John Malcolm Patterson
44th Governor of Alabama
In office January 19, 1959 – January 14, 1963
Lieutenant	Albert B. Boutwell
Preceded by	Jim Folsom
Succeeded by	George Wallace
37th Attorney General of Alabama
In office 1955 – 1959
Governor	Jim Folsom
Preceded by	Bernard Sykes
Succeeded by	MacDonald Gallion
Chief Justice of the Alabama Special Supreme Court
In office 2003 – 2003
Born	September 27, 1921 (1921-09-27) (age 86) Goldville, Alabama
Political party	Democratic
Spouse	Mary Jo Mcgowin
Profession	Lawyer

John Malcolm Patterson (born September 27, 1921) is an American politician who was the forty-ninth Governor of Alabama, from 1959 to 1963. The Governor of the State of Alabama is the chief executive of the Government of Alabama The Governor has the power to execute Alabama 's laws and to call Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy. The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This is a List of Lieutenant Governors of the US state of Alabama, 1868 to present Albert Burton Boutwell ( November 13, 1904 - February 3, 1978) was the nineteenth lieutenant governor of Alabama. James Elisha Folsom Sr ( October 9 1908 &ndash November 21 1987) commonly known as Jim Folsom or "Big Jim" was the George Corley Wallace Jr (August 25 1919 September 13 1998 was a Democratic Governor of Alabama for four terms (1963-1967 1971-1979 and 1983-1987 and ran for The Attorney General of Alabama is an elected constitutional officer of the State of Alabama. Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. James Elisha Folsom Sr ( October 9 1908 &ndash November 21 1987) commonly known as Jim Folsom or "Big Jim" was the The Supreme Court of Alabama is the highest court in the state of Alabama. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar Goldville is a town in Tallapoosa County, Alabama, United States. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law as an attorney, Counsel or Solicitor; a person Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person The Governor of Alabama is the head of the Executive branch of Alabama 's government and the Commander-in-chief of the state's military forces Alabama (formally the State of Alabama;) is a State located in the southern region of the United States of America. The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Previously he served as State Attorney General (1954-1959). In most Common law jurisdictions the Attorney General, or Attorney-General, is the main legal advisor to the government and in some jurisdictions may in addition Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Most recently he served as interim Chief Justice of the special Alabama Supreme Court after Roy Moore removal from Chief Justiceship. The Chief Justice in many countries is the name for the presiding member of a Supreme Court in Commonwealth or other countries with an Anglo-Saxon justice system based on English The Supreme Court of Alabama is the highest court in the state of Alabama. Roy Stewart Moore (born February 11, 1947) is an American Jurist and Republican Politician noted for his refusal as the

Early life and career

Patterson was born in Goldville, Alabama. Goldville is a town in Tallapoosa County, Alabama, United States. He joined the US Army in 1939 and served in the North African, Sicilian, Italian, Southern France, and German campaigns of World War II. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including In 1945, he left the Army as a major, and obtained a law degree from the University of Alabama, but was recalled to active duty in the Army from 1951 to 1953 in the Korean War. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the

After his military service, Patterson joined the law practice of his father, Albert Patterson. Albert Patterson (c 1894 – June 18 1954) was gunned down outside of his office in Phenix City Alabama shortly after he won the Democratic nomination In 1954, Albert Patterson was nominated for Attorney General on a platform promising to clean up crime, but was shot to death in June of 1954. Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) John Patterson replaced his father on the Democratic ticket in a special election, and was elected to the post of Attorney General. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party.

Governor of Alabama

Governor Patteron on the TIME cover - June 2, 1961

As Attorney General, Patterson worked against organized crime, but his activities against the civil rights movement gained more attention. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He managed to ban the NAACP from operating in the state of Alabama, and blocked the black community's boycotts in Tuskegee and Montgomery. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, usually abbreviated as NAACP, is one of the oldest and most influential Civil rights organizations Montgomery (məntˈgəmɜriː is the Capital, second most populous city and the 4th most populous metropolitan area in the Southern U With backing from the Ku Klux Klan, Patterson ran for Governor in 1958, and won, defeating George Wallace, making him the youngest governor in Alabama history, and the first to move directly from the post of Attorney General to Governor. Ku Klux Klan ( KKK) is the name of several past and present secret domestic terrorist organizations in the United States, generally in the southern states that are Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. George Corley Wallace Jr (August 25 1919 September 13 1998 was a Democratic Governor of Alabama for four terms (1963-1967 1971-1979 and 1983-1987 and ran for

