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John III Sobieski
John III Sobieski
Jan III Sobieski in Roman costume. Detail of a 1686 painting by Jerzy Siemiginowski-Eleuter. Jerzy Eleuter Szymonowicz Siemiginowski (c1660 - c1711 was a Polish painter of the Baroque, court painter of king John III Sobieski and was a Polish–Lithuanian
Born August 17, 1629(1629-08-17)
in Olesko, Poland
Died June 17, 1696 (aged 66)
in Wilanów, near Warsaw
Reign May 21, 1674
to June 17, 1696
Coronation February 2, 1676
in Wawel Cathedral, Kraków
Family or dynasty Sobieski
Coat of Arms Janina. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Oles'ko (Олесько Olesko אלעסק Alesk) is small town in Lviv Oblast ( province) of western Ukraine. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Wilanów Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship Wilanów is a district of the city of Warsaw, Poland. Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Wawel Cathedral &ndash the Cathedral Basilica of Sts Stanisław and Vaclav &ndash is Poland 's national sanctuary located on Wawel Hill in Kraków Kraków, in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow (ˈkrækaʊ M-W: krăk'ou krāk'ō is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland Szlachta ( refers to the noble class in the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (since 1569 semi-federal semi-confederal The history of Polish heraldry is an integral part of the history of the Szlachta, the Polish Nobility. Janina - is a Polish nobility clan coat-of-arms. Borne by several noble families descended in the-male line from the
Parents Jakub Sobieski
Zofia Teofillia Daniłowicz
Marriage and children with Marie Casimire Louise:
 Jakub Ludwik Sobieski
Teresa Teofila Sobieska
Adelaide Luise Sobieska
La Mannone Sobieska
Teresa Kunegunda Sobieska
Aleksander Benedykt Sobieski
Konstanty Władysław Sobieski
Jan Sobieski
For other monarchs with similar names, please see John of Poland. Children Marek become Starost. Jan become Marshal, Hetman and King of Poland. Zofia Teofillia Daniłowicz (1607 – 27 November 1661) - polish szlachcianka, daughter of Jan Daniłowicz and Zofia Żółkiewska Biography She came to Poland at the age of 5 years as a Lady in waiting to Ludwika Maria Gonzaga, the Queen of Poland from 1645 to 1672 wife and consort to Biography James Sobieski was born on November 2, 1667 in Paris, France, the son of king John III of Poland and Marie Casimire Biography Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska married Maximilian II Emanuel elector of Bavaria on 2 January 1695. Gallery Ancestors Gallery Ancestors The royal title John of Poland may refer to John I of Poland (1459-1501 John II Casimir of Poland (1609-1672 Jan

John III Sobieski, (Polish: Jan III Sobieski) (17 August 1629 - 17 June 1696) was one of the most notable monarchs of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, from 1674 until his death King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic Poland, or at least its nucleus was ruled at various times either by książęta (Dukes(ca The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė old literary Lithuanian Didi Kunigiste Letuvos, Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje Sobieski's 22-year-reign was marked by a period of the Commonwealth's stabilisation, much needed after the turmoil of the Deluge and Chmielnicki's Uprising. The Deluge ( Polish: Potop, full Polish name is Potop Szwedzki Deluge''' is the name commonly assigned in the History The term Khmelnytsky Uprising (also Khmel'nyts'kyi/Chmielnicki Uprising or Khmelnytsky / Chmielnicki Rebellion) refers to a Rebellion or Popular among his subjects, he was also a brilliant military commander, most famous for the victory over the Turks in the 1683 Battle of Vienna. The Battle of Vienna ( German: Schlacht am Kahlenberg, Polish: Bitwa pod Wiedniem or Odsiecz Wiedeńska, Turkish: İkinci For his victories over the Ottoman Empire, he was dubbed by the Turks the "Lion of Lechistan. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish "

