John Hume
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| In office 1979 – 2001 |
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| Succeeded by | Mark Durkan |
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| Constituency | Foyle |
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| Born | January 18, 1937 |
| Political party | SDLP |
| Spouse | Patricia Hume |
| Religion | Roman Catholic |
John Hume (born 18 January 1937) is a former politician in Northern Ireland, founding member of the Social Democratic and Labour Party and co-recipient of the 1998 Nobel Peace Prize, with David Trimble. The Nobel Peace Prize ( Swedish, Danish and Nobels fredspris is one of five Nobel Prizes Bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor The Social Democratic and Labour Party ( SDLP; Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre is one of the two major nationalist parties in Northern Ireland Mark Henry Durkan (born 26 June 1960 Derry, Northern Ireland) is a nationalist politician in Northern Ireland and the leader of the Social Democratic For other constituencies of the same name see Foyle. Foyle is a Parliamentary Constituency in the British House of Commons Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Social Democratic and Labour Party ( SDLP; Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre is one of the two major nationalist parties in Northern Ireland Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of The Social Democratic and Labour Party ( SDLP; Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre is one of the two major nationalist parties in Northern Ireland The Nobel Peace Prize ( Swedish, Danish and Nobels fredspris is one of five Nobel Prizes Bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor William David Trimble Baron Trimble (born 15 October 1944 is a Northern Irish Politician from Northern Ireland who served as leader of the Ulster
He was the second leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), a position he held from 1979 until 2001. The Social Democratic and Labour Party ( SDLP; Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre is one of the two major nationalist parties in Northern Ireland He has served as a Member of the European Parliament and a Member of Parliament for Foyle, as well as a member of the Northern Ireland Assembly. A Member of the European Parliament ( English abbreviation MEP) is a member of the European Union 's legislative body the European Parliament. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. For other constituencies of the same name see Foyle. Foyle is a Parliamentary Constituency in the British House of Commons The Northern Ireland Assembly ( Irish: Tionól Thuaisceart Éireann, Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann Semmlie) is the devolved
He is regarded as one of the most important figures in the modern political history of Northern Ireland and one of the architects of the Northern Ireland peace process there. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of When discussing the History of Northern Ireland, the " peace process " is generally considered to cover the events leading up to the 1994 Provisional Irish Republican He is also a recipient of the Gandhi Peace Prize and the Martin Luther King Award, the only recipient of the three major peace awards. The International Gandhi Peace Prize, named after Mahatma Gandhi, is awarded annually by the government of India. Martin Luther King Jr ( January 15, 1929 April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, Activist and prominent leader
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Beginnings
John Hume was born in Derry and was a student at St. Columb's College and at St. Patrick's College, Maynooth, the leading Roman Catholic seminary in Ireland and a recognised college of the National University of Ireland, where he intended to study for the priesthood. Nobel Prize winners The school is one of the few schools in the world that can claim two Nobel laureates amongst its Alumni: Seamus Heaney St Patrick's College Maynooth ( Irish: Coláiste Naoimh Phádraig Maigh Nuad) is the "National Seminary for Ireland" Pontifical Univerisity and was a The National University of Ireland ( NUI) (Ollscoil na hÉireann is a federal University system of constituent universities, previously called Among his teachers was the future Cardinal Ó Fiaich. Tomás Séamus Cardinal Ó Fiaich ( November 3, 1923 – May 8, 1990) was an Irish Cardinal, Roman Catholic