Patterson served as Alabama governor during the first half of the centennial of the Civil War. Patterson's clashes with the civil rights movement continued during his tenure as governor. A supporter of the state's segregationist policies, Patterson instigated the expulsion of black students for staging a sit-in at Alabama State University, and defended Alabama's voter registration policies against federal criticism. Alabama State University, founded 1867 is a historically black university located in Montgomery Alabama. He withheld police protection for interracial bus riders who were staging a "Freedom Ride" from Washington D. Freedom Rider is also a song by Traffic and later Rascal Flatts Civil Rights activists called Freedom Riders rode in interstate buses C. to New Orleans, and many of the riders were badly beaten by white mobs at the Birmingham bus station due to Patterson's deliberate neglect. Subsequent freedom riders were guaranteed safe passage only with the intervention of then Attorney General Robert Kennedy.

More positively, during Governor Patterson's tenure, the Alabama legislature approved greatly increased funding for highway and school construction, and provided additional funding for facilities for the mentally ill. Programs to improve Alabama's waterways and docks were expanded. Laws curtailing loan sharking were passed. A loan shark is a person or body that offers illegal Unsecured loans at high Interest rates to individuals often backed by Blackmail or threats In 1960, NASA designated Huntsville, Alabama, as the site for the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center. Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program Huntsville is a city in Madison and Limestone Counties in the U George C Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC the original home of NASA, is a lead center for propulsion, Space Shuttle propulsion Shuttle external fuel

Role in the Bay of Pig invasion and Presidential elections in 1960

According to a 1997 book by renoved investigative reporter Seymour M. Hersh The Dark Side of Camelot, Governor Patterson played an important, but even today little know, role in preparations to Bay of Pigs invasion against Fidel Castro new government in Cuba and JFK presidential campaign. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Seymour (Sy Myron Hersh (born April 8, 1937) is an American Pulitzer Prize winning investigative Journalist and Author For the United States invasion at the Bay of Pigs see Bay of Pigs Invasion. Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (born August 13 1926 is a Cuban revolutionary leader who was prime minister of Cuba from December 1959 to December 1976 and then president until The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la

Then President Dwight D. Eisenhower, whom Patterson personally know since World War II, when he served under his command in London in deep secret contacted Governor and informed about incoming operation and asked for use of Alabama Air National Guard to training of Cuban emigres. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Patterson agreed and allowed Major General George R. Doster to training emmigre squads in Nicaragua. Nicaragua (ˌnɪkəˈrɑgwə officially the Republic of Nicaragua () is a representative democratic republic and the largest nation in Central America Also aircraft owned by Alabamian Air Guard eventually were used in attack.

Meantime, Patterson - despite his strongly segregationist views - was an active supporter of John F. Kennedy Presidential candidacy and, in secret, raised a money for him. John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of Patterson had informed Massachusetts Senator about upcoming operation and warned that if the Cubans emigres' attack were set before election day, the chances of Republican candidate Richard Nixon winning would be greater. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. As a result, the operation was set for after the elections.

Source: Seymour M. Hersh, The Dark Side of Camelot, 1997, Chapter 12

Later life

Patterson was defeated in a 1966 run for governor by Lurleen Wallace, ran unsuccessfully for the post of Chief Justice of the State Supreme Court in 1972, and was appointed to the State Court of Criminal Appeals in 1984, where he remained until his retirement in 1997. Seymour (Sy Myron Hersh (born April 8, 1937) is an American Pulitzer Prize winning investigative Journalist and Author Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. Lurleen Brigham Wallace ( September 19, 1926 – May 7, 1968) born in Tuscaloosa Alabama, was the Governor of Alabama Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar

Chief Justice of the Special Supreme Court

After Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court Roy Moore was removed from office in results of his refusal to remove a monument of the Ten Commandments from the courthouse despite orders from a federal court judge to do so, he protested this decision. Roy Stewart Moore (born February 11, 1947) is an American Jurist and Republican Politician noted for his refusal as the The Ten Commandments, or Decalogue, are a list of religious and moral imperatives that according to Judeo-Christian tradition were authored by God and given

In result the special Supreme Court, composed retried judges, was appointed. Former Governor and Judge Patterson was selected to be this body Chief Justice.

Special Supreme Court, under Patterson presidency, ruled that Moore's removal was legal^[1].

