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For other persons named John Roberts, see John Roberts (disambiguation). John Roberts may be Government officials John G Roberts (born 1955 seventeenth Chief Justice of the United States
John Glover Roberts, Jr.
John G. Roberts
Incumbent
Assumed office 
September 29, 2005
Nominated by George W. Bush
Preceded by William Rehnquist
Born January 27, 1955 (1955-01-27) (age 53)
Buffalo, New York
Spouse Jane Sullivan Roberts
Alma mater Harvard University
Religion Roman Catholic

John Glover Roberts, Jr. The Chief Justice of the United States is the head of the judicial branch of the government of the United States, and presides over the U Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. William Hubbs Rehnquist (October 1 1924 – September 3 2005 was an American lawyer, jurist, and a political figure who served as an Associate Justice Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) Buffalo (ˈbʌfəloʊ is the second largest city in New York State. Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval (born January 27, 1955) is the seventeenth and current Chief Justice of the United States. Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) The Chief Justice of the United States is the head of the judicial branch of the government of the United States, and presides over the U Appointed by Republican President George W. Bush, Roberts is generally considered a member of the more conservative wing of the court. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. Conservatism in the United States includes a variety of political ideologies including Fiscal conservatism, Supply-side economics, Social conservatism

Before joining the Supreme Court on September 29, 2005, Roberts was a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit for three years. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, known informally as the D

Previously, he spent 14 years in private law practice and held positions in Republican administrations in the U.S. Department of Justice and Office of the White House Counsel. The law of the United States was originally largely derived from the Common law system of English law, which was in force at the time of the Revolutionary For animal rights group see Justice Department (JD The United States Department of Justice ( DOJ) is a Cabinet department The White House Counsel is a staff appointee of the President of the United States.

Contents

Early years

Roberts was born in Buffalo, New York, on January 27, 1955, the son of John Glover ("Jack") Roberts, Sr. Buffalo (ˈbʌfəloʊ is the second largest city in New York State. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) and Rosemary, née Podrasky. All of his maternal great-grandparents were from Czechoslovakia. Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. [1] His father was an executive with Bethlehem Steel. The Bethlehem Steel Corporation (1857–2003 based in Bethlehem Pennsylvania, was once the second-largest Steel producer in the United States, after When Roberts was in second grade, his family moved to the beachside town of Long Beach, Indiana. Long Beach is a town in Michigan Township, LaPorte County, Indiana, United States. He grew up with three sisters: Kathy, Peggy, and Barbara.

Roberts attended Notre Dame Elementary School, a Catholic grade school in Long Beach, and then La Lumiere School, a Catholic boarding school in LaPorte, Indiana and was an excellent student and athlete. This article is about Catholic schools in general for specific schools named Catholic High School, see Catholic High School (disambiguation. La Lumiere School, in La Porte, Indiana, United States, is a private College preparatory boarding and Day school founded in A boarding school is a School where some or all pupils not only study but also live during term time with their fellow students and possibly teachers La Porte ( French for "The Door" is a city in La Porte County, Indiana, United States, of which it is the County seat. [2] He studied six years of Latin and some French, and was known for his devotion to his studies. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people

He was also captain of his football team (he later described himself as a "slow-footed linebacker"), and also was a Regional Champion in wrestling. American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with In American football, each team has 11 players on the field at one time He also participated in choir and drama, co-edited the school newspaper, and served on the athletic council and the Executive Committee of the Student Council.