He did not complete his clerical studies, but did obtain a M. A degree from the college, and then returned home to his native city and became a teacher. He was a founding member of the Credit Union movement in the city. A credit union is a Cooperative Financial institution that is owned and controlled by its members and operated for the purpose of promoting thrift providing credit Hume became a leading figure in the civil rights movement in the late 1960s, having been prominent in the unsuccessful fight to have Northern Ireland's second university established in Derry in the mid-sixties. After this campaign, John Hume went on to be a prominent figure in the Derry Citizen's Action Committee. The DCAC was set up in the wake of the 5th of October march through Derry which had caused so much attention to be drawn towards the situation in Northern Ireland. The purpose of the DCAC was to make use of the publicity surrounding recent events to bring to light grievances in Derry that had been suppressed by the Unionist Government for years. The DCAC unlike Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA), however, was aimed specifically at a local campaign, improving the situation in Derry for all, and maintaining a peaceful stance. The Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association ( Cumann Chearta Sibhialta Thuaisceart Éireann) was an organisation which campaigned for Civil rights in Northern The committee even had a Stewards Association that was there to prevent any violence at marches or sit-downs. As this association was seen at times to be the only force keeping the peace, this greatly undermined the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC). The Royal Ulster Constabulary GC was the name of the Police force in Northern Ireland from 1922 to 2001
Political career
Hume became an Independent Nationalist member of the Northern Ireland Parliament in 1969 at the height of the civil rights campaign. Independent Nationalist was a political title frequently used by Irish nationalists when contesting elections to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of The Parliament of Northern Ireland was the home rule Legislature of Northern Ireland, created under the Government of Ireland Act 1920, He was elected to the Northern Ireland Assembly in 1973, and served as Minister of Commerce in the short-lived power-sharing government in 1974. The Northern Ireland Assembly was a legislative assembly set up by the Government of the United Kingdom on 3 May 1973 to restore devolved Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. He was elected to the Westminster Parliament in 1983. Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar)
In October 1971 he joined four Westminster MPs in a 48-hour hunger strike to protest at the internment without trial of hundreds of suspected Irish republicans. A hunger strike is a method of Non-violent resistance or pressure in which participants fast as an act of political Protest, or to provoke feelings of Internment is the imprisonment or confinement of people commonly in large groups without trial Irish republicanism (Poblachtánachas is an ideology based on the Irish nationalist belief that all of Ireland should be a single independent Republic
In 1977, Hume challenged a regulation under the Special Powers Act which allowed any soldier to disperse an assembly of three or more people. The Civil Authorities (Special Powers Act (Northern Ireland 1922 was an act of legislation passed by the Parliament of Northern Ireland shortly after the formation of the Northern Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland, Lord Lowry held that the regulation was Ultra Vires under Section 4 Government of Ireland Act 1920 which forbade the Parliament of Northern Ireland to make laws in respect of the army. The Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland is the head of the judiciary in Northern Ireland, presiding over the Courts of Northern Ireland. Sir Robert Lynd Erskine Lowry Baron Lowry PC (NI, often known as Robbie Lowry, ( 30 January 1919 &ndash 15 January 1999 Ultra vires is a Latin phrase that literally means "beyond the powers" An Act to Provide for the Better Government of Ireland, more usually the Government of Ireland Act 1920, (and sometimes called the Fourth Home Rule Act) was an Act The Parliament of Northern Ireland was the home rule Legislature of Northern Ireland, created under the Government of Ireland Act 1920, [1]
A founding member of the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), he succeeded Gerry Fitt as its leader in 1979. The Social Democratic and Labour Party ( SDLP; Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre is one of the two major nationalist parties in Northern Ireland Gerard "Gerry" Fitt Baron Fitt ( 9 April 1926 &ndash 26 August 2005) was a Northern Irish politician He has also served as one of Northern Ireland's three Members of the European Parliament and has served on the faculty of Boston College, from which he received an honorary degree in 1995. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of A Member of the European Parliament ( English abbreviation MEP) is a member of the European Union 's legislative body the European Parliament. For similarly-named academic institutions see Education in Boston MA.
