or pilchards, are a group of several types of small Oily Canning is a method of preserving food in which the food is processed and sealed in an airtight container The Monterey Bay Aquarium, which is located on the site of a former sardine cannery on Cannery Row in Monterey California, is one of the largest Aquariums A library is a collection of information sources resources and services and the structure in which it is housed it is organized for use and maintained by a public body an institution A Book is a set or collection of written printed illustrated or blank sheets made of Paper, Parchment, or other material usually fastened together The town displays a series of civic links to Steinbeck's work including an avenue of flags from famous characters from Cannery Row, as well as a series of historical display signs. A flag is a piece of Cloth, often flown from a pole or mast, generally used Symbolically for signaling or identification [10]

Honors

Steinbeck's poem plaque at San Francisco's Jack Kerouac Alley.
Steinbeck's poem plaque at San Francisco's Jack Kerouac Alley. Jack Kerouac Alley (formerly Adler Alley or Adler Place) is a one-way alleyway in Chinatown, San Francisco California, that connects Grant Avenue

On December 5, 2007 California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver inducted Steinbeck into the California Hall of Fame, located at The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts. Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger ( German ˌaɐnɔlt aloʏs ˈʃvaɐtsənɛɡɐ born July 30 1947 is an Austrian American Bodybuilder, Actor Maria Owings Shriver ( born November 6 1955 is an award-winning American journalist a prolific author and First Lady of California. Conceived by First Lady Maria Shriver, the California Hall of Fame was established with The California Museum for History Women and the Arts to honor legendary individuals The California Museum for History Women and the Arts – home of the California Hall of Fame – is housed in the State Archives Building in Sacramento, one block [25] His son, author Thomas Steinbeck accepted the award on his behalf. In 1979, the United States Postal Service issued a stamp featuring Steinbeck, starting the Postal Service’s Literary Arts series honoring American writers. [26]

John Steinbeck postage stamp.

Political views

Steinbeck's literary background brought him into close collaboration with leftist authors, journalists, and labor union figures, who may have influenced his writing. A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming Steinbeck was mentored by radical writers Lincoln Steffens and his wife Ella Winter, and through Francis Whitaker, a member of the United States Communist Party’s John Reed Club for writers, Steinbeck met with strike organizers from the Cannery and Agricultural Workers' Industrial Union. Joseph Lincoln Steffens ( April 6 1866 &ndash August 9 1936) was an American journalist and one of the most famous and influential Ella Winter was an American Communist and the wife of journalist Lincoln Steffens. Francis Whitaker ( 1906 - October 3, 1999) was a Blacksmith in Carmel California and later an artist-in-residence at the Colorado The Communist Party of the United States of America ( CPUSA) is a Marxist-Leninist Political party in the United States. The John Reed Club was founded in October 1929 by staff members of The New Masses to support leftist and Marxist artists and writers [27]

Steinbeck complained publicly about government harassment. In a 1942 letter to United States Attorney General Francis Biddle he wrote "Do you suppose you could ask Edgar's boys to stop stepping on my heels? They think I am an enemy alien. Francis Beverley Biddle ( May 9, 1886 – October 4, 1968) was an American lawyer and Judge who was Attorney General WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Postnominal initials It is getting tiresome". [28] The FBI issued disingenuous denials that Steinbeck was not "under investigation". In fact, Steinbeck was indeed the object of intense FBI scrutiny. He was not under investigation, which is a technical term used by the FBI when it seeks to collect evidence in connection with a specific crime.

Steinbeck was also screened for his political beliefs by Army Intelligence during World War II to determine his suitability for an officer's commission. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including It found him ideologically unqualified. In later years, he would be criticized from the left by those who accused him of insufficient ideological commitment to socialism. In 1948 a women's socialist group in Rome condemned Steinbeck for converting to "the camp of war and anti-Sovietism". Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Then in a 1955 article in the Daily Worker his portrayal of the American Left was criticised. The Daily Worker was a newspaper published in New York City by the Communist Party USA, a Comintern -affiliated organization [29]

In 1967, Steinbeck traveled to Vietnam to report on the war, and his sympathetic portrait of the United States Army caused the New York Post to denounce him for betraying his liberal past. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. The New York Post is the 13th-oldest Newspaper published in the United States and generally acknowledged as the oldest to have been published continually Steinbeck's biographer, Jay Parini, has suggested that Steinbeck's affection for Lyndon B. Johnson, whom he considered a friend, influenced his view of the situation in Vietnam. [3]

