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This is about John Leland, antiquary. For other people called John Leland see John Leland (disambiguation). John Leland may refer to Jon Leland (1947&ndash) American president & creative director of ComBridges

John Leland (September 13, 1506 – April 18, 1552) was an English antiquary. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. An antiquarian or antiquary is one concerned with Antiquities or things of the past He has been described as 'the father of English local history'; his Itinerary introduced the shire as the basic unit for studying the history of England—an idea that has been influential ever since. Local history is the study of the History of a relatively small geographic area typically a specific settlement parish or county

Contents

Early life

John Leland was born in London on September 13, 1502 [Mirror of Literature] or c. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September 1506 [Encyclopaedia Britannica]. He was a pupil to William Lily—the first head master of St Paul's School—and through the generosity of Thomas Myles, he was sent to Christ's College, Cambridge, graduating in 1521. William Lilye, or Lily (c 1468 &ndash 25 February, 1522) was an English classical Grammarian and scholar St Paul's School is a boys' Independent school, founded in 1509 by John Colet. Christ’s College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge. From this university he transferred to All Souls' College, Oxford, where he paid particular attention to the Greek language. All Souls College (in full The Warden and College of the Souls of all Faithful People deceased in the University of Oxford) is one of the constituent colleges He afterwards went to Paris, where he studied under François Dubois (Sylvius) and cultivated the acquaintance of the principal scholars of the age. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city (The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction suggests that these probably included Erasmus, the Robert Estienne, Abraham Faber, and Adrian Turnebus). Robert I Estienne ( Paris 1503 &ndash Geneva, 7 September 1559) also known as Robert Stephens ( Latin: Stephanus Adrianus Turnebus (Adrien Turnèbe or Tournèbe ( 1512 - 12 June 1565) was a French classical scholar While there he completed his studies of Latin and Greek; he later learned several modern languages.

Royal appointment

On his return to England he was a tutor of Lord Thomas Howard, son of the 3rd Duke of Norfolk, and to Francis Hastings, afterwards Earl of Huntingdon. Thomas Howard 3rd Duke of Norfolk (1473 – 25 August 1554) was a prominent Tudor politician. Francis Hastings 2nd Earl of Huntingdon (1514 – 20 June 1561) was the eldest son of George Hastings 1st Earl of Huntingdon and Anne Stafford Earl of Huntingdon is a title which has been created several times in the Peerage of England. He took Holy Orders and was appointed one of the chaplains to King Henry VIII, who gave him the rectory of Peuplingues, in the marshes of Calais. In a general sense the term Holy Orders refers to those in the Christian religion who have been ordained in Apostolic Succession. Henry VIII (28 June 1491 &ndash 28 January 1547 was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland and claimant to the Kingdom of Peuplingues is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais département in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France. Calais (kaˈlɛ in English often kæˈleɪ traditional English pronunciation /ˈkælɨs/ Kales is a town in northern France. Henry also appointed him his library keeper, and conferred on him the title of Royal Antiquary; Leland is the only person ever to hold this title. In 1533 Henry commissioned him to search after England's antiquities, and explore the libraries of all cathedrals, abbeys, priories, colleges, and all the places wherein records, writings, and whatever else was lodged that related to antiquity. "Before Leland's time," says Hearne, in his preface to the Itinerary, "all the literary monuments of antiquity were totally disregarded; and the students of Germany apprised of this culpable indifference, were suffered to enter our libraries unmolested, and to cut out of the books deposited there whatever passages they thought proper, which they afterwards published as relics of the ancient literature of their own country. Thomas Hearne (July 1678 - 10 June 1735) English Antiquarian, was born at Littlefield Green in the parish of White Waltham, "

In this research Leland spent over six years (from 1540 to 1546 travelling through England and Wales, visiting the remains of ancient buildings and monuments of every kind. On its completion, he presented the results to Henry, under the title of a New Year's Gift (published by John Bale in 1549) in which he says, "I have so traviled yn your dominions booth by the se costes and the midle partes, sparing nother labor nor costes, by the space of these vi. For the American baseball player use John Bale (baseball John Bale ( 21 November, 1495 &ndashNovember 1563 was an yeres paste, that there is almoste nother cape, nor bay, haven, creke or peers, river or confluence of rivers, breches, watchies, lakes, meres, fenny waters, montagnes, valleis, mores, hethes, forestes, chases wooddes, cities, burges, castelles, principale manor placis, monasteries, and colleges, but I have seene them; and notid yn so doing a hole worlde of thinges very memorable. " This descriptive Itinerary runs to five printed volumes in the 1906 edition.