Personal finances

According to a 16-page financial disclosure form Roberts submitted to the Senate Judiciary Committee prior to his Supreme Court confirmation hearings, his net worth was more than $6 million, including $1. The United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary (informally Senate Judiciary Committee) is a Standing committee of the United States Senate, the 6 million in stock holdings. At the time Roberts left private practice to join the D. C. Circuit Court of Appeals in 2003, he took a pay cut from $1 million a year to $171,800; as Chief Justice his salary is $212,100. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Roberts also holds a one-eighth interest in a cottage in Knocklong, an Irish village in County Limerick, where his wife's family roots lie. County Limerick ( Contae Luimnigh in Irish) is a County in the Province of Munster, located in the mid-west of Ireland with County

Health problems

Chief Justice Roberts suffered a seizure on July 30, 2007, while at his vacation home on Hupper Island off the village of Port Clyde in St. George, Maine. An epileptic seizure is caused by excessive and/or hypersynchronous electrical Neuronal activity and is usually self-limiting Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Port Clyde is the southernmost settlement on the St George peninsula in central/coastal Maine and part of the town of St St George is a town in Knox County, Maine, United States. As of the 2000 census, the town population was 2580 [3][4] As a result of the seizure he fell five to ten feet but suffered only minor scrapes. [3] The fall occurred on a dock near his house, and he was taken by private boat to the mainland[4] (which is a couple hundred yards from the island) and was then taken by ambulance to Penobscot Bay Medical Center in Rockport, where he stayed overnight, according to Supreme Court spokesperson Kathy Arberg. Rockport is a town in Knox County Maine, United States. The population was 3209 at the 2000 census [5] Doctors called the incident a benign idiopathic seizure, which means there was no obvious physiological cause. Idiopathic is an Adjective used primarily in Medicine meaning arising spontaneously or from an obscure or unknown cause. [3][4][6][7]

Roberts suffered a similar seizure in 1993. [3][4][6] As a result of that first seizure, Roberts temporarily limited some of his activities, such as driving. According to Senator Arlen Specter, who chaired the Senate Judiciary Committee during Roberts' nomination to be Chief Justice in 2005, senators were aware of this earlier seizure when they were considering his nomination, but the committee did not think it was significant enough to bring up during his confirmation hearings. Arlen Specter (born February 12 1930) is the senior United States Senator from Pennsylvania and a member of the Republican Party Federal judges are not required by law to release information about their health. [3]

According to neurologist Dr. Marc Schlosberg of Washington Hospital Center, who has no direct connection to the Roberts case, someone who has had more than one seizure without any other cause is by definition determined to have epilepsy. Washington Hospital Center is the largest Private hospital in Washington D Epilepsy is a common chronic Neurological disorder that is characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. After two seizures, the likelihood of another at some point is greater than 60 percent. [4] Dr. Steven Garner of New York Methodist Hospital, who is also uninvolved with the case, said that Roberts' previous history of seizures means that the second incident may be less serious than if this were a newly-emerging problem. [6]

The Supreme Court said in a statement Roberts has "fully recovered from the incident," and a neurological evaluation "revealed no cause for concern. " Sanjay Gupta, a CNN contributor and a neurosurgeon not directly involved in Roberts' case, said when an otherwise healthy person has a seizure, his doctor would investigate whether the patient had started any new medications and had normal electrolyte levels. Sanjay Gupta ( Hindi: संजय गुप्ता born 23 October Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner If those two things were normal, then a brain scan would be performed. If Roberts does not have another seizure within a relatively short time period, Gupta said he was unsure if Roberts would be given the diagnosis of epilepsy. He said the Chief Justice may need to take an anti-seizure medication. [7]

Private practice

After graduating from law school, Roberts served as a law clerk for Judge Henry Friendly on the Second Circuit Court of Appeals for one year. A law clerk or a judicial clerk is a person who provides assistance to a Judge in researching issues before the Court and in writing opinions Henry Jacob Friendly ( July 3 1903 in Elmira New York – March 11 1986, New York City) was a prominent Judge The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit is one of the thirteen United States Courts of Appeals. From 1980 to 1981, he clerked for then-Associate Justice William Rehnquist on the United States Supreme Court. Law clerks have assisted Supreme Court Justices in various capacities since the first one was hired by Justice Horace Gray in the 1880s William Hubbs Rehnquist (October 1 1924 – September 3 2005 was an American lawyer, jurist, and a political figure who served as an Associate Justice From 1981 to 1982, he served in the Reagan administration as a Special Assistant to U.S. Attorney General William French Smith. The United States Attorney General is the head of the United States Department of Justice (see) concerned with legal affairs and is the chief law enforcement William French Smith ( August 26 1917 &ndash October 29 1990) was an American lawyer and the 74th Attorney General of the From 1982 to 1986, Roberts served as Associate Counsel to the President under White House Counsel Fred Fielding. Fred Fisher Fielding (born March 21, 1939) is an American lawyer and a member of the George W