Flag honoring Steinbeck in Monterey, California
Flag honoring Steinbeck in Monterey, California

Steinbeck was a close associate of playwright Arthur Miller, author of Death of a Salesman and The Crucible. Arthur Asher Miller (October 17 1915 &ndash February 10 2005 was an American Playwright and Essayist. Death of a Salesman is a 1949 play by American playwright Arthur Miller and is considered a classic of American theater The Crucible by Arthur Miller is a play based upon the events in 1692, which led to the Salem Witch Trials, a series of hearings before In June 1959, Steinbeck took a personal and professional risk by standing up for his companion, who was held in contempt of the United States Congress for refusing to name names in the House Un-American Activities Committee trials. The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses The House Committee on Un-American Activities ( HUAC or HCUA 1938–1975 was an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives. [18] Steinbeck called the period one of the "strangest and most frightening times a government and people have ever faced. "[18]

Major Works

Of Mice and Men

For more details on this topic, see Of Mice and Men. Of Mice and Men is a Novella written by Nobel Prize -winning author John Steinbeck.

Of Mice and Men is a tragedy that was written in the form of a play in 1937. The story is about two traveling ranch workers, George and Lennie, trying to work up enough money to buy their own farm/ranch. It encompasses themes of racism, loneliness, prejudice against the mentally ill, and the struggle for personal independence. Along with Grapes of Wrath, East of Eden, and The Pearl, Of Mice and Men is one of Steinbeck's best known works. It was made into a movie three times, in 1939 starring Burgess Meredith, Lon Chaney Jr., and Betty Field, in 1982 starring Randy Quaid, Robert Blake and Ted Neeley, and in 1992 starring Gary Sinise and John Malkovich. Oliver Burgess Meredith ( November 16, 1908 He graduated from Hoosac School in 1926 Lon Chaney Jr ( February 10, 1906 – July 12, 1973) was an American Character actor, known mainly for his roles Betty Field ( February 8, 1913 in Boston, Massachusetts - September 13, 1973 in Hyannis Massachusetts) was an Randall Rudy "Randy" Quaid (born October 1, 1950) is an American actor and Comedian. Robert Blake may refer to Bob Blake (ice hockey (born 1914 Canadian professional ice hockey player Robert Blake (admiral (1599&ndash1657 Ted Neeley (b Teddie Joe Neeley September 20, 1943 in Ranger TX USA is a rock and roll Drummer, singer actor composer and record Gary Alan Sinise (born March 17, 1955) is an American Actor and Film director. John Gavin Malkovich (born December 9, 1953) is an Emmy Award -winning two-time Academy Award -nominated American Actor

The Grapes of Wrath

For more details on this topic, see The Grapes of Wrath. The Grapes of Wrath is a novel published in 1939 and written by John Steinbeck, who was awarded the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize for

The Grapes of Wrath was written in 1939 and won the Pulitzer Prize in 1940. The Pulitzer Prize, ˈpʊlɨtsɚ PULL-it-sər is an American award regarded as the highest national honor in Newspaper journalism, The book is set in the Great Depression and describes a family of sharecroppers, the Joads, who were driven from their land due to the dust storms of the Dust Bowl. The Dust Bowl, or the dirty thirties, was a period of severe Dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage to American and The title is a reference to the Battle Hymn of the Republic. "The Battle Hymn of the Republic" is an American abolitionist song written by Julia Ward Howe in November 1861 and first published in The Atlantic Monthly The book was made into a film in 1940 starring Henry Fonda and directed by John Ford. Henry Jaynes Fonda ( May 16, 1905 – August 12, 1982) was an American Academy Award -winning Film and

East of Eden

For more details on this topic, see East of Eden. East of Eden is a Novel by Nobel Prize winner John Steinbeck, published in September 1952

Steinbeck deals with the nature of good and evil in this Salinas Valley saga. The story follows two families: the Hamiltons - based on Steinbeck's own maternal ancestry - and the Trasks, reprising stories about the Biblical Adam and his progeny. The book was published in 1952.

Travels With Charley

For more details on this topic, see Travels With Charley: In Search of America. Travels with Charley In Search of America is a travelogue by American author John Steinbeck.