At the dissolution of the monasteries, Leland made application to Secretary Thomas Cromwell, requesting his assistance in getting the manuscripts that they contained sent to the king's library. Thomas Cromwell 1st Earl of Essex (c 1485 &ndash 28 July 1540) was an English statesman who served as King Henry VIII 's chief minister In 1542 Henry presented him with the valuable rectory of Haseley, Oxfordshire; the year following he preferred him to a canonry of King's College, now Christ Church, Oxford, and about the same time collated him to a prebend in the church of Sarum. History See also History of Oxfordshire The county of Oxfordshire was formed in the early years of the 10th century and is broadly situated in the Not to be confused with Christchurch, a city in New Zealand. Christ Church (Ædes Christi the temple or house of Christ and thus sometimes known as Salisbury (ˈsɒlzbri ˈsɔːlzbri ('Solzbry' or ˈzɔːwzbri ('Zawzbry' — moving from RP to local dialect) is a cathedral city in the He was an absentee pluralist, with the income and leisure to pursue his interests; he retired with his collections to his house in the parish of St Michael le Querne, Cheapside, London, where he intended to follow the Itinerary with a history divided into "so many books as there be shires in England and shires and great dominions in Wales". It never materialized because, as a contemporary reported, in 1547 ‘he fell besides his wits’. He was certified insane in March 1550 and died, still mentally deranged, on April 18, 1552. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland.

Works

Leland's notes have survived, and held in the Bodleian Library. The Bodleian Library ( the main Research library of the University of Oxford, is one of the oldest libraries in Europe, and in England They are an invaluable primary source not only for the local history and the geography of England, but also for archaeology, social history, and economic history. Primary source is a term used in a number of disciplines In Historiography, a primary source (also called original source) is a Document, Recording Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos Social history is an area of historical study considered by some to be a Social science that attempts to view historical evidence from the point of view of developing Economic history is the study of how economic phenomena evolved in the past

The writings of Leland are numerous; in his lifetime he published several Latin and Greek poems, and some tracts on antiquarian subjects. His voluminous manuscripts, after passing through many hands, came into the Bodleian library, furnishing valuable materials to John Stow, William Lambarde, William Camden, Thomas Burton, William Dugdale, and many other antiquaries and historians. John Stow (c 1525&ndash 6 April 1605) was an English Historian and Antiquarian. William Lambarde ( October 18, 1536 &ndash August 19, 1601) was an Antiquarian and writer on legal subjects William Camden ( 2 May 1551 &ndash 9 November 1623) was an English Antiquarian and historian Sir William Dugdale ( 12 September 1605 &ndash 10 February 1686) was an English antiquary Polydore Virgil, who had plagiarised them freely, had the insolence to abuse Leland's memory—calling him "a vain glorious man. Polydore Vergil or Virgil (c 1470 &ndash April 18 1555) was an English Historian, of Italian birth otherwise known as " From these collections Hall published, in 1709, Commentarii de Scriptoribus Brittanicis. Several things are commonly known as Halls or halls. For the development of meaning of the word 'hall' see Hall (concept. The Itinerary of John Leland, Antiquary, was published by Thomas Hearne, at Oxford, in nine volumes in 1710, with a second edition printed in 1745, with considerable improvements and additions. Thomas Hearne (July 1678 - 10 June 1735) English Antiquarian, was born at Littlefield Green in the parish of White Waltham, Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire, The same editor published Joannis Lelandi Antiquarii de Rebus Brittanicis Collectanea in six volumes at Oxford in 1716.

Other references to John Leland

Somerset and Camelot

John Leland makes a possibly unwitting contribution to the myth of Camelot and King Arthur in a reference in a letter of 1542:

"At the very south end of the church of South-Cadbyri standeth Camallate, sometime a famous town or castle. Camelot is the most famous Castle and court associated with the legendary King Arthur. King Arthur is a legendary British leader who according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against the Saxon invaders . . The people can tell nothing there but that they have heard Arthur much resorted to Camalat. "

It has been suggested that in making this reference to "South Cadbyri" (Cadbury Castle in Somerset) he was possibly influenced by the proximity to this location of the villages of Queen Camel and West Camel. For other Cadbury Castles Camps and Hills see Cadbury. Cadbury Castle is an Iron Age Hill fort in the Civil parish Somerset ( or) is a county in south west England The County town is Taunton, which is in the south of the county Queen Camel is a village and Civil parish in the South Somerset district of Somerset, England, about seven miles north of Yeovil. West Camel is a village in south Somerset, England, about seven miles north of the town of Yeovil.

The Leland Trail

The Leland Trail is a 28 mile footpath which follows in the footsteps of John Leland as he traversed South Somerset between 1535 and 1543 in the course of his investigation of the region's antiquities. The Leland Trail begins at King Alfred's Tower on the Wiltshire/Somerset border and finishes at Ham Hill Country Park. King Alfred's Tower or The Folly of King Alfred the Great is in the parish of Brewham, Somerset, and near Stourhead, Wiltshire, Etymology The county formerly 'Wiltonshire' or 'Wiltunscir' (9th century is named after the former county town of Wilton (itself named after the River Wylye Somerset ( or) is a county in south west England The County town is Taunton, which is in the south of the county Ham Hill is a Geological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI Iron Age Hill fort, Roman site and Country park, to the

References

External links

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