Contents

Royal titles

Biography

Olesko Castle
Olesko Castle

Jan Sobieski was born 1629 in Olesko, a small town near Lwów (modern Lviv, Ukraine), to a notable noble family de Sobieszyn Sobieski of Clan Janina. The Olesko Castle (Олеський замок is currently located within the borders of present-day Ukraine. Oles'ko (Олесько Olesko אלעסק Alesk) is small town in Lviv Oblast ( province) of western Ukraine. Lviv ( Ukrainian: Львів, L’viv, Lwów Lemberg Львов L'vov; see also other names) is a major city in western Lviv ( Ukrainian: Львів, L’viv, Lwów Lemberg Львов L'vov; see also other names) is a major city in western Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Szlachta ( refers to the noble class in the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (since 1569 semi-federal semi-confederal Janina - is a Polish nobility clan coat-of-arms. Borne by several noble families descended in the-male line from the His father, Jakub Sobieski, was the Palatine of Ruthenia and Castellan of Kraków; his mother, Zofia Teofilia née Daniłowicz was a granddaughter of Hetman Stanisław Żółkiewski. Children Marek become Starost. Jan become Marshal, Hetman and King of Poland. Ruthenia Voivodeship (Palatinatus russiae województwo ruskie 1366&ndash1772 was an administrative division of the Kingdom of Poland (see Kingdom of Poland [1320–1385] A castellan was the Governor or caretaker of a Castle or Keep. Kraków, in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow (ˈkrækaʊ M-W: krăk'ou krāk'ō is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland Hetman was the title of the second highest military commander (after the Monarch) used in 15th to 18th century Poland, Ukraine and Grand Stanisław Żółkiewski (1547 &ndash 1620 was a Polish nobleman, Magnate and military commander After graduating from the Nowodworski College in Kraków, young Jan Sobieski graduated from the philosophical faculty of the Jagiellonian University. Bartłomiej Nowodworski High School ( I Liceum im Bartłomieja Nowodworskiego; unofficially known as Nowodworek) in Kraków, Poland is the oldest For several academies alternatively called "Krakow Academy" see Education in Kraków The Jagiellonian University (Uniwersytet After finishing his studies, together with his brother Marek Sobieski (1628-1652), Jan left for western Europe, where he spent more than two years travelling. During that time he learned French, German and Italian, in addition to Latin. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. This proved to be vital during his later military career.

Both brothers returned to Poland in 1648 and volunteered for the army during the Chmielnicki Uprising. The term Khmelnytsky Uprising (also Khmel'nyts'kyi/Chmielnicki Uprising or Khmelnytsky / Chmielnicki Rebellion) refers to a Rebellion or Jan founded his own banner of cavalry and commanded it in the rank of Rotamaster. Cf Khorugv Chorągiew ( Polish, pronounced; literally "banner" was the basic administrative unit of the Polish The Polish cavalry (kawaleria can trace its origins back to the days of Medieval mounted Knights. Rotmistrz (derived from Rittmeister) was a Military rank in Poland from the 15th century to the mid-20th century After the Battle of Zborów, the brothers were separated and Marek died in Tatar captivity the following year. Battle of Zboriv, also known as Battle of Zborów was fought in the vicinity of Zboriv, as part of the Khmelnytsky Uprising, between a combined Tatars ( Tatar: Tatarlar/Татарлар sometimes spelled Tartars, are a Turkic -speaking ethnic group or multiple ethnic groups Jan was promoted to the rank of pułkownik and fought with distinction in the Battle of Beresteczko. Pułkownik (literarily Regimentary ' abbrev płk) is a rank of Poland which corresponds to a Colonel in english-speaking countries The Battle of Berestechko ( Polish: Beresteczko UkrainianБерестечко was fought between rebellious Zaporozhian Cossack, Ukrainian peasant forces and their A promising commander, Jan was sent by King John II Casimir to Ottoman Empire as an envoy. For other monarchs with similar names please see John of Poland. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish There, Sobieski learned the Tatar language and studied the Turkish military traditions and tactics. The Tatar language (,, Татар теле, Татарча) is a Turkic Language spoken by the Tatars.

After the start of the Swedish invasion of Poland known there as "The Deluge", Jan Sobieski was among the Greater Polish regiments led by Krzysztof Opaliński, Palatine of Poznań which capitulated at Ujście, swearing allegiance to the Swedish king Charles X Gustav. The Deluge ( Polish: Potop, full Polish name is Potop Szwedzki Deluge''' is the name commonly assigned in the History The Deluge ( Polish: Potop, full Polish name is Potop Szwedzki Deluge''' is the name commonly assigned in the History Greater Poland or Great Poland, Polish Wielkopolska (Großpolen Latin: Polonia Maior) is a historical region of west-central Poland Biography Son of Piotr Opaliński. Married Teresa Czarnkowska on 28 May 1634, had two sons Piotr Opaliński and Jan Opaliński Poznań Voivodeship (1 1975-1998 Poznań Voivodeship 1975-1998 (Polish województwo poznańskie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Ujście Lublin Voivodeship Ujście (Usch is a town in Piła County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland, with 3888 inhabitants (2004 Charles X Gustav (Karl X Gustav (8 November 1622 – 13 February 1660 was King of Sweden from 1654 until his death However, in less than a year he returned with his unit to the Polish side, and after April of 1656 he fought for the Polish king.