In the wake of the Assassins

A ninety minute documentary film on John Patterson was completed in 2007 by Alabama filmmaker Robert Clem. Entitled John Patterson: In the Wake of the Assassins the film features an extended interview with Patterson himself as well as interviews with journalists, historians and such key figures as John Seigenthaler, aide to Robert Kennedy at the time of the freedom rides.

Electoral history

Alabama gubernatorial election, 1958 (Democratic primary)^[2]

• John Malcolm Patterson - 196,859 (31. 82%)
• George Wallace - 162,435 (26. George Corley Wallace Jr (August 25 1919 September 13 1998 was a Democratic Governor of Alabama for four terms (1963-1967 1971-1979 and 1983-1987 and ran for 26%)
• Jimmy Faulkner - 91,512 (14. 79%)
• A. W. Todd - 59,240 (9. 58%)
• Laurie Battle - 38,955 (6. Userpolbot from http//bioguidecongressgov/scripts/biodisplaypl?index=B000242 30%)
• George Hawkins - 24,332 (3. George Hawkins could refer to George A Hawkins, British Olympic athlete George Sydney Hawkins (1808-1878 US Representative from Florida 93%)
• C. C. Owen - 15,270 (2. 47%)
• Karl Harrison - 12,488 (2. Karl Harrison, born February 20, 1964 is a former Rugby league player for Featherstone Rovers, Hull and Halifax, who represented 02%)
• Billy Walker - 7,963 (1. Billy Walker ( 29 October, 1897 - 28 November, 1964) was a prominent English footballer of the 1920s and 1930s 29%)
• W. E. Dodd - 4,753 (0. 77%)
• John G. Crommelin - 2,245 (0. Rear Admiral John Geraerdt Crommelin Jr ( ca 1902 – November 2, 1996) was a prominent United States Navy officer and later a frequent 36%)
• Shearen Elebash - 1,177 (0. 19%)
• James Gulatte - 798 (0. 13%)
• Shorty Price - 655 (0. Ralph "Shorty" Price, was an Attorney and perennial political candidate from the state of Alabama, mostly noted for his colorful "clown" persona 11%)

Alabama gubernatorial election, 1958 (Democratic primary runoff)^[3]

• John Malcolm Patterson - 315,353 (55. 74%)
• George Wallace - 250,451 (44. George Corley Wallace Jr (August 25 1919 September 13 1998 was a Democratic Governor of Alabama for four terms (1963-1967 1971-1979 and 1983-1987 and ran for 27%)

Alabama gubernatorial election, 1958 (General election)^[4]

• John Malcolm Patterson (D) - 234,583 (88. 22%)
• William Longshore (R) - 30,415 (11. William H Longshore ( February 18, 1841 &ndash December 20, 1909) was a Private in the Union Army and a Medal of Honor 44%)
• William Jackson (I) - 903 (0. 34%)

Alabama gubernatorial election, 1966 (Democratic primary)^[5]

• Lurleen Wallace - 480,841 (54. Lurleen Brigham Wallace ( September 19, 1926 – May 7, 1968) born in Tuscaloosa Alabama, was the Governor of Alabama 10%)
• Richmond Flowers - 172,386 (19. Richmond McDavid Flowers Sr ( November 11, 1918 — August 9, 2007) served as Alabama 's Attorney General from 1963-1967 40%)
• Carl A. Elliot - 71,972 (8. 10%)
• Bob Gilchrist - 49,502 (5. 57%)
• Charles Woods - 41,148 (4. Charles Woods ( August 31 1921 - October 17, 2004) was an Alabama businessman and broadcaster and aspiring Politician 63%)
• John Malcolm Patterson - 31,011 (3. 49%)
• Jim Folsom - 24,145 (2. James Elisha Folsom Sr ( October 9 1908 &ndash November 21 1987) commonly known as Jim Folsom or "Big Jim" was the 72%)
• A. W. Todd - 9,013 (1. 01%)
• Sherman Powell - 7,231 (0. 81%)
• Eunice Gore - 1,589 (0. 18%)

Democratic primary for Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court, 1970^[6]

• Howell Heflin - 550,997 (65. The Supreme Court of Alabama is the highest court in the state of Alabama. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Howell Thomas Heflin (June 19 1921 &ndash March 29 2005 was a United States Senator from Alabama, and a member of the Democratic Party. 71%)
• John Malcolm Patterson - 287,594 (34. 30%)

References