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For other persons named John Jay, see John Jay (disambiguation). John Jay was an American politician statesman revolutionary diplomat and jurist of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries
John Jay
John Jay
In office
October 19, 1789 – June 29, 1795
Nominated by George Washington
Preceded by None
Succeeded by John Rutledge
In office
July 1, 1795 – June 30, 1801
Lieutenant Stephen Van Rensselaer
Preceded by George Clinton
Succeeded by George Clinton
In office
December 10, 1778 – September 27, 1779
Preceded by Henry Laurens
Succeeded by Samuel Huntington
Born December 12, 1745(1745-12-12)
New York, New York
Died May 17, 1829 (aged 83)
Westchester County, New York
Spouse Sarah Livingston
Alma mater King's College
Religion Episcopalian

John Jay (December 12, 1745 – May 17, 1829) was an American politician, statesman, revolutionary, diplomat, and jurist. The Chief Justice of the United States is the head of the judicial branch of the government of the United States, and presides over the U Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. Year 1789 ( MDCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. Year 1795 ( MDCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the John Rutledge (September 17 1739 – July 23 1800 was an American statesman and judge The Governor of New York is the head of the Executive branch of New York 's government and the Commander-in-chief of the state's military "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1795 ( MDCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 1801 ( MDCCCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Tuesday Stephen Van Rensselaer III ( November 1 1764 &ndash January 26 1839) was Lieutenant Governor of New York as well This page is for the US Vice President For others of that name see George Clinton. This page is for the US Vice President For others of that name see George Clinton. The President of the Continental Congress was the presiding officer of the Continental Congress, the convention of delegates that emerged as the first national government The Second Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that met beginning in May 10 1775 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Year 1778 ( MDCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Year 1779 ( MDCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Henry Laurens (March 6 1724 December 8 1792 was an American merchant and rice planter from South Carolina who became a political leader during the Revolutionary Samuel Huntington is a human name and may refer to Samuel Huntington (statesman (1731-1796 American jurist statesman and revolutionary leader Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 1745 ( MDCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The City of New York New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Westchester County is a primarily Suburban county located in the U New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval Columbia University is a private University in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. The Episcopal Church is the official name of the Province of the Anglican Communion in the United States. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 1745 ( MDCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Considered one of the "founding fathers" of the United States, Jay served in the Continental Congress, and was elected President of that body. The Founding Fathers of the United States are the Political leaders who signed the Declaration of Independence or otherwise participated in the The Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that became the governing body of the United States during the During and after the American Revolution, he was a minister (ambassador) to Spain and France, helping to fashion American foreign policy and to secure favorable peace terms from the British and French. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800 He co-wrote the Federalist Papers with Alexander Hamilton and James Madison. The Federalist Papers are a series of 85 articles advocating the ratification of the United States Constitution. James Madison Jr (March 16 1751 – June 28 1836 was an American Politician, the fourth President of the United States (1809–1817 and one of the Founding Jay served on the U.S. Supreme Court as the first Chief Justice of the United States from 1789 to 1795. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. The Chief Justice of the United States is the head of the judicial branch of the government of the United States, and presides over the U In 1794 he negotiated the Jay Treaty with the British. The Jay Treaty, also known as the Treaty of London of 1794, between the United States and Great Britain averted war solved many issues left over from A leader of the new Federalist party, Jay was elected Governor of New York state, 1795-1801. The Federalist Party (or Federal Party) was an American political party in the period 1792 to 1816 with remnants lasting into the 1820s He was the leading opponent of slavery and the slave trade in New York. His first attempt to pass emancipation legislation failed in 1777, and failed again in 1785, but he succeeded in 1799, signing the law that eventually emancipated the slaves of New York; the last were freed before his death.

Contents

Early life

John Jay was born on December 12, 1745, to a wealthy family of merchants in New York City. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 1745 ( MDCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The City of New York The Jay family was of French Huguenot origin, and was prominent in New York City. The Huguenots were members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France (or French Calvinists) from the sixteenth to the eighteenth Jay had numerous rich and prominent ancestors and relatives including his maternal grandfather Jacobus Van Cortlandt. Jacobus Van Cortlandt was a merchant and Mayor of New York from 1710 to 1711 and again from 1719 to 1720 His great grandfather was Pierre Jay, who left France on the revocation of the Edict of Nantes when all his worldly property was confiscated [1] because of his Protestant religion. He was the 6th out of 7 births of the family.