Commander

Jan III, by Jan Matejko
Jan III, by Jan Matejko

During the three-day long battle of Warsaw of that year, Sobieski brilliantly commanded a 2000 men strong regiment of Tatar cavalry, for which he was promoted to the title of Lord Standard-Bearer of the Crown. Jan Matejko ( (also known as Jan Mateyko; June 24 1838 Free City of Kraków; - November 1 1893 Kraków) was a Polish painter The Battle of Warsaw (Schlacht von Warschau Bitwa pod Warszawą Tredagarsslaget vid Warszawa was a Battle which took place near Warsaw on July 18 The Crimean Khanate or the Khanate of Crimea (Qırım Hanlığı|قريم خانلغى Крымское ханство - Krymskoye khanstvo; A strong supporter of the French faction, Sobieski remained loyal to the King during the infamous Lubomirski Rebellion, which also helped in his military career. Lubomirski's Rokosz, or Lubomirski's Rebellion (rokosz Lubomirskiego was a rebellion against Polish King Jan II Kazimierz Vasa, initiated by the Polish nobleman In 1665 he married Marie Casimire Louise de la Grange d'Arquien and was promoted to the rank of Grand Marshal of the Crown and the following year to the rank of Field Hetman of the Crown. Biography She came to Poland at the age of 5 years as a Lady in waiting to Ludwika Maria Gonzaga, the Queen of Poland from 1645 to 1672 wife and consort to Court Marshal redirects here For the military judicial process see Court Martial. Hetman was the title of the second highest military commander (after the Monarch) used in 15th to 18th century Poland, Ukraine and Grand In 1667 he achieved another great victory over the Cossacks and their Tatar allies in the battle of Podhajce during the Polish-Cossack-Tatar War (1666-1671). A famed and much esteemed commander, in February 5, 1668 he achieved the rank of Grand Hetman of the Crown, the highest military rank in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the de facto commander-in-chief of the entire Polish Army. Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. A commander-in-chief is the Commander of a nation's Military forces or significant element of those forces Polish Land Forces (Wojska Lądowe RP is a branch of Poland 's Armed Forces.

During the Polish-Ottoman War (1672-1676), on November 11, 1673 Sobieski added yet another brilliant victory to his list, this time defeating the Turks in the battle of Chocim and capturing the mighty fortress located there. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Battle of Khotyn on 11 November 1673 was a battle where Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth forces under Hetman Jan Sobieski defeated Ottoman Empire Khotyn (Хотин see other names) is a City in Chernivtsi Oblast ( province) of western Ukraine, and is the administrative The news of the battle spread across the country simultaneously to the news of the recent death of Michał I, King of Poland, who had died only a day before the battle. Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki ( May 31, 1640 – November 10, 1673) son of Jeremi Michał Wiśniowiecki and his wife Gryzelda This made Sobieski one of the most popular personalities in the state and the following year, on May 19, he was elected the new monarch of the Commonwealth. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Free election (Polish wolna elekcja) was the Election of individual kings rather than of Dynasties, to the Polish throne between The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic The support of his candidacy was almost complete, with only a dozen or so members of the diet opposing him. Among the most notable partisans of his candidacy was his wife. Jan Sobieski was crowned Jan III February 2, 1676

King

The coronation of King Jan Sobieski (1676), relief from palace in Wilanów
The coronation of King Jan Sobieski (1676), relief from palace in Wilanów