In 1960, Steinbeck bought a pickup truck and had it modified with a custom-built camper top - rare for that day - and drove across the United States with his faithful poodle, Charley. In this sometimes comical, sometimes melancholic book, Steinbeck describes what he sees from Maine to Montana to California, and from there to Texas and Louisiana and back to his home in Long Island. The State of Maine ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean Montana ( is a state in the Western United States. One-third of the state in the western part contains numerous mountain ranges (approximately 77 named of the northern California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America Long Island is an island located in southeastern New York, USA, its western shores directly across from Manhattan, from which the island stretches The restored camper truck is on exhibit in the National Steinbeck Center in Salinas, California. The National Steinbeck Center is a Museum and Memorial dedicated to the Author John Steinbeck that is located at One Main Street in Salinas Salinas is the County seat and largest municipality of Monterey County in the U California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean.

Film credits

Partial Bibliography

Posthumous publishings include:

Further reading

References

  1. ^ The Nobel Prize in Literature 1962: Presentation Speech by Anders Österling, Permanent Secretary of the Swedish Academy, NobelPrize. org, <http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1962/press.html>. Retrieved on 21 April 2008 
  2. ^ a b c d Introduction to John Steinbeck, The Long Valley, pages 9 - 10, John Timmerman, Penguin Publishing, 1995
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h John Steinbeck: A Biography, Jay Parini, Holt Publishing, 1996
  4. ^ a b National Steinbeck Centre, Biography Page, 2007
  5. ^ Introduction to 'The Grapes of Wrath' Penguin edition (1192) by Rober DeMott
  6. ^ Jackson J. Benson, John Steinbeck, writer (New York: The Viking Press, 1984), pgs. 147, 651)
  7. ^ Of Mice and Men (1939). The Internet Movie Database. Retrieved on 2007-10-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated
  8. ^ Steibeck backlash of his portrayal of the depression, New Criterion, Accessed 2007
  9. ^ Steinbecks works Banned, Accessed 2007
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h Susan Shillinglaw (2006), A Journey into Steinbeck's California, Roaring Forties Press 
  11. ^ "Steinbeck knew he was dying," September 13, 2006. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Audio interview with Thom Steinbeck
  12. ^ a b c The students companion to John Steinbeck, page 24, Cynthia Burkhead, Greenwood Press, 2002
  13. ^ Steinbeck Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech
  14. ^ John Steinbeck, Recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Medal of Freedom Recipients, Accessed 2007
  15. ^ See Steinbeck, A Life in Letters.
  16. ^ Books taught in Schools, Center for the Learning and Teaching of Literature. Accessed 2007
  17. ^ Steinbeck Book Ban, Accessed 2007
  18. ^ a b c John Steinbeck, Writer: A Biography, Jackson J. Benson , Penguin, 1990
  19. ^ The Grapes of Wrath Burnt in Salinas, National Steinbeck Centre, Accessed 2007
  20. ^ Steinbecks work banned in Mississippi 2003, American Library Association, Accessed 2007
  21. ^ Steinbeck 10 most most banned list, American Library Association, Accessed 2007
  22. ^ 100 Most Frequently banned books in the U.S., American Library Association, Accessed 2007
  23. ^ John Steinbeck's Home and Birthplace, Information Point, Accessed 2007
  24. ^ The National Steinbeck Centre, Accessed 2007
  25. ^ Steinbeck inducted into California Hall of Fame, California Museum, Accessed 2007
  26. ^ Pulitzer Prize-Winning Author Gets ‘Stamp of Approval’. United States Postal Service (2008-02-21). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Retrieved on 2008-03-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
  27. ^ Steinbeck and radicalism New Criterion, Accessed 2007
  28. ^ Steinbeck Political Beliefs, Smoking Gun Part 1, Accessed 2007
  29. ^ Steinbeck Political Beliefs, Smoking Gun Part 2, Accessed 2007

External links

Educational resources

Primary Sources

Life related


Persondata
NAME Steinbeck, John Ernst
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION American writer, Nobel Prize for Literature laureate in 1962
DATE OF BIRTH February 27, 1902(1902-02-27)
PLACE OF BIRTH Salinas Valley, California, United States
DATE OF DEATH December 20, 1968
PLACE OF DEATH New York
Oprah's Book Club is a book club segment of the American Talk show The Oprah Winfrey Show, highlighting books chosen by host Find A Grave is a Website allowing its users to access maintain and expand an online Database of Burial records American literature refers to written or literary work produced in the area of the United States and Colonial America. The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur is awarded annually since 1901 to an author from any country who has in the words from the will of Alfred Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The Salinas Valley in the Central Coast region of California, USA that lies along the Salinas River between the Gabilan Range and California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous
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