Roberts entered private law practice in 1986 as an associate at the Washington, D.C.-based law firm of Hogan & Hartson, but left to serve in the first Bush administration as Principal Deputy Solicitor General from 1989 to 1993. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D A law firm is a business entity formed by one or more Lawyers to engage in the practice of law Founded in 1904 Hogan & Hartson is the oldest major law firm headquartered in Washington D George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 The United States Solicitor General is the individual appointed to argue for the Government of the United States in front of the Supreme Court of the United States During this time, Roberts argued 39 cases for the government before the Supreme Court, prevailing in 25 of them. He represented 18 states in United States v. Microsoft. United States v Microsoft There were many civil actions taking place in May 18 1998

In 1992, George H. W. Bush nominated Roberts to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, but no Senate vote was held, and Roberts' nomination expired when Bush left office after losing the 1992 presidential election. George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 The United States courts of appeals (or circuit courts) are the intermediate appellate courts The United States presidential elections of 1992 featured a battle between incumbent President, Republican George H Roberts returned to Hogan & Hartson as a partner, and became the head of the firm's appellate practice, in addition to serving as an adjunct faculty member at the Georgetown University Law Center. Georgetown University Law Center ( Georgetown Law) is Georgetown University 's Law school, located in Washington D In his capacity as head of Hogan & Hartson's appellate practice, Roberts argued a total of thirty-nine cases before the Supreme Court, including:

Case Argued Decided Represented
First Options v. Kaplan, 514 U.S. 938 March 22, 1995 May 22, 1995 Respondent
Adams v. Robertson, 520 U.S. 83 January 14, 1997 March 3, 1997 Respondent
Alaska v. Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government, 522 U.S. 520 December 10, 1997 February 25, 1998 Petitioner
Feltner v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc., 523 U.S. 340 January 21, 1998 March 31, 1998 Petitioner
National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Smith, 525 U.S. 459 January 20, 1999 February 23, 1999 Petitioner
Rice v. Cayetano, 528 U.S. 495 October 6, 1999 February 23, 2000 Respondent
Eastern Associated Coal Corp. v. Mine Workers, 531 U.S. 57 October 2, 2000 November 28, 2000 Petitioner
TrafFix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc., 532 U.S. 23 November 29, 2000 March 20, 2001 Petitioner
Toyota Motor Manufacturing v. Williams, 534 U.S. 184 November 7, 2001 January 8, 2002 Petitioner
Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council, Inc. v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, 535 U.S. 302 January 7, 2002 April 23, 2002 Respondent
Rush Prudential HMO, Inc. v. Moran, 536 U.S. 355 January 16, 2002 June 20, 2002 Petitioner
Gonzaga University v. Doe, 536 U.S. 273 April 24, 2002 June 20, 2002 Petitioner
Barnhart v. Peabody Coal Co., 537 U.S. 149 October 8, 2002 January 15, 2003 Respondent
Smith v. Doe, 538 U.S. 84 November 13, 2002 March 5, 2003 Petitioner