Although Poland-Lithuania was at that time the largest and one of the most populous states of Europe, Sobieski became a king of a country devastated by almost half a century of constant war, which brought an end to Poland's economic well-being. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Wilanów Palace (Pałac w Wilanowie Pałac Wilanowski in Wilanów, Warsaw is together with its park and other buildings one of the most precious monuments of The treasury was almost empty and the court had little to offer for the powerful magnates, who often allied themselves with foreign courts rather than the state they lived in. Magnate, from the Late Latin magnas, a great man itself from Latin magnus 'great' designates a noble or other man in a high social position Sobieski decided to stabilise the situation of the country by forcing the Ottomans to accept a peace treaty to end the constant wars on the southern border. In the autumn of 1674 he recommenced the war against the Turks and managed to recapture the mighty fortresses of Kamieniec Podolski, Bar and Reszków, which re-established a strongly-fortified line defending Poland's southern border in the Ukraine. Kamianets-Podilskyi (Кам’янець-Подільський translit Bar (Бар Polish: Bar is a City located on the Rov river in the Vinnytsia Oblast ( province) of western Ukraine. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. According to Polish historian Oskar Halecki, Sobieski also planned to retake Prussia with Swedish cooperation and French support. Oskar Halecki (1891 in Vienna - 1973 White Plains New York) Polish historian social and Catholic activist Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. This undertaking was doomed because of war with Turkey and opposition from the Commonwealth's magnates. Magnate, from the Late Latin magnas, a great man itself from Latin magnus 'great' designates a noble or other man in a high social position The plan was torpedoed by Michał Pac, the hetman of Lithuania and a supporter of Brandenburg, who simply defected with his army and disbanded it. See also Lithuanian nobility Field and Great Hetmans From the end of 16th century there were two hetmans in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and two hetmans in the Crown: a Field Hetman Brandenburg ( Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of the sixteen states of Germany.

Jan III Sobieski at the Battle of Vienna. Painting by Jerzy Siemiginowski-Eleuter, ca. 1686, National Museum, Warsaw.
Jan III Sobieski at the Battle of Vienna. Painting by Jerzy Siemiginowski-Eleuter, ca. Jerzy Eleuter Szymonowicz Siemiginowski (c1660 - c1711 was a Polish painter of the Baroque, court painter of king John III Sobieski and was a Polish–Lithuanian 1686, National Museum, Warsaw. Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland.

In 1675 the Tatars started a counter-offensive and crossed the Dneper, but could not retake the strategic town of Żórawno and the peace treaty was signed soon afterwards. The Crimean Khanate or the Khanate of Crimea (Qırım Hanlığı|قريم خانلغى Крымское ханство - Krymskoye khanstvo; For the rocket see Dnepr rocket. For other uses see Dnieper (disambiguation. Although Kamieniec Podolski remained a part of Turkey, Poland levelled its significance by the construction of the Stronghold of the Holy Trinity and return of the town of Biała Cerkiev. Okopy (Окопи is a Village ( selo) in western Ukraine. It is located in the Borshchivskyi Raion ( district) of the Ternopil With signing of the treaty a period of peace started, much needed to repair the country and strengthen the royal authority. Although constantly harassed by the magnates and foreign courts of Brandenburg and Austria (Austria even tried to oust Sobieski and replace him with Charles of Lorraine), Sobieski completely reformed the Polish military. Brandenburg ( Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of the sixteen states of Germany. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Charles Léopold Nicolas Sixte ( April 3 1643 – April 18 1690) son of Nicholas II Duke of Lorraine and Claude of Lorraine The military was reorganised into regiments, the infantry finally dropped pikes replacing them with battle-axes and the Polish cavalry adopted the formations of hussars and dragoons. A pike is a Pole weapon, a very long thrusting Spear used two-handed and used extensively by Infantry both for attacks on enemy foot soldiers and as The Polish cavalry (kawaleria can trace its origins back to the days of Medieval mounted Knights. Hussar (original Hungarian spelling huszár, plural huszárok, Husaria refers to a number of types of Light cavalry created in Hungary A dragoon is a soldier intended primarily to fight on foot but trained also in Horse riding and cavalry combat especially Also, Sobieski greatly increased the number of guns and developed a new tactics of artillery.

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1686
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1686

As a diplomat, Sobieski envisioned an alliance of Poland with France and the Ottomans against the Austrian empire and Brandenburg. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Habsburg Monarchy (alternatively Habsburg Empire) refers to the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor Brandenburg ( Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of the sixteen states of Germany. However, his plans never came true and finally in 1683 had to be completely abandoned. Conscious that Poland was risking a war against most of its neighbours similar to the Deluge and was lacking allies, Sobieski allied himself with Leopold I, the Holy Roman Emperor. Early life He was a younger brother of Ferdinand IV of Hungary and Mariana of Austria. The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states The alliance, although aimed directly against Turks and indirectly against France, had the advantage of gaining support for the defence of Poland's southern borders.