John Jay spent his childhood in Rye, New York,on his family's farm,"The Locusts", then attended King's College, the forerunner of today's Columbia University, and began the practice of law in 1768 in partnership with his relative by marriage, Robert Livingston. Columbia University is a private University in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. A successful lawyer, Jay also engaged in land speculation. His first public role came as secretary to the New York committee of correspondence, where he represented the conservative faction that was interested in protecting property rights and in preserving the rule of law while resisting British violations of American rights. The committees of correspondence were bodies organized by the local governments of the Thirteen Colonies during the American Revolution for the purposes of coordinating This faction feared the prospect of "mob rule". He believed the British tax measures were wrong and thought Americans were morally and legally justified in resisting them, but as a delegate to the First Continental Congress in 1774 he sided with those who wanted conciliation with Parliament. Events such as the burning of Norfolk, Virginia, by British troops in January 1776 pushed Jay to support independence. With the outbreak of war, he worked tirelessly for the revolutionary cause and acted to suppress the Loyalists. Thus Jay evolved into first a moderate, and then an ardent Patriot, once he realized that all the colonies' efforts at reconciliation with Britain were fruitless, and that the struggle for independence which became the American Revolution was inevitable. This article concerns Patriots in the American Revolution. For other uses see Patriot (disambiguation. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" [2]

His role in the American Revolution

Having established a reputation as a “reasonable moderate” in New York, Jay was elected to serve as delegate to the First and Second Continental Congresses which debated whether the colonies should declare independence. The Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that became the governing body of the United States during the He attempted to reconcile America with Britain, up until the Declaration of Independence. The United States Declaration of Independence is a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4 1776 announcing that the thirteen American colonies then Jay's views became more radical as events unfolded; he became an ardent Patriot and was influential in moving New York towards independence.

Jay did not attend the Continental Congress as it debated the independence; he was needed back in New York. There he was quite busy:

Finally, John Jay served as President of the Continental Congress from December 10, 1778 to September 28, 1779. The Supreme Court of the State of New York is New York State 's Trial court, and is of General jurisdiction. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Year 1778 ( MDCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Year 1779 ( MDCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Continental Congress turned to John Jay, an adversary of the previous president Henry Laurens, only three days after Jay become a delegate and elected him President of the Continental Congress. Henry Laurens (March 6 1724 December 8 1792 was an American merchant and rice planter from South Carolina who became a political leader during the Revolutionary Eight states voted for Jay and four for Laurens.

Diplomat

On 27 September 1779, Jay resigned his office as President and was appointed Minister to Spain. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Year 1779 ( MDCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common This is a list of United States Ambassadors to Spain from 1779 to the present day He was later appointed as one of the commissioners to negotiate a peace treaty with Great Britain. He was one of the most important diplomats of the new nation, as minister plenipotentiary to Spain, and later as peace commissioner (in which he negotiated treaties with Spain and France). Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. In many ways, John Jay played an indispensable role as an American Patriot during the Revolutionary War and afterwards. As one of the most scholarly and dedicated of the “founders” of the United States, he was one of the three or four most important diplomats in “winning the peace. ”

Slavery

Jay was a leader against slavery after 1777, when he drafted a state law to abolish slavery; it failed as did a second attempt in 1785. [3] Jay was the founder and president of the New York Manumission Society, in 1785. The New York Manumission Society was an early American organization founded in 1785 to promote the abolition of the Slavery of African descendants within The Society organized boycotts against newpapers and merchants in the slave trade, and provided legal counsel for free blacks claimed as slaves. [4] The Society helped enact the gradual emancipation of slaves in New York in 1799, which Jay signed into law as governor.

Jay was pushing at an open door; every member of the New York legislature (but one) had voted for some form of emancipation in 1785; they had differed on what rights to give the free blacks afterwards. Aaron Burr both supported this bill, and introduced an amendment calling for immediate abolition. This article discusses Aaron Burr (1756-1836 the US politician The 1799 bill settled the matter by guaranteeing no rights at all. The 1799 "An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery" provided that, from July 4th of that year, all children born to slave parents would be free (subject only to apprenticeship) and that slave exports would be prohibited. These same children would be required to serve the mother’s owner until age twenty-eight for males and age twenty-five for females. The law thus defined a type of indentured servant while slating them for eventual freedom. [5] The last slaves were emancipated by July 4, 1827; the process may perhaps have been the largest emancipation in North America before 1861,[6] except for the British Army's recruitment of runaway slaves during the American Revolution. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" [7] In the close 1792 election, Jay's antislavery work hurt his election chances in upstate New York Dutch areas, where slavery was still practiced. [8] In 1794 Jay angered southern slaveowners when, in the process of negotiating the Jay Treaty with the British, he dropped their demands for compensation for slaves owned by patriots who had been captured and carried away during the Revolution.