Jurisprudence

During Judiciary Committee hearings on his nomination to the circuit court, Roberts testified about his views on jurisprudence. 514 US 938 ( 1995) was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States. Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Adams v Robertson, 520 US 83 ( 1997) was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States. Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Alaska v Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government, 522 US 520 ( 1998) was a case heard by the Supreme Court of the United States. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Feltner v Columbia Pictures Television Inc, 523 US 340 ( 1998) was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled deciding Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) National Collegiate Athletic Association v Smith, 525 US 459 ( 1999) was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Rice v Cayetano, 528 US 495 (2000 was a case filed in 1996 by Big Island rancher Harold "Freddy" Rice against the state of Hawaii Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Eastern Associated Coal Corp v Mine Workers, 531 US 57 ( 2000) was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that public Events 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. TrafFix Devices Inc v Marketing Displays Inc, 532 US 23 ( 2001) was a United States Supreme Court decision in the area of Trademark Events 1777 - San Jose California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky Inc v Williams, 534 US 184 ( 2002) was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States interpreted Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council Inc v Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, 535 U Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Rush Prudential HMO Inc v Moran, 536 US 355 ( 2002) was a case in which the Supreme Court ruled Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Gonzaga University v Doe, 536 US 273 ( 2002) was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the Family Educational Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Barnhart v Peabody Coal Co, 537 US 149 ( 2003) was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Smith v Doe,, was a court case in the United States which questioned the constitutionality of the Alaska Sex Offender Registration Act's Retroactive Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. [8]

Commerce Clause

"Starting with McCulloch v. Maryland, Chief Justice John Marshall gave a very broad and expansive reading to the powers of the Federal Government and explained generally that if the ends be legitimate, then any means chosen to achieve them are within the power of the Federal Government, and cases interpreting that, throughout the years, have come down. McCulloch v Maryland,, was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. John Marshall (September 24 1755 – July 6 1835 was an American statesman and jurist who shaped American constitutional law and made the Supreme Court a center of power Certainly, by the time Lopez was decided, many of us had learned in law school that it was just sort of a formality to say that interstate commerce was affected and that cases weren't going to be thrown out that way. United States v Lopez, was the first United States Supreme Court case since the Great Depression to set limits to Congress's power under the A law school (also known as a school of law or college of law) is an institution specializing in Legal education. Article 1 Section 8 Clause 3 of the United States Constitution, known as the Commerce Clause, states that Congress has the power to regulate commerce with foreign Lopez certainly breathed new life into the Commerce Clause. Article 1 Section 8 Clause 3 of the United States Constitution, known as the Commerce Clause, states that Congress has the power to regulate commerce with foreign
"I think it remains to be seen, in subsequent decisions, how rigorous a showing, and in many cases, it is just a showing. It's not a question of an abstract fact, does this affect interstate commerce or not, but has this body, the Congress, demonstrated the impact on interstate commerce that drove them to legislate? That's a very important factor. It wasn't present in Lopez at all. I think the members of Congress had heard the same thing I had heard in law school, that this is unimportant — and they hadn't gone through the process of establishing a record in that case. "[8]

Federalism

"Simply because you have a problem that needs addressing, it's not necessarily the case that Federal legislation is the best way to address it. . . . The constitutional limitation doesn't turn on whether it's a good idea. There is not a 'good idea' clause in the Constitution. It can be a bad idea, but certainly still satisfy the constitutional requirements. "[8]

Applying precedent

"The Supreme Court has, throughout its history, on many occasions described the deference that is due to legislative judgments. Justice Holmes described assessing the constitutionality of an act of Congress as the gravest duty that the Supreme Court is called upon to perform. Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr ( March 8, 1841 &ndash March 6, 1935) was an American Jurist who served on the Supreme . . . It's a principle that is easily stated and needs to be observed in practice, as well as in theory.
"Now, the Court, of course, has the obligation, and has been recognized since Marbury v. Madison, to assess the constitutionality of acts of Congress, and when those acts are challenged, it is the obligation of the Court to say what the law is. Marbury v Madison, is a Landmark case in United States law. It formed the basis for the exercise of Judicial review in the United States under The determination of when deference to legislative policy judgments goes too far and becomes abdication of the judicial responsibility, and when scrutiny of those judgments goes too far on the part of the judges and becomes what I think is properly called judicial activism, that is certainly the central dilemma of having an unelected, as you describe it correctly, undemocratic judiciary in a democratic republic. Judicial activism is a pejorative term for the misuse of judicial power and is a neologism for the older classical term " board judicial review. "[8]