In the spring of that year royal spies uncovered Turkish preparations for a military campaign, and Sobieski feared that the target might be the Polish cities of Lwów and Kraków. Lviv ( Ukrainian: Львів, L’viv, Lwów Lemberg Львов L'vov; see also other names) is a major city in western Kraków, in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow (ˈkrækaʊ M-W: krăk'ou krāk'ō is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland To prevent the risk, Sobieski started the fortification of the cities and ordered universal military conscription. Conscription (also known as the draft, the call-up or national service) is a general term for involuntary labor demanded by some established authority

Sobieski's military prowess demonstrated in war against the Ottoman Empire contributed to his election as King of Poland. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish One of his ambitions was to unify Christian Europe in a crusade to drive the Turks out of Europe. He made alliance with the Holy Roman Emperor and joined the Holy League initiated by Pope Innocent XI to preserve Christendom. The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states The Great Turkish War refers to a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and contemporary European powers then joined into a Holy League Pope Innocent XI ( May 16 1611 &ndash August 12 1689) born Benedetto Odescalchi, was Pope of the Roman Catholic

Battle of Vienna

Main article: Battle of Vienna
Sobieski sending Message of Victory to the Pope after the Battle of Vienna. Painting by Jan Matejko, 1880, National Museum, Kraków
Sobieski sending Message of Victory to the Pope after the Battle of Vienna. The Battle of Vienna ( German: Schlacht am Kahlenberg, Polish: Bitwa pod Wiedniem or Odsiecz Wiedeńska, Turkish: İkinci The Battle of Vienna ( German: Schlacht am Kahlenberg, Polish: Bitwa pod Wiedniem or Odsiecz Wiedeńska, Turkish: İkinci Painting by Jan Matejko, 1880, National Museum, Kraków

Sobieski's greatest success came on September 12, 1683 with his victory at the Battle of Vienna, in joined command of Polish, Austrian and German troops, against the invading Turks under Kara Mustafa. Jan Matejko ( (also known as Jan Mateyko; June 24 1838 Free City of Kraków; - November 1 1893 Kraków) was a Polish painter Kraków, in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow (ˈkrækaʊ M-W: krăk'ou krāk'ō is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the The Battle of Vienna ( German: Schlacht am Kahlenberg, Polish: Bitwa pod Wiedniem or Odsiecz Wiedeńska, Turkish: İkinci The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Paşa (Born 1634/1635 &ndash December 25, 1683) was an Ottoman military leader and Grand vizier who was a central character

Upon reaching Vienna, he joined up with the Austrians and Germans. Sobieski had planned to attack on the 13th of September, but with Turkish undermining efforts being close to succeeding, he ordered full attack on September 12. At 04:00 a united army of about 81,000 men attacked a Turkish army that numbered about 130,000 men which were divided between attacking the town walls and fighting off the united army. At about five o'clock in the afternoon, after observing the infantry battle from the hilltop, Sobieski led four husaria cavalry groups, one of them Austrian-German, into a charge down the hillside. The Polish Hussars (Husaria were the main part of the Polish Army (and later the Polish-Lithuanian Army) between the 16th and 18th centuries Soon, the Turkish battle line was broken and the Ottoman forces scattered in confusion. At 17:30, Sobieski entered the deserted tent of Kara Mustafa and the battle of Vienna was over.

The Pope and other foreign dignitaries hailed Sobieski as the "Savior of Vienna and Western European civilization. " In a letter to his wife he wrote, "All the common people kissed my hands, my feet, my clothes; others only touched me, saying: 'Ah, let us kiss so valiant a hand!'"

