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This article is about the English inventor. For the 19th century British politician, see John Arthur Roebuck. For the English inventor see John Roebuck John Arthur Roebuck ( December 28, 1802 &ndash November 30,

John Roebuck FRS (1718 – July 17, 1794) was an English inventor, who played an important role in the Industrial Revolution and who is known for developing the industrial-scale manufacture of sulfuric acid. The Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, known simply as The Royal Society, is a Learned society for science that was founded in 1660 Year 1718 ( MDCCXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Year 1794 ( MDCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland An inventor is a person who creates or discovers a new method form device or other useful means The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the Sulfuric (or sulphuric acid, H 2 S[[oxygen O]]4 is a strong Mineral acid.

Contents

Life and work

He was born at Sheffield, where his father had a prosperous manufacturing business. Sheffield ( is a city and Metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire, England After attending the grammar school at Sheffield and Dr Philip Doddridge's academy at Northampton, he studied medicine at Edinburgh, where he developed a taste for chemistry from the lectures of William Cullen and Joseph Black. A grammar school is one of several different types of School in the history of education in the United Kingdom and other English-speaking countries Philip Doddridge ( June 26, 1702 - October 26, 1751) was an English Nonconformist leader and Hymnwriter. This article is about Northampton in England for other places of the same name see Northampton (disambiguation Northampton ( is a large Market Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem meaning "earth") is the Science concerned with the composition structure and properties William Cullen ( 15 April 1710 – 5 February 1790) was a Scottish doctor and Chemist. Joseph Black ( April 16, 1728 &ndash December 6, 1799) was a Scottish Physicist and Chemist, known for his He finally graduated M. D. at the University of Leiden in 1742. Leiden University (Universiteit Leiden located in the city of Leiden, is the oldest University in The Netherlands. Year 1742 ( MDCCXLII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a He started practice at Birmingham, but devoted much of his time to chemistry, especially in its practical applications. Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um Among the most important of his early achievements in this field was the introduction, in 1746, of leaden condensing chambers for use in the manufacture of sulfuric acid. [1][2] Together with Samuel Garbett, he built a factory at Prestonpans, in Scotland, for the production of the acid in 1749, and for some years they enjoyed a monopoly. Prestonpans is a small Town to the East of Edinburgh, Scotland, in the unitary council area of East Lothian. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. In Computer science, ACID ( Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability) is a set of properties that guarantee that Database transactions are Eventually his methods became known, and, having omitted to take out patents, he was unable to prevent others making use of them. A patent is a set of Exclusive rights granted by a State to an inventor or his assignee for a fixed period of time in exchange for a disclosure of an

Roebuck next became involved in the manufacture of iron, and in 1760 established the Carron Company ironworks at Carroni, Stirlingshire. Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 The Carron Company was an Ironworks established in 1759 on the banks of the River Carron near Falkirk, in Stirlingshire, Scotland. Stirlingshire or the County of Stirling ( Siorrachd Sruighlea in Gaelic) is a Registration county of Scotland, based around Stirling There he introduced various improvements in methods of production, including the conversion (patented in 1762) of cast iron into malleable iron "by the action of a hollow pit-coal fire" urged by a powerful artificial blast.

Roebuck's next enterprise was less successful. He leased a colliery at Bo'ness to supply coal to the Carron works, but in sinking for new seams encountered such quantities of water that the Newcomen engine which he used was unable to keep the pit clear. Coal mining is the extraction or removal of Coal from the Earth by Mining. Bo'ness, properly Borrowstounness, is a town in the Falkirk Council area of Scotland, lying on a hillside on the south bank of the The atmospheric engine invented by Thomas Newcomen in 1712 today referred to as a Newcomen steam engine (or simply Newcomen engine was the first practical Hearing of James Watt's engine, he contacted its inventor. James Watt ( 19 January 1736 &ndash 25 August 1819 Boulton proved to be an excellent businessman and both men eventually made fortunes This engine, then at an early stage of its development, also proved inadequate, but Roebuck became a strong believer in its future and in return for a two-thirds share in the invention assisted Watt in perfecting its details. His troubles at the colliery, aggravated by the failure of an attempt to manufacture alkali, brought him into financial difficulties, and he parted with his share in Watt's engine to Matthew Boulton in return for the cancellation of a debt of £1200. In Chemistry, an alkali (from Arabic: Al-Qaly القلي القالي) is a basic, ionic salt of an Alkali metal Matthew Boulton ( September 3, 1728 &ndash 18 August 1809) was an English Manufacturer and Engineer. Subsequently, though he had to give up his interest in the Bo'ness works, he continued to manage them and to reside at the neighbouring Kinneil House, where he occupied himself with farming on a considerable scale.

Roebuck died in 1794 and was buried at Carriden Churchyard in Bo'ness. [3]

Honours and affiliations

See also

References

  1. ^ Derry, Thomas Kingston; Williams, Trevor I. The lead chamber process was an industrial process used to produce relatively strong concentrations of Sulfuric acid in large quantities (1993). A Short History of Technology: From the Earliest Times to A. D. 1900. New York: Dover.  
  2. ^ Kiefer, David M. (2001). Sulfuric Acid: Pumping Up the Volume. American Chemical Society.
  3. ^ Salmon, Thomas James. Bo'ness - Who's Who Historically.

Further reading

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