Jay made a practice of buying slaves, and then freeing them when they were adults and he judged their labors had been a reasonable return on their price; he owned eight in 1798, the year before the emancipation act was passed. [9]

Secretary of Foreign Affairs

In 1784-90, Jay served as the second Secretary of Foreign Affairs, an office which after 1789 became Secretary of State. The United States Secretary of Foreign Affairs was a position that existed in the United States government from January 10, 1781 to September The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs He sought to establish a strong and durable American foreign policy: to seek the recognition of the young independent nation by powerful and established foreign European powers; to establish a stable American currency and credit supported at first by financial loans from European banks; to pay back America's creditors and to quickly pay off the country's heavy War-debt; to secure the infant nation's territorial boundaries under the most-advantageous terms possible and against possible incursions by the Indians, Spanish, the French and the English; to solve regional difficulties among the colonies themselves; to secure Newfoundland fishing rights; to establish a robust maritime trade for American goods with new economic trading partners; to protect American trading vessels against piracy; to preserve America's reputation at home and abroad; and to hold the country together politically under the fledgling Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, also the Articles of Confederation was the governing Constitution of the alliance of thirteen independent and

Jay's heavy responsibility was not, however, matched by a commensurate level of authority, which helped to convince him that the national government under the Articles of Confederation was unworkable. Thus, he joined Alexander Hamilton and James Madison in attacking the Articles. James Madison Jr (March 16 1751 – June 28 1836 was an American Politician, the fourth President of the United States (1809–1817 and one of the Founding He argued in his Address to the People of the State of New-York, on the Subject of the Federal Constitution that the Articles of Confederation were too weak and ineffective a form of government. He contended that:

[The Congress under the Articles of Confederation] may make war, but are not empowered to raise men or money to carry it on—they may make peace, but without power to see the terms of it observed—they may form alliances, but without ability to comply with the stipulations on their part—they may enter into treaties of commerce, but without power to inforce them at home or abroad…—In short, they may consult, and deliberate, and recommend, and make requisitions, and they who please may regard them.

Kaminsky (2002) argues that Jay was the de facto "prime minister" with the primary goal of strengthening the fledgling national government. Jay believed that both at home and abroad Americans must adhere to moral principles, among them honesty, patriotism, duty, and hard work along with obedience to God's will. At the same time, he advocated economic and military strength for the United States and worked to avoid crippling foreign entanglements. Through his domestic policies, Jay hoped to remake Congress into a House of Commons. The weakness of Congress under the Articles, however, frustrated Jay, and by 1786 he became pessimistic about America's future.

During the Transition from Confederation to Constitutional government, Jay continued to serve as Secretary of Foreign Affairs well into the first administration of George Washington, in fact, remaining in office until Thomas Jefferson returned from France on March 22, 1790. Thomas Jefferson (April 13 1743 – July 4 1826 was the third President of the United States (1801–1809 the principal author of the Declaration of Independence Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. Year 1790 ( MDCCXC) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year

Federalist Papers 1788

Jay did not attend the Constitutional Convention, but he joined Hamilton and Madison in aggressively arguing in favor of the creation of a new and more powerful, centralized, but nonetheless balanced system of government. The Philadelphia Convention (now also known as the Constitutional Convention, the Federal Convention, or the " Grand Convention at Philadelphia Writing under the shared pseudonym of "Publius", they articulated this vision in the Federalist Papers, a series of eighty-five articles, written to persuade the citizenry to ratify the proposed Constitution of the United States. The Federalist Papers are a series of 85 articles advocating the ratification of the United States Constitution. The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme Law of the United States. Jay wrote five of these articles:

Jay's essays were shaped most powerfully by his training as a lawyer and his deep grasp of the importance of the figure of the lawgiver in the tradition of republican political thought. Jay combined such elements with a Christian aesthetic vision glorifying the idea of national union, a rhetorical synthesis central to The Federalist's popular appeal in political debate. [10]

