| John N. Mitchell | |
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| In office 1969 – 1972 |
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| Preceded by | Ramsey Clark |
| Succeeded by | Richard Kleindienst |
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| Born | September 15, 1913 Detroit, Michigan |
| Died | November 9, 1988 (aged 75) Washington, D.C. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Martha Beall Mitchell |
John Newton Mitchell (September 15, 1913 – November 9, 1988) was the first United States Attorney General ever to be convicted of illegal activities and imprisoned. The United States Attorney General is the head of the United States Department of Justice (see) concerned with legal affairs and is the chief law enforcement William Ramsey Clark (born December 18 1927 is a lawyer and former United States Attorney General. Richard Gordon Kleindienst ( August 05, 1923 – February 03, 2000) was an American lawyer and politician Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Martha Elizabeth Beall Mitchell ( 2 September 1918 &ndash 31 May 1976) wife of John Mitchell, United States Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) The United States Attorney General is the head of the United States Department of Justice (see) concerned with legal affairs and is the chief law enforcement He also served as campaign director for the Committee to Re-elect the President, which engineered the Watergate first break-in and employed Watergate burglar James W. McCord, Jr. in a "security" capacity. The Committee to Re-elect the President, often abbreviated to CRP or CREEP (an acronym used derisively by critics of the Nixon administration was a Nixon The Watergate burglaries, which took place on May 28 and June 17, 1972, have been cited in testimony media accounts and popular works on Watergate as The Watergate scandals were a series of Political scandals during the presidency of Richard Nixon that resulted in the Indictment of several of Nixon's
Mitchell was born in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up on Long Island in New York. Long Island is an island located in southeastern New York, USA, its western shores directly across from Manhattan, from which the island stretches New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous He earned his law degree from Fordham University School of Law and was admitted to the New York bar in 1938. Fordham University School of Law (commonly known as Fordham Law or Fordham Law School) is a part of Fordham University in the United States He served for three years as a naval officer (Lieutenant, Junior Grade) during World War II where he was a PT boat commander; his duties included commanding John F. Kennedy's PT boat unit. An officer is a member of an armed force who holds a position of authority In the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including PT Boats were a variety of motor Torpedo boat ( Hull classification symbol "PT" for "Patrol Torpedo" a small fast vessel used by the John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of He received two Purple Hearts for wounds in combat and the Silver Star. The Purple Heart is a United States military decoration awarded in the name of the President to those who have been wounded or killed while serving The Silver Star is the third highest military decoration that can be awarded to a member of any branch of the United States Armed Forces.
Except for his period of military service, Mitchell practiced law in New York City from 1938 until 1968 and earned a reputation as the nation's preeminent municipal bond lawyer. The City of New York In the United States, a municipal bond (or muni) is a bond issued by a city or other local government or their agencies
Richard Nixon met John Mitchell when Mitchell's municipal bond law firm merged with Nixon Mudge Rose Guthrie & Alexander in 1967. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. (Vice President Nixon had already lost to Senator John F. Kennedy in 1960 and had been soundly defeated in the 1962 California gubernatorial contest. Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ) The two men became friends, and in 1968, with considerable trepidation, Mitchell agreed to become Nixon's presidential campaign manager. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In Representative democracies, Electoral campaigns larger than a few individuals generally include a campaign manager, either Paid or Volunteer
During his successful 1968 campaign, Nixon turned over the details of the day-to-day operations to the superbly organized Mitchell. After he became president in January 1969, Nixon appointed Mitchell attorney general while making an unprecedented direct appeal to FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover that the usual background investigation not be conducted. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In most Common law jurisdictions the Attorney General, or Attorney-General, is the main legal advisor to the government and in some jurisdictions may in addition WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Postnominal initials [1] Mitchell remained in office from 1969 until he resigned in 1972 to manage President Nixon's successful reelection campaign. Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. As attorney general, Mitchell believed that the government's need for "law and order" justified restrictions on civil liberties. In Politics, law and order refers to a political platform which supports a strict Criminal justice system especially in relation to Violent crime He advocated the use of wiretaps in national security cases without obtaining a court order (United States v. U.S. District Court) and the right of police to employ the preventive detention of criminal suspects. United States v US District Court, 407 US 297 ( 1972) also known as the Keith case, was a landmark United States Supreme Court He brought conspiracy charges against critics of the Vietnam War, and demonstrated a reluctance to involve the Justice Department in civil rights issues. In the Criminal law, a conspiracy is an agreement between Natural persons to break the law at some time in the future and in some cases with at least one overt act The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia For animal rights group see Justice Department (JD The United States Department of Justice ( DOJ) is a Cabinet department "The Department of Justice is a law enforcement agency," he told reporters. "It is not the place to carry on a program aimed at curing the ills of society. "
Mitchell's name was mentioned in a deposition concerning Robert L. Vesco, an international financier who was a fugitive from a federal indictment. Robert Lee Vesco ( December 4 1935 - November 23 2007) was a Fugitive United States Financier. In the Common law legal system an indictment (ɪnˈdaɪtmənt (in-DITE-mint is a formal accusation of having committed a criminal offense Mitchell and Nixon Finance Committee Chairman Maurice H. Stans were indicted in May 1973 on federal charges of obstructing an investigation of Vesco after he made a $200,000 contribution to the Nixon campaign. Maurice Hubert Stans ( March 22, 1908 - April 14, 1998) was the finance chairman for the Committee to Re-elect the President, working Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. [2] In April 1974 both men were acquitted in a New York federal district court. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The United States district courts are the general Trial courts of the United States federal court system. [3]
On February 21, 1975, Mitchell was found guilty of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, and perjury and sentenced to two and a half to eight years in prison for his role in the Watergate break-in and cover-up, which he dubbed the White House horrors. Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In the Criminal law, a conspiracy is an agreement between Natural persons to break the law at some time in the future and in some cases with at least one overt act The crime of obstruction of justice includes crimes committed by Judges Prosecutors attorneys general, and elected officials in general Perjury, also known as forswearing, is the act of lying or making verifiably false statements on a material matter under Oath or Affirmation in a The White House Horrors is a term attributed to Richard Nixon 's former United States Attorney General, John N The sentence was later reduced to one to four years by United States district court Judge John J. Sirica. The United States district courts are the general Trial courts of the United States federal court system. John Joseph Sirica ( March 19 1904 – August 14 1992) was the Chief Judge for the United States District Court for the District of Mitchell served only 19 months of his sentence, at Maxwell Air Force Base in Montgomery, Alabama, a minimum security prison, before being released on parole for medical reasons. Maxwell Air Force Base, officially known as Maxwell-Gunter Air Force Base, is a United States Air Force (USAF installation under the Air Education and Training Montgomery (məntˈgəmɜriː is the Capital, second most populous city and the 4th most populous metropolitan area in the Southern U Alabama (formally the State of Alabama;) is a State located in the southern region of the United States of America. A prison, penitentiary, or correctional facility is a place in which individuals are physically confined or interned and usually deprived of a range of Parole may have different meanings depending on the field and judiciary system Tape recordings made by President Nixon and the testimony of others involved confirmed that Mitchell had participated in meetings to plan the break-in of the Democratic Party's national headquarters in the Watergate Hotel. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. The Watergate complex is an office-apartment-hotel complex built in 1967 in northwest Washington D In addition, he had met, on at least three occasions, with the president in an effort to cover up White House involvement after the burglars were discovered and arrested. A cover-up is an attempt whether successful or not to conceal evidence of wrong-doing error Incompetence, or other embarrassing information See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence In 1972, he warned reporter Carl Bernstein about a forthcoming Watergate-related article: "Katie Graham's gonna get her tit caught in a big fat wringer if that's published. Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Carl Bernstein (pronounced BERN-steen ˈbɜrnstiːn (born February 14, 1944) is an American journalist who as a reporter for The Katharine Meyer Graham ( June 16, 1917 &ndash July 17, 2001) was an American publisher "[4] This implied threat against the Washington Post publisher is considered the most famous threat in the history of American journalism. Coercion (co-er-shion is the practice of compelling a person or manipulating them to behave in an involuntary way (whether through action or inaction by use of threats The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D Publishing is the process of production and dissemination of Literature or Information &ndash the activity of making information available for public view Journalism is the profession of writing or communicating formally employed by publications and broadcasters for the benefit of a particular Community of people