In referring to Brown v. Board that overturned school segregation: "the Court in that case, of course, overruled a prior decision. Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, 347 US 483 (1954 was a Landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court, which overturned earlier I don't think that constitutes judicial activism because obviously if the decision is wrong, it should be overruled. That's not activism. That's applying the law correctly. "

Roe v. Wade

In his Senate testimony, Roberts acknowledged that, while sitting on the Appellate Court, he would have an obligation to respect precedents established by the Supreme Court, including the controversial decision invalidating many restrictions on the right to an abortion. Circuit court is the name of court systems in several Common law jurisdictions An He stated: "Roe v. Wade is the settled law of the land. Roe v Wade, 410 US 113 (1973 is a controversial United States Supreme Court case that resulted in a Landmark decision regarding . . . There is nothing in my personal views that would prevent me from fully and faithfully applying that precedent, as well as Casey. Planned Parenthood v Casey, 505 US 833 ( 1992) was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Constitutionality " Following the traditional reticence of nominees to indicate which way they might vote on an issue likely to come before the high court, he did not explicitly say whether he would vote to overturn either. [9]

See John Roberts Supreme Court nomination and hearings for speculation about Roberts's current views, concerns about these views raised in the hearings, and the potential impact they might have on his actions in the Supreme Court.

Free speech

Roberts authored the 2007 student free speech case Morse v. Frederick, ruling that a student in a public school-sponsored activity does not have the right to advocate drug use on the basis that the right to free speech does not invariably prevent the exercise of school discipline. Morse v Frederick, 127 S Ct 2618 ( 2007) was a First Amendment student free speech case in which the Supreme Court of the Drugs can be used in many different ways as detailed below Medication See also Medication People can use drugs to relieve pain or discomfort or to cure [8]

Opinions as court of appeals judge

During his two year tenure on the D.C. Circuit, Roberts authored 49 opinions (which elicited only two dissents from other judges). The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, known informally as the D During that same time frame, he authored only three dissenting opinions of his own. Because of this short record, it is difficult to ascertain from his appellate decisions a general approach to the Constitution, and he has not publicly stated on what he considers the best methods of constitutional and statutory interpretation. He has even said that "I do not think beginning with an all-encompassing approach to constitutional interpretation is the best way to faithfully construe the document. "[10] Cass Sunstein, a law professor at the University of Chicago argued at the time of his confirmation as Chief Justice that, in general, Roberts appears to be a judicial minimalist, emphasizing precedent, as opposed to an originalism-oriented or rights-focused jurist. Cass R Sunstein (born 1954 is an American preeminent legal scholar particularly in the fields of constitutional law administrative law environmental law and The University of Chicago is a Private university located principally in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago. "Roberts's opinions thus far [as a court of appeals judge] are careful, lawyerly and narrow. They avoid broad pronouncements. They do not try to reorient the law. "[11]

His past rulings as a court of appeals judge included the following issues:

Fourth and Fifth Amendments

The D. C. Circuit case Hedgepeth v. Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, 386 F.3d 1148, involved a twelve-year-old girl who was, according to the Washington Post, asked if she had any drugs in her possession, searched for drugs, taken into custody, handcuffed, driven to police headquarters, booked and fingerprinted because she violated a publicly-advertised zero tolerance "no eating" policy in a Washington D.C. metro station by eating a single french fry. Zero tolerance is the concept of compelling persons in positions of authority who might otherwise exercise their discretion in making subjective judgments regarding the severity of a given French fries ( North American English; sometimes not capitalized chips ( British English) fries or French-fried potatoes (formal Roberts wrote for a 3-0 panel affirming a district court decision that dismissed the girl's complaint, which was predicated on the Fourth and Fifth Amendments, specifically the claim that an adult would have only received a citation for the same offense, while children must be detained until parents are notified. The Fourth Amendment' ( Amendment IV) to the United States Constitution is a part of the Bill of Rights. The Fifth Amendment ( Amendment V) of the United States Constitution, which is part of the Bill of Rights, is related to legal procedure