The Jay Court, 1789-1795

In 1789, George Washington nominated Jay as the first Chief Justice of the United States. George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the The Chief Justice of the United States is the head of the judicial branch of the government of the United States, and presides over the U As chief justice from 1789-95, John Jay was instrumental in establishing the internal procedures of the Supreme Court and setting legal precedents. Jay's most notable case was Chisholm v. Georgia (1793), in which Jay and the court affirmed that some of the state's sovereignty was subordinate to the United States Constitution. Chisholm v Georgia, 2 US (2 Dall 419 (1793 is considered by many to be the first United States Supreme Court case of great significance and impact Unfavorable reaction to the decision led to adoption of the Eleventh Amendment which denied federal courts authority in suits against a state by citizens of a different state or by subjects or citizens of a foreign state. The Eleventh Amendment ( Amendment XI) of the United States Constitution was passed by the U Jay's decision set the groundwork for judicial review under Chief Justice John Marshall in the early 1800s. John Marshall (September 24 1755 – July 6 1835 was an American statesman and jurist who shaped American constitutional law and made the Supreme Court a center of power [11]

In 1792, he was the Federalist candidate for governor of New York, but was defeated by Democratic-Republican George Clinton. The Federalist Party (or Federal Party) was an American political party in the period 1792 to 1816 with remnants lasting into the 1820s There have been 89 gubernatorial elections in the state of New York since 1777 This page is for the US Vice President For others of that name see George Clinton. John Jay received more votes than George Clinton, but on technicalities the votes of Otsego, Tioga and Clinton counties were disqualified and not counted, giving George Clinton a slight majority. Otsego County is a County located in the US state of New York. Tioga County is a County located in the US state of New York. Clinton County is a County located in the US state of New York. The state constitution said that the cast votes shall be delivered to the secretary of state "by the sheriff or his deputy", but, for example, Otsego County Sheriff Smith's term had expired, so at the time of the election, the sheriff's office had been legally vacant, and the votes could not be brought to the state capital by anybody legally authorized. The Secretary of State of New York is a cabinet officer in the government of the U Clinton partisans in the state legislature, in state courts and federal offices were adamant to accept any argument that this would in practice subtract the constitutional right to vote from the voters in these counties, and these votes were disqualified. [12]

The Jay Treaty of 1794 with Britain

Relations with Britain verged on war in 1794. Madison proposed a trade war, "A direct system of commercial hostility with Great Britain," assuming that Britain was so weakened by its war with France that it would agree to American terms and not declare war. [13] Washington rejected that policy and sent Jay as a special envoy to Great Britain to negotiate a new treaty; Jay remained Chief Justice. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands Alexander Hamilton, always a close collaborator with Jay, selected Jay and wrote the instructions. The main goals were to avert war with Britain, settle financial and boundary issues left over from the Revolution, open trading opportunities with British colonies in the Caribbean, and establish friendly relations with America's chief trading partner. Jay achieved those goals in the Jay Treaty. The Jay Treaty, also known as the Treaty of London of 1794, between the United States and Great Britain averted war solved many issues left over from The British also achieved their main goal, which was to keep the U. S. neutral in the ongoing war between Britain and France. Jay thought, and Washington agreed, that it was the best treaty he could negotiate, and Washington signed it. The Senate, however, would ratify only if a provision restricting American shipment of cotton were removed. When Washington consulted the British minister, it turned out that the British had no objection to removing the clause. Bradford Perkins [14] wonders if a "more astute" negotiator might not have gotten better terms in the first place. The treaty did not resolve American grievances about neutral shipping rights and impressment, Elkins and McKitrick concluded that Britain would never have agreed to the neutral rights that Jefferson and Madison sought, and that apart from Jay "no other American could have got anything nearly as good. Impressment (colloquially " the Press " or " press-ganging " is the act of conscripting people to serve in the military or navy usually "[15]

