John Horne Tooke (June 25, 1736 – March 18, 1812), was an English politician and philologist. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 1736 ( MDCCXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor Year 1812 ( MDCCCXII) a leap year started on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person See Comparative linguistics for the narrower field of "comparative philology"
He was born in Newport Street, Long Acre, Westminster, the third son of John Horne, a poulterer in Newport Market, whose business the boy, when at Eton College, described to his friends as a "Turkey merchant". Westminster is an area of Central London, within the City of Westminster. Eton College, or just Eton, is a world-famous British Independent school for boys founded in 1440 by King Henry VI. Before Eton, he had been at school in Soho Square, in a Kentish village, and from 1744 to 1746 at Westminster School. Soho Square is a square in Soho, London, England, with a park and garden area at its centre that dates back to 1681. KENT (1400 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Adult Standards/MOR format The Royal College of St Peter in Westminster, almost always known as Westminster School, is one of Britain 's leading boys' Independent schools with On January 12, 1754 he was admitted as sizar at St John's College, Cambridge, and took his degree of B. Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Year 1754 ( MDCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or A sizar formerly referred to students of limited means at the universities of Cambridge and Trinity College Dublin, who were charged lower fees and obtained free St John's College, an institution known formally as The Master Fellows and Scholars of the College of St John the Evangelist in the University of Cambridge is a A. in 1758, as last but one of the senior optimes, Richard Beadon, his lifelong friend, afterwards Bishop of Bath and Wells, being a wrangler in the same year. The Bishop of Bath and Wells heads the Church of England Diocese of Bath and Wells in the Province of Canterbury in England. At the University of Cambridge, a Wrangler is a student who has completed the third year (called Part II) of the Mathematical Tripos with First-class Horne had been admitted on 9 November 1756, as student at the Inner Temple, making the friendship of John Dunning and Lloyd Kenyon, but his father wished him to take orders in the Church of England, and he was ordained deacon on September 23, 1759 and priest on November 23, 1760. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Year 1756 ( MDCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple is one of the four Inns of Court around the Royal Courts of Justice in London which may call members to John Dunning 1st Baron Ashburton (1731 - 1783 was an English Lawyer and Politician. Lloyd Kenyon 1st Baron Kenyon, SL, KC ( 5 October 1732 &ndash 4 April 1802) Lord Chief Justice King's Bench The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Deacon is a role in the Christian Church that is generally associated with service of some kind but which varies among theological and denominational traditions Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 1759 ( MDCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year A priest or priestess is a person having the authority or power to administer religious rites in particular rites of sacrifice to and propitiation of a deity or deities Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of Year 1760 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap
For a few months he was usher (i. e. , an assistant teacher) at a boarding school at Blackheath, but on September 26 1760 he became perpetual curate of New Brentford, the incumbency of which his father had purchased for him, and he retained this poor living until 1773. Blackheath is an area in southeast London centred around a section of open public grassland ('the Heath' and straddling the boundary of the London Borough of Lewisham and the Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a From the Latin curatus (compare Curator) a curate is a person who is invested with the ''care'' or ''cure'' (''cura'' ''of souls'' of a Brentford is a suburb in the London Borough of Hounslow at the Confluence of the River Thames and the River Brent in West London During a part of this time (1763–1764) he was absent on a tour in France, acting as a bear-leader (i. e. , a travelling tutor) to a wealthy man. The excitement created by the actions of John Wilkes led Horne into politics, and in 1765 he brought out a scathing pamphlet on Bute and Mansfield, entitled "The Petition of an Englishman". John Wilkes ( 17 October 1725 – 26 December 1797) was an English radical, journalist and politician John Stuart 3rd Earl of Bute, KG, PC (25 May 1713 &ndash 10 March 1792 styled Lord Mount Stuart before 1723 was a Scottish nobleman William Murray 1st Earl of Mansfield PC ( 2 March 1705 &ndash 20 March 1793) was a British Judge and Politician
In the autumn of 1765 he escorted another rich young man to Italy. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest In Paris he met Wilkes, and from Montpellier, in January 1766, addressed a letter to him which began the quarrel between them. Montpellier ( Occitan Montpelhièr) is a City in the south of France. In the summer of 1767 Horne returned, and in 1768 secured the return of Wilkes to parliament for Middlesex. With inexhaustible energy he promoted the legal proceedings over the riot in St George's Fields, when a youth named Allen was killed, and exposed the irregularity in the judge's order for the execution of two Spitalfields weavers. St George's Fields was an area of Southwark in South London. Originally the area was an undifferentiated part of the south-side of the Thames which was low Spitalfields is an area in the borough of Tower Hamlets, in the East End of London, near to Liverpool Street station and Brick His dispute with George Onslow, MP for Surrey, who at first supported and then threw over Wilkes for place, culminated in a civil action, ultimately decided, after the reversal of a verdict which had been obtained through the charge of Lord Mansfield, in Horne's favour, and in the loss by his opponent of his seat in parliament. George Onslow ( 28 April 1731 – 12 November 1792) was a British politician and army officer the eldest son of Richard Onslow and An influential association, called "The Society for Supporting the Bill of Rights," was founded, mainly through the exertions of Horne, in 1769, but the members were soon divided into two opposite camps, and in 1771 Horne and Wilkes, their respective leaders, broke out into open dispute.