Hume was directly involved in 'secret talks' with the British government and Sinn Féin, in effort to bring Sinn Féin to the discussion table openly. Sinn Féin () is a political party in Ireland. The current party led by Gerry Adams was formed following a split in January 1970 The talks are speculated to have led directly to the Anglo-Irish Agreement in 1985. The Anglo-Irish Agreement was an agreement between the United Kingdom and Ireland which aimed to bring an end to The Troubles in Northern Ireland
However the vast majority of unionists rejected the agreement and staged a massive and peaceful public rally in Belfast City Centre to demonstrate their distaste. Unionism in Ireland, is a belief in the desirability of a full constitutional and institutional relationship between Ireland and Great Britain based on the terms and Belfast ( is the capital city of Northern Ireland and the seat of government in Northern Ireland. Many republicans and nationalists rejected it also, as they had seen it as not going far enough. [2] Hume, however, continued dialogue with both governments and Sinn Féin. The "Hume-Adams process" eventually delivered the 1994 IRA ceasefire which ultimately provided the relatively peaceful backdrop against which the Good Friday agreement was brokered. Gerry Adams, MLA, MP (Gearóid Mac Ádhaimh born 6 October 1948 is an Irish Republican politician and abstentionist Westminster The Agreement, most often referred to as the Belfast Agreement (Comhaontú Bhéal Feirste Belfast Greeance or the Good Friday Agreement (Comhaontú Aoine an
Reputation
Hume is credited with being the thinker behind many of the recent political developments in Northern Ireland, from Sunningdale power-sharing to the Anglo-Irish Agreement and the Belfast Agreement. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of Sunningdale is a large Village and Civil parish in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead in the English county of Berkshire. The Anglo-Irish Agreement was an agreement between the United Kingdom and Ireland which aimed to bring an end to The Troubles in Northern Ireland The Agreement, most often referred to as the Belfast Agreement (Comhaontú Bhéal Feirste Belfast Greeance or the Good Friday Agreement (Comhaontú Aoine an He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998 alongside the then-leader of the Ulster Unionist Party, David Trimble. The Nobel Peace Prize ( Swedish, Danish and Nobels fredspris is one of five Nobel Prizes Bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor The Ulster Unionist Party ( UUP, sometimes referred to as the Official Unionist Party or OUP or in a historic sense simply the Unionist Party William David Trimble Baron Trimble (born 15 October 1944 is a Northern Irish Politician from Northern Ireland who served as leader of the Ulster [1]
On his retirement from the leadership of the SDLP in 2001 he was praised across the political divide, even by his longtime opponent, fellow MP and MEP, the Rev. Ian Paisley, although, ironically, Conor Cruise O'Brien, the iconoclastic Irish writer and former politician was a scathing critic of Hume, for what O'Brien perceived as Hume's anti-Protestant bias, but this is definitely a minority viewpoint. Ian Richard Kyle Paisley (born 6 April 1926 styled The Rt Hon Conor Cruise O'Brien (Conchubhar Crús Ó Briain (also colloquially known as 'The Cruiser' born 3 November 1917 is an Irish politician writer and academic John Hume holds the Tip O’Neill Chair in Peace Studies, currently funded by The Ireland Funds. The Ireland Funds is a global Fundraising organization for people of Irish ancestry and friends of Ireland dedicated to raising funds to support programs
During the period when he was conducting a dialogue with Sinn Féin, Hume was heavily criticised by the southern Irish commentator Eoghan Harris. Eoghan Harris is an Irish journalist columnist and politician Harris urged the Irish Government, then led by his friend John Bruton, to end all support for Hume's peace efforts. John Gerard Bruton (Seán de Briotún born 18 May 1947 served as the ninth Taoiseach of Ireland. [2]
Retirement
On 4 February 2004, Hume announced his complete retirement from politics, and shepherded Mark Durkan as the SDLP leader and successor. Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Mark Henry Durkan (born 26 June 1960 Derry, Northern Ireland) is a nationalist politician in Northern Ireland and the leader of the Social Democratic He did not contest the 2004 European election (which was won by Bairbre de Brún of Sinn Féin) or the 2005 general election, which Mark Durkan successfully held for the SDLP. Elections to the European Parliament were held from 10 June 2004 to 13 June 2004 in the 25 member states of the European Union, using varying election days according Bairbre de Brún (born 10 January 1954 in Dublin) is one of two Sinn Féin MEPs and the first Sinn Féin politician to represent Sinn Féin () is a political party in Ireland. The current party led by Gerry Adams was formed following a split in January 1970 Results Overview For events leading up to the date of the election see article Pre-election day events of the United Kingdom general