Later years

King Jan III Sobieski, nicknamed by the Turks the "Lion of Lehistan", and the last great king of Poland, died in Wilanów, Poland on June 17, 1696. Wilanów Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship Wilanów is a district of the city of Warsaw, Poland. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat His wife, Maria Kasimira, died in 1716 in Blois, France and her body was returned to Poland. Biography She came to Poland at the age of 5 years as a Lady in waiting to Ludwika Maria Gonzaga, the Queen of Poland from 1645 to 1672 wife and consort to Blois is a city and commune in France, the Préfecture (capital of the Loir-et-Cher département, situated This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. They are interred together in Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland. Wawel Cathedral &ndash the Cathedral Basilica of Sts Stanisław and Vaclav &ndash is Poland 's national sanctuary located on Wawel Hill in Kraków Kraków, in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow (ˈkrækaʊ M-W: krăk'ou krāk'ō is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland

King Jan III was succeeded by Augustus II who stayed in power primarily because of Russian support. Royal titles In Latin: Augustus Secundus Dei Gratia rex Poloniae magnus dux Lithuaniae Russie Prussiae Masoviae Samogitiae Livoniae Kijoviae Volhyniae Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending On his death in 1733, a struggle for the crown of Poland ensued, referred to as the War of the Polish Succession. The War of the Polish Succession ( 1733 - 1738) was sparked by a Polish Civil war over the succession to Augustus II, King of Poland

Battles commanded by Sobieski

  • Battle of Podhajce (1667) (1667)
  • Battle of Bracław (1671)
  • Battle of Mohylów (1671)
  • Battle of Kalnik (1671)
  • Battle of Krasnobród (1672)
  • Battle of Niemirów (1672)
  • Battle of Komarno (1672)
  • Battle of Kałusz (1672)
  • Battle of Chocim (1673)
  • Battle of Bar (1674)
Portrayal of Sobieski's royal crown, Gdańsk.
Portrayal of Sobieski's royal crown, Gdańsk. This article is about the 1939 battle For other battles see Battle of Krasnobród (1672 and Battle of Krasnobród (1863. Battle of Khotyn on 11 November 1673 was a battle where Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth forces under Hetman Jan Sobieski defeated Ottoman Empire Battle of Lwów refers to a battle between the armies of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Ottoman Empire that took The Battle of Trembowla, more popularly know as the Defense of Trembowla, was glorified and immortalized in the paintings of Franciszek Smuglewicz, Józef Peszka Battle of Żurawno took place of 25 September - 14 October 1676 during the war Polish-Ottoman War (1672–1676. The Battle of Vienna ( German: Schlacht am Kahlenberg, Polish: Bitwa pod Wiedniem or Odsiecz Wiedeńska, Turkish: İkinci Gdańsk ( Polish pronunciation; 'Danzig', Gduńsk Gedania Dantiscum is the City at the centre of the fourth-largest Metropolitan area in Poland

Marriage and family

On July 5, 1665, he married the widow of Jan "Sobiepan" Zamoyski, Marie Casimire Louise de la Grange d'Arquien (1641-1716), of Nevers, Burgundy, France. Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England. Biography She came to Poland at the age of 5 years as a Lady in waiting to Ludwika Maria Gonzaga, the Queen of Poland from 1645 to 1672 wife and consort to Nevers ( Latin: Noviodunum, later Nevirnum and Nebirnum) is a commune of central France, the Préfecture Burgundy (Bourgogne Burgund is a region historically situated in modern-day France and Switzerland, inhabited in turn by Celts ( Gauls) This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Their children were:

  1. Jakub Ludwik, (b. Biography James Sobieski was born on November 2, 1667 in Paris, France, the son of king John III of Poland and Marie Casimire 1667 - d. 1737) - Crown Prince.
  2. twin daughters (b. and d. 1669).
  3. Teresa Teofila (b, and d. 1670).
  4. Adelaide Luise (b. 1672 - d. 1677).
  5. daughter (b. and d. 1673).
  6. La Mannone (b. 1674 - d. 1675).
  7. Teresa Kunegunda, (b. Biography Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska married Maximilian II Emanuel elector of Bavaria on 2 January 1695. 1676 - d. 1730) - In 1695, the Princess married Maximilian II Emanuel, elector of Bavaria. Maximilian II ( July 11, 1662 - February 26, 1726) known as either Max Emanuel and Maximilian Emanuel, was a Wittelsbach
  8. Aleksander Benedykt, (1677-1714). Gallery Ancestors
  9. daughter (b. and d. 1678).
  10. Konstanty Władysław, (1680-1726). Gallery Ancestors
  11. Jan, (1682-1685).
  12. daughter (b. 1691 - d. 1692).
  13. daughter (b, and d. 1694).