Around 5:00 PM on November 9, 1988, he collapsed from a heart attack on the sidewalk in front of 2812 N St. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) Myocardial infarction ( MI or AMI for acute myocardial infarction) also known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood supply , N. W. , Georgetown, Washington, D.C.. Georgetown is a Neighborhood located in the Northwest quadrant of Washington D That evening he died at George Washington University Hospital. The George Washington University ( GW or GWU) is a private coeducational university located in Washington D He was buried with full military honors at Arlington National Cemetery based both on his World War II Naval service and his one-time cabinet post of Attorney General. A military funeral is a funeral given by a country's Military for a Veteran, a soldier who died in battle or another prominent military figure Arlington National Cemetery, in Arlington Virginia, is a military cemetery in the United States, established during the American Civil War World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including A cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of Government, typically representing the executive branch. In most Common law jurisdictions the Attorney General, or Attorney-General, is the main legal advisor to the government and in some jurisdictions may in addition
In a column on Mitchell's death William Safire wrote, "His friend Richard Moore, in a eulogy, noted that near Mitchell's grave in Arlington National Cemetery was the headstone of Colonel Gregory "Pappy" Boyington, a Medal of Honor winner, who used to call Mitchell yearly to thank him for saving his life. William L Safire (born December 17, 1929) is an American author semi-retired columnist and former Journalist and presidential A eulogy is a speech or writing in Praise of a person or thing Arlington National Cemetery, in Arlington Virginia, is a military cemetery in the United States, established during the American Civil War Colonel ( RP ˈkɜnəl GA ˈkɜrnəl is a Military rank of a Commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every country Colonel Gregory "Pappy" Boyington USMC, (December 4 1912 - January 11 1988 was an American fighter ace. The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government. "
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Martha Mitchell
Mitchell's second wife, Martha, became a controversial figure in her own right, gaining notoriety for her public pronouncements of her husband's innocence as the Watergate saga developed - even though their marriage had by that time broken down amid claims of her alcoholism and erratic behaviour. Martha Elizabeth Beall Mitchell ( 2 September 1918 &ndash 31 May 1976) wife of John Mitchell, United States
Because of her colourful personality and personal history, Martha's protestations that the President and the entire US government were involved in a cover-up were generally considered at the time to be delusional, and medical opinion was satisfied that she was mentally ill. History however has proved that much of what she said was true. Her name has therefore been subsequently given to the phenomenon - now known as the Martha Mitchell effect - which refers to the misdiagnosis of delusions brought about by mental illness. The Martha Mitchell effect is the process by which a psychiatrist psychologist or other mental health clinician mistakes the patient's perception of real events as Delusional
She died in 1976. Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Portrayal on Film and Television
In the 1995 Oscar-nominated film, Nixon, directed by Oliver Stone, Mitchell is played by the actor E.G. Marshall. William Oliver Stone (born 15 September) is an American Film director and Screenwriter. E G Marshall ( June 18 1914 - August 24 1998) was a two-time Emmy Award -winning American Actor who co-starred Martha is played by Madeline Kahn. Madeline Kahn ( September 29, 1942 – December 3, 1999) was an American actress, known primarily for her comedic roles
Notes
- ^ Gentry, Curt (1991). J. Edgar Hoover: The Man And The Secrets. New York: W. W. Norton, p. 616. ISBN 0-393-02404-0.
- ^ Bernstein, Carl; Bob Woodward (1974). All The President's Men. New York: Simon and Schuster, pp. 284n, 335.
- ^ Woodward, Bob; Carl Bernstein (1976). The Final Days. New York: Simon and Schuster, p. 138. ISBN 0-671-22298-8.
- ^ Bernstein, Carl; Bob Woodward (1974). All The President's Men. New York: Simon and Schuster, p. 105.
External links
| Preceded by Ramsey Clark |
United States Attorney General 1969–1972 |
Succeeded by Richard G. Kleindienst |
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