Roberts began his opinion by noting, "No one is very happy about the events that led to this litigation," and pointing out that the policies under which the girl was apprehended had since been changed. Because age discrimination is allowed under previous jurisprudence if there is any rational basis for it, only weak state interests were required to justify the policy. Rational basis review, in US constitutional law, is the lowest level of scrutiny applied by courts deciding constitutional issues through Judicial review. "Because parents and guardians play an essential role in that rehabilitative process, it is reasonable for the District to seek to ensure their participation, and the method chosen — detention until the parent is notified and retrieves the child — certainly does that, in a way issuing a citation might not. " Roberts concluded that the age discrimination and detention in this case were constitutional, noting that "the question before us. Ageism is Stereotyping and Prejudice against individuals or groups because of their age . . is not whether these policies were a bad idea, but whether they violated the Fourth and Fifth Amendments to the Constitution. ", language reminiscent of Justice Potter Stewart's dissent in Griswold v. Connecticut, in which Justice Stewart wrote, "We are not asked in this case to say whether we think this law is unwise, or even asinine. Potter Stewart ( January 23 1915 &ndash December 7 1985) was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. Griswold v Connecticut, 381 US 479 ( 1965) was a Landmark case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the We are asked to hold that it violates the United States Constitution. And that, I cannot do. "

Military tribunals

In Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, Roberts was part of a unanimous Circuit panel overturning the district court ruling and upholding military tribunals set up by the Bush administration for trying terrorism suspects known as enemy combatants. Hamdan v Rumsfeld, 548 US 557 (2006 is a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that military commissions set up by the A military tribunal is a kind of Military Court designed to try members of enemy forces during Wartime operating outside the scope of conventional Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion The term enemy combatant has historically referred to members of the armed forces of the state with which another state is at war Circuit Judge A. Raymond Randolph, writing for the court, ruled that Hamdan, a driver for al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden,[12] could be tried by a military court because:

  1. the military commission had the approval of the United States Congress;
  2. the Third Geneva Convention is a treaty between nations and as such it does not confer individual rights and remedies enforceable in U. Al-Qaeda, alternatively spelled al-Qaida, al-Qa`ida or al-Qa`idah, ( Arabic:; ar-Latn ''al-qāʿidah'' Translation: The Osama bin Laden, with some spelling variations is the name used in English to refer to (أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن born 10 March The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses The Third Geneva Convention (or GCIII) of 1949 one of the Geneva Conventions, is a treaty agreement that primarily concerns the treatment of Prisoners of A Treaty is an agreement under International law entered into by actors in international law namely States and International organizations. Individual rights refer to the Rights of Individuals in contrast with Group rights. S. courts;
  3. even if the Convention could be enforced in U. S. courts, it would not be of assistance to Hamdan at the time because, for a conflict such as the war against Al-Qaeda (considered by the court as a separate war from that against Afghanistan itself) that is not between two countries, it guarantees only a certain standard of judicial procedure without speaking to the jurisdiction in which the prisoner must be tried. The War on Terrorism (also known as the War on Terror) is the common term for the military political and legal, and ideological conflict and specifically for U Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت,

The court held open the possibility of judicial review of the results of the military commission after the current proceedings have ended. [13] This decision was overturned on June 29, 2006 by the Supreme Court in a 5-3 decision, with Roberts not participating due to his prior ruling as a circuit judge. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

