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John Richard Parker (born 1830 - died 1915?) was the brother of Cynthia Ann Parker and the Uncle of Quanah Parker, last chief of the Comanches. For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Cynthia Ann Parker, or Naduah (also sometimes spelled "Nadua" and "Nauta"{b Quanah Parker (c late 1840s - February 23, 1911) was a Native American Indian leader the son of Comanche chief Peta Nocona and The Comanche are a Native American ethnic group whose range (the Comancheria) consisted of present-day eastern New Mexico, southern Colorado An Anglo-Texas man of Scots-Irish descent who suffered being kidnapped from his natural family at the age of five by a Native American raiding party, who returned to the Native American people of his own free will after being ransomed back from the Comanche. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States He was a member of the large Parker frontier family that settled in east Texas in the 1830s. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. He was captured in 1836 by Comanches during the raid of Fort Parker near present-day Groesbeck, Texas. The Fort Parker massacre was an event in 1836 in which members of the pioneer Parker family were killed in a raid by Native Americans. Groesbeck is a city in and the County seat of Limestone County, Texas, United States.

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Birth and early years

John Parker was born in 1830 in Crawford County, Illinois the second oldest child of Silas Mercer Parker (1802-1836) and Lucy (Duty) Parker. Crawford County is a County located in the US state of Illinois. His younger siblings were Silas Mercer Jr. , and Orlena. His older sister was Cynthia Ann Parker. Cynthia Ann Parker, or Naduah (also sometimes spelled "Nadua" and "Nauta"{b This family and allied families, led by Silas' father John and brother Daniel, moved from Illinois to Texas in 1833. The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. A large group under the family patriarch, Elder John Parker, settled near the headwaters of the Navasota River in present-day Limestone County. Limestone County is a County located in the US state of Texas. In 1834 they completed Fort Parker for their protection on the frontier.

On May 19, 1836, a large force of Comanche and allied warriors attacked the fort, and in what became known as the Fort Parker Massacre killed five men and captured two women and three children: Parker, his sister Cynthia Ann, Rachel Plummer and her son James Pratt Plummerm as well as Elizabeth Duty Kellogg. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Year 1836 ( MDCCCXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap The Comanche are a Native American ethnic group whose range (the Comancheria) consisted of present-day eastern New Mexico, southern Colorado The Fort Parker massacre was an event in 1836 in which members of the pioneer Parker family were killed in a raid by Native Americans. Rachel Parker Plummer (1818 - 1839 was the daughter of James W [1]

Captivity

The Comanche's population had increased in large part by adopting captured women and children into the tribe, the former as child-bearing slaves and the later as tribal members. [1] The Comanche made little distinction from tribal members born into the tribe, and those adopted in. Children under puberty were tested for intelligence, strength and courage, and if they seemed acceptable in all, they were adopted into the tribe and taught to be warriors. [2] Grown men captured alive were generally killed, while women over puberty could expect gang rape and slavery. [2]

Elizabeth Duty Kellogg was ransomed from the relatively benign Delaware Indians relatively quickly by Sam Houston. Samuel Houston ( March 2, 1793 July 26, 1863) was a 19th century American statesman politician and soldier Rachel Plummer endured nearly two years of captivity among the Comanche, and never saw her oldest child, James Pratt Plummer, again. Her second child, born six months after her kidnapping, was murdered by the Comanche, who claimed that the child interfered with her work. [2][1]

Parker was raised by the Comanche, as were as his sister and younger cousin, John Pratt Plummer. Although the two boys were ransomed back in 1842. Plummer was returned to his grandfather and was able to readapt to white society. [2] Parker was unable to readapt to white life and ran away from his family to return to the Comanches. [1]

In Old Mexico

As did most young Comanche, Parker participated in many raids into Mexico during the September full moon, the “Comanche Moon,” when the dreaded Comanche raids literally devastated Mexico all the way to Central America. On one of these raids, he contracted smallpox. [3]. The Comanche were returning from the raid with captives, horses, and other plunder, but stopped briefly when Parker became too ill to ride, somewhere just north of the Rio Grande in West Texas. [3] The Comanche were terrified they too would catch this dreaded killer which had killed over half the tribe during the epidemic years and left Parker to ride out the illness, leaving a girl they had captured on the raid to take care of him. Rather than leave to try to return to her family, the girl nursed Parker back to health. [1] He then returned to Mexico with the girl and restored her to her home and family, and he later married her. [3].

Later life

Parker returned to the United States during the Civil War and served with Confederate troops in Texas. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The War Department was established by the Confederate Congress in an act on February 21, 1861. After the war, he returned to Mexico where he died in 1915 on his ranch. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. He appeared to have been the only one of the Parker children who lived a happy life. [1]

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b c d e f Exley, J. A. . “Frontier Blood: The Saga of the Parker Family
  2. ^ a b c Fehrenbach, T. R. “Comanches, The Destruction of a People
  3. ^ a b c [1], Cynthia Ann Parker.

References

. [1].

External links

http://www.rootsweb.com/~okmurray/stories/cynthia_ann_parker.htm

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