The family Sobieski

1685
1691
1695

Ancestors

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Jan Sobieski
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Marek Sobieski
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Katarzyna Gdeszyńska
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Jakub Sobieski
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Jakub Snopkowski
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Jadwiga Snopkowska
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ? Herburtówna
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 John III Sobieski
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Stanisław Daniłowicz
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Jan Daniłowicz
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Katarzyna Tarło
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Zofia Teofila Daniłowicz
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Stanisław Żółkiewski
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Zofia Żółkiewska
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Regina Herburt
 
 
 
 
 
 

Further reading

Scutum Sobiescianum Firmamentum Sobiescianum sive Uranographia 1690
Scutum Sobiescianum Firmamentum Sobiescianum sive Uranographia 1690

Trivia

Patronage

John III Sobieski with his son James Louis, by Jerzy Siemiginowski-Eleuter. Biography James Sobieski was born on November 2, 1667 in Paris, France, the son of king John III of Poland and Marie Casimire Jerzy Eleuter Szymonowicz Siemiginowski (c1660 - c1711 was a Polish painter of the Baroque, court painter of king John III Sobieski and was a Polish–Lithuanian

The Adoration of the Magi, Rembrandt, 1632, that belonged to the King. Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (July 15 1606 &ndash October 4 1669 was a Dutch painter and etcher. [1]

St. Lawrence’s Church in Zhovkva, rebuilt by John Sobieski in 1690. Zhovkva (Жовква Żółkiew Zholkva is a City in the Lviv Oblast ( province) of western Ukraine.

Wilanów Palace Sundial, created for the King by Hevelius in about 1684. Wilanów Palace (Pałac w Wilanowie Pałac Wilanowski in Wilanów, Warsaw is together with its park and other buildings one of the most precious monuments of A sundial is a device that measures time by the position of the Sun. Johannes Hevelius ( Latin) also called Johannes Hewel Johann Hewelke Johannes Höwelcke in German, or Jan Heweliusz (in Polish)

References

  1. ^ Wojciech Fijałkowski, Wilanów, Warszawa 1983 ISBN 8321331300. The Adoration of the Magi by Rembrandt, hanged in the Dutch Room in the Wilanów Palace. Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (July 15 1606 &ndash October 4 1669 was a Dutch painter and etcher. Wilanów Palace (Pałac w Wilanowie Pałac Wilanowski in Wilanów, Warsaw is together with its park and other buildings one of the most precious monuments of

See also

John III Sobieski
Born: 17 August 1629 Died: 17 June 1696
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Stefan Czarniecki		 Field Crown Hetman of Poland
1666–1667		 Succeeded by
Dymitr Wiśniowiecki
Preceded by
Stanisław "Rewera" Potocki		 Great Crown Hetman of Poland
1667–1674		 Succeeded by
Dymitr Wiśniowiecki
Preceded by
Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski		 Great Marshal of the Crown of Poland
1667–1674		 Succeeded by
Stanislaw Herakliusz Lubomirski
Preceded by
Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki		 King of Poland
1674–1696		 Succeeded by
August II the Strong
See also Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth The Nihil novi act adopted by the Polish Diet in 1505 transferred all Legislative power Biography Stefan Czarniecki was born in 1599 in family estate of Czarnca by Włoszczowa in southern Poland in an impoverished Szlachta family Field and Great Hetmans From the end of 16th century there were two hetmans in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and two hetmans in the Crown: a Field Hetman See also Lithuanian nobility Wiśniowiecki family List of szlachta Field and Great Hetmans From the end of 16th century there were two hetmans in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and two hetmans in the Crown: a Field Hetman See also Lithuanian nobility Wiśniowiecki family List of szlachta Biography Lubomirski become famous as a commander during wars with the Ukrainian Cossacks, Sweden, Transylvania and Muscovy in the 1648–1660 Court Marshal redirects here For the military judicial process see Court Martial. Children Elżbieta married Hetman Adam Mikołaj Sieniawski. Teodor became starost Voivode and Sejm Marshal Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki ( May 31, 1640 – November 10, 1673) son of Jeremi Michał Wiśniowiecki and his wife Gryzelda Poland, or at least its nucleus was ruled at various times either by książęta (Dukes(ca Royal titles In Latin: Augustus Secundus Dei Gratia rex Poloniae magnus dux Lithuaniae Russie Prussiae Masoviae Samogitiae Livoniae Kijoviae Volhyniae
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