The Nuremberg judges, left to right: John Parker, Francis Biddle, Alexander Volchkov, Iola Nikitchenko, Geoffrey Lawrence, Norman Birkett

John Johnston Parker (November 20, 1885–March 17, 1958) was a U.S. judge who missed a nomination to the Supreme Court by one vote. Francis Beverley Biddle ( May 9, 1886 – October 4, 1968) was an American lawyer and Judge who was Attorney General Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Fedorovich Volchkov (Russian Алекса́ндр Фёдорович Волчко́в was a Judge during the Nuremberg trials Major-General Iona Timofeevich Nikitchenko (Russian Иона Тимофеевич Никитченко ( 1895 - April 22, 1967) was a Judge Geoffrey Lawrence 3rd Baron Trevethin and 1st Baron Oaksey, DSO, TD, KC ( December 2, 1880 - August 28, 1971 Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A judge, or justice, is an Official who presides over a Court of law The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. He was also the U. S. alternate judge at the Nuremberg Trials of Nazi war criminals and later served on the United Nations' International Law Commission. The Nuremberg Trials were a series of trials most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political military and economic leadership of Nazi Germany after Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers War crimes are "violations of the laws or customs of war" including but not limited to "murder the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian residents of an occupied The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The International Law Commission was established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948 for the "promotion of the progressive development of international law and

John J. Parker was born in Monroe, North Carolina, the son of John Daniel and Frances Johnston Parker. Monroe is a city in Union County, North Carolina, United States. He received the Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1907 and a Law Degree in 1908. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ( UNC, North Carolina, or simply Carolina) is a public, Coeducational Research While at the University, Parker was president of his class in his freshman and senior years, of the Student Council, of the Athletic Association, and of the Phi Beta Kappa Society. The Phi Beta Kappa Society is an academic Honor society with the mission of "fostering and recognizing excellence" in the Undergraduate Liberal arts In addition, he won a number of prizes and medals.

After leaving the University, Parker practiced law in Greensboro, North Carolina in 1908–1909, and then, from 1910 until 1922, he practiced law in his home town of Monroe. Parker married Maria Burgwin Maffitt of Wilmington, North Carolina in 1910. Wilmington is a city in and the County seat of New Hanover County, North Carolina, United States. In 1922, Parker moved to Charlotte and became head of the firm of Parker, Stewart, McRae, and Bobbitt. He was nominated for a number of public offices in the state by the Republican Party and ran against Cameron A. Morrison for governor in 1920. Cameron A Morrison (born on October 5, 1869 in Richmond County North Carolina died on August 20, 1953 in Quebec City, In 1924, he was elected Republican National Committeeman from North Carolina and delegate to the Republican National Convention which nominated Calvin Coolidge. The Republican National Committee (RNC provides national leadership for the Republican Party of the United States. The Republican National Convention is the presidential nominating convention of the Republican Party of the United States. John Calvin Coolidge Jr (July 4 1872 January 5 1933 was the thirtieth President of the United States (1923–1929 After serving as special assistant to the Attorney General of the United States in 1923, Parker was appointed, in 1925, as one of the judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. The United States Attorney General is the head of the United States Department of Justice (see) concerned with legal affairs and is the chief law enforcement Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit is a federal court located in Richmond Virginia with Appellate jurisdiction over the He would serve in this capacity until his death in 1958, at which time he was senior appellate judge of the United States.

In 1930, Parker was nominated by President Herbert Hoover to the United States Supreme Court, but was defeated by one vote in the Senate as a result of political opposition. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10 1874 &ndash October 20 1964 was the thirty-first President of the United States (1929–1933 The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. In particular, Parker was opposed by labor groups due to a decision he had written regarding the United Mine Workers and yellow-dog contracts, and by the NAACP due to remarks he had made in 1920 about African-Americans while a candidate for Governor of North Carolina. The labour movement or labor movement is a broad term for the development of a collective organization of working people, to campaign in their own interest for better Template talkInfobox Union for usage -->The United Mine Workers of America ( UMW or UMWA) is a North A yellow-dog Contract (or a "yellow dog contract" or a yellow-dog clause of a contract is an agreement between an employer and an employee in which the The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, usually abbreviated as NAACP, is one of the oldest and most influential Civil rights organizations African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa The Governor of North Carolina is the top executive of the government of the U Parker's rejection by the U. S. Senate was the first such unsuccessful nomination to the Supreme Court since 1894. Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate.

In 1945–1946, he served as an alternate judge on the International Allied Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, Germany. The Nuremberg Trials were a series of trials most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political military and economic leadership of Nazi Germany after Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. In 1954 he was elected to serve on the United Nations' International Law Commission. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The International Law Commission was established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948 for the "promotion of the progressive development of international law and

External links

• Judge John J. Parker Memorial Award
• North Carolina Bar Association's John J. Parker Memorial Award for 2004
• John J. Parker picture
• OurCampaigns.com

Judges of the Nuremberg Trials
	Geoffrey Lawrence (president)	Norman Birkett (alternate)
	Francis Biddle (judge)	John Parker (alternate)
	Henri de Vabres (judge)	Robert Falco (alternate)
	Iona Nikitchenko (judge)	Alexander Volchkov (alternate)