Hume and his wife, Pat, continue to be active in promoting European integration, issues around global poverty and the Credit Union movement. In furtherance of his goals, he continues to speak publicly, including a visit to Seton Hall University in New Jersey in 2005, the first Summer University of Democracy of the Council of Europe (Strasbourg, 10 July - 14 July 2006), and St Thomas University, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada 18 July 2007. New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. The Council of Europe (Conseil de l'Europe is the oldest International organisation working towards European integration, being founded in 1949 Strasbourg (Strasbourg stʁazbuʁ Alsatian: Strossburi,; Straßburg) is the capital and principal City of the Alsace région Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Schools with the name St Thomas University: St Thomas University (New Brunswick St Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. A recent building in NUIM[3] was named after him. The National University of Ireland Maynooth ( NUIM) was founded in 1997 by the Universities Act 1997 as a constituent university of the National
Hume also holds the position of Club President at his local football team, Derry City F.C., of whom he has been a keen supporter all his life. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Derry City Football Club ( Cumann Peile Chathair Dhoire, kʊmən̪ˠ pɛlʲə xahəɾʲ ɣɛɾʲə is an Irish football club based in Derry,
Awards
- Honorary D. Litt, St Thomas University, Fredericton, N. B. , 2007. [4]
- Honorary LL. D. , Boston College, 1995. One of the 44 honorary doctorates Hume has been awarded.
- Four Freedoms, Freedom of Speech Medal Recipient, 1996. [5]
- Nobel Prize for Peace (co-recipient), 1998.
- Martin Luther King Peace Award, 1999 [6]
- International Gandhi Peace Prize, 2001.
- Freedom of the City of Cork, 2004. Cork (Corcaigh is the second largest city in the Republic of Ireland and the island of Ireland 's third most populous city after Dublin and Belfast [3]
Further reading
- John Hume, 'Personal views, politics, peace and reconciliation in Ireland,' Town House, Dublin, 1996.
- John Hume, ‘Derry beyond the walls: social and economic aspects of the growth of Derry,' Ulster Historical foundation, Belfast, 2002.
- Barry White, 'John Hume: a statesman of the troubles,' Blackstaff, Belfast, 1984
- George Drower, 'John Hume: peacemaker,' Gollancz, 1995
- George Drower, 'John Hume: man of peace,' Vista, London, 1996
- Paul Routledge, 'John Hume: a biography,' Harper-Collins, London, 1997
- Gerard Murray, 'John Hume and the SDLP: impact and survival in Northern Ireland,' Irish Academic Press, Dublin, 1998.
Quotes
- "Over the years, the barriers of the past--the distrust and prejudices of the past--will be eroded, and a new society will evolve, a new Ireland based on agreement and respect for difference. "
- "I thought that I had a duty to help those that weren't as lucky as me. "
External links
- His Nobel Lecture [7]
- His Address to the College Historical Society of Trinity College Dublin, on Northern Ireland [8]
- Tip O’Neill Chair in Peace Studies at the University of Ulster [9]
References
- ^ Robert Lynd Erskine Lowry; ODNB
- ^ Northern Ireland: Conflict and ChangeJonathan Tonge (2002)
- ^ Details available here.
| Parliament of Northern Ireland | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Eddie McAteer |
Member of Parliament for Foyle 1969 - 1972 |
Succeeded by Position prorogued 1972 Parliament abolished 1973 |
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | ||
| Preceded by constituency created |
Member of Parliament for Foyle 1983–2005 |
Succeeded by Mark Durkan |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by New position |
Deputy Leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party 1970-1979 |
Succeeded by Seamus Mallon |
| Preceded by Gerry Fitt |
Leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party 1979-2001 |
Succeeded by Mark Durkan |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | John Hume |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Irish politician |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 18 January 1937 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Derry City, Northern Ireland |
| DATE OF DEATH | living |
| PLACE OF DEATH | |
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