On July 1, 1771 Horne obtained at Cambridge, though not without some opposition from members of both the political parties, his degree of M. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1771 ( MDCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a A. Earlier in that year he claimed for the public the right of printing an account of parliamentary debates, and after a long struggle, the right was definitely established. In the same year (1771), Horne argued with Junius, and ended in disarming his masked antagonist. Junius was the pseudonym of a writer who contributed a series of letters to the Public Advertiser, from January 21 1769 to January
Horne resigned his benefice in 1773 and began the study of the law and philology. Originally a benefice was a gift of land ( Precaria) for life as a reward for services rendered Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society See Comparative linguistics for the narrower field of "comparative philology" An accident, however, occurred at this moment which largely affected his future. His friend William Tooke had purchased a considerable estate, including Purley Lodge, south of the town of Croydon in Surrey. Croydon is a large town and major commercial centre in South London, and the principal settlement of the London Borough of Croydon. The possession of this property brought about frequent disputes with an adjoining landowner, Thomas de Grey, and, after many actions in the courts, Thomas de Grey's friends endeavoured to obtain, by a bill forced through the houses of parliament, the privileges which the law had not assigned to him (February 1774). Horne, thereupon, by a bold libel on the Speaker, drew public attention to the case, and though he himself was placed for a time in the custody of the serjeant-at-arms, the clauses which were injurious to the interest of Tooke were eliminated from the bill. Tooke declared his intention of making Horne the heir to his fortune, and during his lifetime he bestowed upon him large gifts of money. No sooner had this matter been happily settled than Horne found himself involved in serious trouble. For his conduct in signing the advertisement soliciting subscriptions for the relief of the relatives of the Americans "murdered by the king's troops at Lexington and Concord," he was tried at the Guildhall on July 4, 1777, before Lord Mansfield, found guilty, and committed to the King's Bench Prison in St George's Fields, from which he only emerged after a year's durance, and after a loss in fines and costs amounting to £1200. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The King's Bench Prison was a prison in Southwark, south London from medieval times until it closed in 1880
Soon after his deliverance he applied to be called to the bar, but his application was rejected on the grounds that his orders in the Church were indelible. Horne thereupon tried his fortune, but without success, on farming some land in Huntingdonshire. Two tracts about this time exercised great influence in the country. One of them, Fads Addressed to Landholders, etc. (1780), written by Horne in conjunction with others, criticizing the measures of Lord North's ministry, passed through numerous editions; the other, A Letter on Parliamentary Reform (1782), addressed by him to Dunning, set out a scheme of reform, which he afterwards withdrew in favour of that advocated by William Pitt the Younger. Frederick North 2nd Earl of Guilford, KG, PC (13 April 1732 &ndash 5 August 1792 more often known by his courtesy title Lord North, which he used from William Pitt the Younger (28 May 1759 &ndash 23 January 1806 was a British politician of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. On his return from Huntingdonshire he became once more a frequent guest at Tooke's house at Purley, and in 1782 assumed the name of Horne Tooke. History The earliest English settlers in the district were the Gyrwas, an East Anglian tribe who early in the 6th century worked their way up the Ouse and the Cam Purley is a place in the London Borough of Croydon. It is a suburban development situated 11 In 1786 Horne Tooke conferred perpetual fame upon his benefactor's country house by adopting, as a second title of his elaborate philological treatise of "Epea Pteroenta" — the expression ἔπεα πτερόεντα, épea pteróenta (see "Winged words"), comes from Homer — the more popular though misleading title of The Diversions of Purley. Winged words are words which first uttered or written in a specific literary context have since passed into common usage to express a general idea&mdashsometimes to the extent that The treatise at once attracted attention in England and the Continent. The first part was published in 1786, the second in 1805. The best edition is that which was published in 1829, under the editorship of Richard Taylor, with the additions written in the author's interleaved copy. Richard Taylor is the name of Richard Taylor (colonel (1744&ndash1829 Father of Zachary Taylor Richard Taylor (general
Between 1782 and 1790 Tooke gave his support to Pitt, and in the election for Westminster, in 1784, threw all his energies into opposition to Fox. With Fox he was never on terms of friendship, and Samuel Rogers, in his Table Talk, asserts that their antipathy was so pronounced that at a dinner party given by a prominent Whig not the slightest notice was taken by Fox of the presence of Horne Tooke. Samuel Rogers ( 30 July 1763 - 18 December 1855) was an English Poet. It was after the election of Westminster in 1788 that Tooke depicted the rival statesmen (Lord Chatham and Lord Holland, William Pitt and Charles James Fox) in his celebrated pamphlet of Two Pair of Portraits. William Pitt 1st Earl of Chatham PC (15 November 1708 &ndash 11 May 1778 was a British Whig Statesman who achieved his greatest fame as Henry Fox 1st Baron Holland, PC ( 28 September 1705 &ndash 1 July 1774 in Holland House) was an English William Pitt the Younger (28 May 1759 &ndash 23 January 1806 was a British politician of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The Right Honourable Charles James Fox ( 24 January 1749 &ndash 13 September 1806) was a prominent British Whig