The Republicans (not the modern Republican Party, and in fact would later become the Democratic Party) denounced the treaty up and down the land, but Jay, as Chief Justice, decided not to take part in the debates. [16] The failure to get compensation for slaves taken by the British during the Revolution, "was a major reason for the bitter Southern opposition. " [17] Jefferson and Madison, fearing a commercial alliance with aristocratic Britain might undercut republicanism, led the opposition. Jay complained he could travel from Boston to Philadelphia solely by the light of his burning effigies. However, led by Hamilton, the new Federalist party strongly backed Jay and Washington, and won the battle of public opinion. The Federalist Party (or Federal Party) was an American political party in the period 1792 to 1816 with remnants lasting into the 1820s [18] Washington put his prestige on the line behind the treaty, and Hamilton and the Federalists mobilized public opinion. The Senate ratified the treaty by a 20-10 vote (just enough to meet the 2/3 requirement. ) The treaty averted war, resolved the issues of the Revolution, gave America control over its western lands, expanded trade, and brought a decade of peace and prosperous trade between American and the world's strongest naval power, Britain. Peaceful relations broke down in 1805, followed by war in 1812. The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies

Governor of New York

While in Britain, Jay was elected governor of New York State as a Federalist. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The Federalist Party (or Federal Party) was an American political party in the period 1792 to 1816 with remnants lasting into the 1820s He resigned from the Supreme Court, and served as governor until 1801. As Governor, he received a proposal from Hamilton to gerrymander New York for the Presidential election of that year; he marked the letter "Proposing a measure for party purposes which it would not become me to adopt", and filed it without replying. Gerrymandering is a form of redistribution in which electoral district or Constituency boundaries are manipulated for electoral advantage [19]President John Adams then renominated him to the US Supreme Court; the Senate quickly confirmed him, but he declined, citing his own poor health and the court's lack of "the energy, weight, and dignity which are essential to its affording due support to the national government. John Adams (October 30 1735 July 4 1826 was one of the most influential Founding Fathers of the United States. "[20]

Despite Federalist nomination as governor in 1801, Jay declined and retired to the life of a gentleman farmer in Westchester County, New York. Westchester County is a primarily Suburban county located in the U His home and part of his farm are now operated as the John Jay Homestead [4] by the New York Department of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation, and is located on NY state route 22 in Katonah, near Bedford. Katonah New York is one of three unincorporated hamlets within the town of Bedford, Westchester County. Bedford is a town in Westchester County, New York, USA. The population was 18133 at the 2000 census

Jay died at home on May 17, 1829. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display He chose to be buried in a private family plot that he had established on the Rye property where he grew up, left to him in 1813 by his family and which property he in turn gave to his son, Peter Augustus Jay in 1822. This estate overlooking Long Island Sound remained in the Jay family through 1904 and today a portion of it is managed and its buildings are being restored for educational use by the Jay Heritage Center, located at 210 Boston Post Road in Rye.

Jay Heritage Center (Rye, Westchester attraction)
Jay Heritage Center(Childhood home of John Jay)
210 Boston Post Road
Rye, New York 10580

John Jay Homestead State Historic Site
400 Route 22 (Jay Street)
Katonah, New York 10536

Religion

Jay had been a warden of Trinity Church, New York since 1785; and, as Congress's Secretary for Foreign Affairs, supported the proposal after the revolution that the Archbishop of Canterbury approve the ordination of bishops for the Protestant Episcopal Church in America. Trinity Church, at 79 Broadway in New York City, is a historic full service Parish church in the Episcopal Diocese of New York. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the chief bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the The Episcopal Church is the official name of the Province of the Anglican Communion in the United States. [21]

In New York, Jay argued unsuccessfully in the provincial convention for a prohibition against Catholics holding office. [22]In February 1788, the New York legislature under Jay's guidance approved an act requiring officeholders to renounce all foreign authorities "in all matters ecclesiastical as well as civil", an "anti-Catholic" act designed to bar Catholics from holding public offices. Anti-Catholicism is a generic term for Discrimination, hostility or Prejudice directed at the Roman Catholic Church or its followers

In a famous quote within a letter to John Murray dated October 12th, 1816, the Chief Justice wrote, "Providence has given to our people the choice of their rulers, and it is the duty, as well as the privilege and interest, of our Christian nation to select and prefer Christians for their rulers. "

Jay's home, near Katonah, New York, is a New York State Historic Site and National Historic Landmark.
Jay's home, near Katonah, New York, is a New York State Historic Site and National Historic Landmark. John Jay Homestead State Historic Site is a site in Katonah New York. Katonah New York is one of three unincorporated hamlets within the town of Bedford, Westchester County. A National Historic Landmark (NHL is a Building, site, Structure, Object, or District, that is officially recognized by the

Legacy

John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York City
John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York City