At the general election of 1790 ,Horne Tooke came forward as a candidate for that distinguished constituency, in opposition to Fox and Lord Hood, but was defeated; and, at a second attempt in 1796, he was again at the bottom of the poll. Political Situation The Prime Minister since 1783 William Pitt the Younger, led a coalition of Whig and Tory politicians For other related uses see Admiral Hood Samuel Hood 1st Viscount Hood ( 12 December 1724 &ndash 27 January In the meantime, the excesses of the French republicans had provoked reaction in England, and the Tory ministry adopted a policy of repression. He was arrested early on the morning of May 16, 1794, and conveyed to the Tower of London. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Year 1794 ( MDCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress, more commonly known as the Tower of London (and historically as The Tower) is a historic monument in central London His trial for high treason lasted for six days (17th to 22nd of November) and ended in his acquittal, the jury taking only eight minutes to settle their verdict. The 1794 Treason Trials, arranged by the administration of William Pitt, were intended to cripple the British radical movement of the 1790s.
Horne Tooke's public life after this event was only distinguished by one act of importance. Through the influence of the second Lord Camelford, the fighting peer, he was returned to parliament in 1801 for the pocket borough of Old Sarum. Thomas Pitt 2nd Baron Camelford ( February 19, 1775 - March 10, 1804) was a British peer naval officer and wastrel best known for The term "rotten" or "decayed" borough referred to a parliamentary borough or Constituency in Great Britain and Ireland Old Sarum was the most infamous of the so-called ' Rotten boroughs, a UK parliament constituency which was effectively controlled by a single person until it Lord Temple endeavoured to secure his exclusion on the ground that he had taken orders in the Church, and one of James Gillray's caricatures delineates the two politicians, Temple and Camelford, playing at battledore and shuttlecock, with Horne Tooke as the shuttlecock. Richard Grenville-Temple 2nd Earl Temple KG, PC ( September 26, 1711 &ndash September 12, 1779) was an English James Gillray, sometimes spelled Gilray (born August 13, 1757 in Chelsea; died June 1, 1815) was a British The ministry of Addington would not support this suggestion, but a bill was at once introduced by them and carried into law, which rendered all persons in holy orders ineligible to sit in the House of Commons, and Horne Tooke sat for only that parliament. The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords
The last years of Tooke's life were spent in retirement, in a house on the west side of Wimbledon Common. Wimbledon and Putney Commons are a large open space in south-west London, totalling 1140 acres (4 The traditions of Tooke's Sunday parties have lasted unimpaired to this day, and the most pleasant pages penned by Tooke's biographer describe the politicians and the men of letters who gathered around Tooke's hospitable board. Tooke's conversational powers rivalled those of Samuel Johnson; and, if more of Tooke's sayings have not been chronicled for the benefit of posterity, the defect is due to the absence of a James Boswell. Samuel Johnson (often referred to as Dr Johnson) (18 September James Boswell 9th Laird of Auchinleck ( October 29, 1740 - May 19, 1795) was a lawyer diarist and Author born in Edinburgh Through the liberality of Tooke's friends, Tooke's last days were freed from the pressure of poverty, and Tooke was enabled to place his illegitimate son in a position which soon brought him wealth, and to leave a competency to his two illegitimate daughters. Illness seized Tooke early in 1810, and for the next two years his sufferings were acute. He died in his house at Wimbledon, London, and was buried with his mother at Baling, the tomb which he had prepared in the garden attached to his house at Wimbledon was found unsuitable for the interment. Wimbledon is a Suburb of London, part of the London Borough of Merton and located south west of Charing Cross. An altar-tomb still stands to his memory in Ealing churchyard. A catalogue of his library was printed in 1813.
The Life Of Horne Tooke, by Alexander Stephens, is written in an unattractive style and was the work of an admirer only admitted to his acquaintance at the close of his days. The notice in the Quarterly Review, June 1812, of W Hamilton Reid's compilation, is by JW Ward, Lord Dudley. The main facts of his life are set out by Mr JE Thorold Rogers, in his Historical Gleanings, 2nd series. Many of Horne Tooke's wittiest sayings are preserved in The Table Talk Of Samuel Rogers And S. T. Coleridge.
References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by George Hardinge Sir George Yonge, Bt |
Member of Parliament for Old Sarum with George Hardinge 1801–1802 |
Succeeded by Nicholas Vansittart Henry Alexander |
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