Trivia

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Pellew, George: "American Statesman John Jay", page 1. This is a chronological list of notable cases decided by the United States Supreme Court during the tenures of Chief Justices John Jay The New York Manumission Society was an early American organization founded in 1785 to promote the abolition of the Slavery of African descendants within Houghton Mifflin, 1890
  2. ^ Klein (2000)
  3. ^ John Jay and Sarah Livingston Jay, Selected Letters of John Jay and Sarah Livingston Jay (2005) pp 297-99; online at [1]
  4. ^ Roger G. Kennedy, Burr, Hamilton, and Jefferson: A Study in Character (2000) p. 92
  5. ^ Edgar J. McManus, History of Negro Slavery in New York
  6. ^ ; Jake Sudderth," John Jay and Slavery" (2002) at [2]
  7. ^ Gordon S. Wood, American Revolution, p. 114
  8. ^ Herbert S. Parmet and Marie B. Hecht, Aaron Burr (1967) p. 76
  9. ^ Crippen II, Alan R. (2005). John Jay: An American Wilberforce?. Retrieved on 2006-12-13. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life
  10. ^ Ferguson, (1999)
  11. ^ Johnson (2000)
  12. ^ [3] The History of New York State
  13. ^ Elkins and McKitrick p 405
  14. ^ First Rapprochement p. 3
  15. ^ Elkins and McKitrick, ch 9; quote on p. 410
  16. ^ Estes (2002)
  17. ^ quoting Don Fehrenbacher, The Slaveholding Republic (2002) p. 93; Frederick A. Ogg, "Jay's Treaty and the Slavery Interests of the United States. " Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the Year 1901 (1902) 1:275-86 in JSTOR.
  18. ^ Todd Estes, "Shaping the Politics of Public Opinion: Federalists and the Jay Treaty Debate. " Journal of the Early Republic (2000) 20(3): 393-422. ISSN 0275-1275; online at JSTOR
  19. ^ Monaghan, pp. 419-21; Adair, Douglass. "Was Alexander Hamilton a Christian Statesman?". The William and Mary Quarterly: . 308-329. .  
  20. ^ Laboratory of Justice, The Supreme Court's 200 Year Struggle to Integrate Science and the Law, by David L. Faigman, First edition, 2004, p. 34; Smith, Republic of Letters, 15, 501
  21. ^ Crippen II, Alan R. (2005). John Jay: An American Wilberforce?. Retrieved on 2006-12-13. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life
  22. ^ Kaminski, John P. "Religion and the Founding Fathers. " March 2002.

References

Primary sources

External links

Political offices
Preceded by
Henry Laurens		 President of the Second Continental Congress
December 10, 1778 – September 27, 1779		 Succeeded by
Samuel Huntington
Preceded by
Robert Livingston		 United States Secretary for Foreign Affairs
May 7, 1784 – March 22, 1790		 Succeeded by
Thomas Jefferson
as United States Secretary of State
Preceded by
George Clinton		 Governor of New York
1795 – 1801		 Succeeded by
George Clinton
Diplomatic posts
New title United States Minister to Spain
September 29, 1779 – May 20, 1782		 Succeeded by
William Carmichael
Legal offices
New title Chief Justice of the United States
October 19, 1789 – June 29, 1795		 Succeeded by
John Rutledge
Henry Laurens (March 6 1724 December 8 1792 was an American merchant and rice planter from South Carolina who became a political leader during the Revolutionary The President of the Continental Congress was the presiding officer of the Continental Congress, the convention of delegates that emerged as the first national government Samuel Huntington ( January 5 1796 was an American jurist statesman and revolutionary leader from Connecticut. The United States Secretary of Foreign Affairs was a position that existed in the United States government from January 10, 1781 to September Thomas Jefferson (April 13 1743 – July 4 1826 was the third President of the United States (1801–1809 the principal author of the Declaration of Independence This page is for the US Vice President For others of that name see George Clinton. The Governor of New York is the head of the Executive branch of New York 's government and the Commander-in-chief of the state's military This page is for the US Vice President For others of that name see George Clinton. This is a list of United States Ambassadors to Spain from 1779 to the present day William Carmichael (c 1739 - 1795 was an American statesman and diplomat from Maryland during and after the Revolutionary War. The Chief Justice of the United States is the head of the judicial branch of the government of the United States, and presides over the U John Rutledge (September 17 1739 – July 23 1800 was an American statesman and judge
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