Environmental regulation

On the U. S. Court of Appeals, Roberts wrote a dissenting opinion regarding Rancho Viejo, LLC v. Norton, 323 F.3d 1062, a case involving the protection of a rare California toad under the Endangered Species Act. The Endangered Species Act of 1973 ( et seq or ESA is the most wide-ranging of the dozens of United States environmental laws passed in the 1970s When the court denied a rehearing en banc, 334 F.3d 1158 (D. En banc, in banc, in banco or in bank is a French term used to refer to the hearing of a legal case where all C. Cir. 2003), Roberts dissented, arguing that the original opinion was wrongly decided because he found it inconsistent with United States v. Lopez and United States v. Morrison in that it focused on the effects of the regulation, rather than the taking of the toads themselves, on interstate commerce. United States v Lopez, was the first United States Supreme Court case since the Great Depression to set limits to Congress's power under the United States v Morrison, is a United States Supreme Court decision that examined the limits of Congress's power to make laws under the Commerce Clause Article 1 Section 8 Clause 3 of the United States Constitution, known as the Commerce Clause, states that Congress has the power to regulate commerce with foreign In Roberts's view, the Commerce Clause of the Constitution did not permit the government to regulate activity affecting what he called "a hapless toad" that "for reasons of its own, lives its entire life in California. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. " He said that reviewing the case could allow the court "alternative grounds for sustaining application of the Act that may be more consistent with Supreme Court precedent. "[14]

U. S. Supreme Court

Nomination and confirmation

Main article: John Roberts Supreme Court nomination and hearings

On July 19, 2005, President Bush nominated Roberts to the U.S. Supreme Court to fill a vacancy that would be left by the announced retirement of Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Speculation abounded over potential nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States by George W The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States are the members of the Supreme Court of the United States other than the Chief Justice of the United States Sandra Day O'Connor (born March 26, 1930) is an American Jurist. Roberts was the first Supreme Court nominee since Stephen Breyer in 1994. Stephen Gerald Breyer (born August 15 1938 is an American Attorney and Jurist. Bush announced Roberts' nomination in a live, nationwide television broadcast from the East Room of the White House at 9 pm Eastern Daylight Time. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic | |-| |-| |-| |-|-| |} The East Room is the largest room in the White House, the home of the President of the United States. See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence

John Roberts appears in the background, while President Bush is announcing his nomination for the position of Chief Justice.
John Roberts appears in the background, while President Bush is announcing his nomination for the position of Chief Justice.

Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist passed away on September 3, 2005 while Roberts' confirmation was still pending before the Senate. William Hubbs Rehnquist (October 1 1924 – September 3 2005 was an American lawyer, jurist, and a political figure who served as an Associate Justice Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Shortly thereafter, on September 6, Bush withdrew Roberts's nomination as O'Connor's successor and announced Roberts' new nomination to the position of Chief Justice. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Bush asked the Senate to expedite Roberts' confirmation hearings in order to fill the vacancy by the beginning of the Supreme Court's session in early October.

On September 22 the Senate Judiciary Committee approved Roberts' nomination by a vote of 13-5, with Senators Ted Kennedy, Richard Durbin, Charles Schumer, Joe Biden and Dianne Feinstein the dissenting votes. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians The United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary (informally Senate Judiciary Committee) is a Standing committee of the United States Senate, the Edward Moore "Ted" Kennedy (born February 22 1932 is the senior United States Senator from Massachusetts and a member of the Democratic Charles Ellis "Chuck" Schumer (born November 23, 1950) is the senior U Dianne Goldman Berman Feinstein (ˈfаɪnˌstаɪn (born June 22, 1933) is the senior U Roberts was confirmed by the full Senate on September 29, passing by a margin of 78-22. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. All Republicans and the lone Independent voted for Roberts; the Democrats split evenly, 22 for and 22 against. Roberts was confirmed by what was, historically, a narrow margin for a Supreme Court Justice. This reflects the increasing politicization and partisanship of Supreme Court nominees, though this margin was greater than the 1986 65-33 vote confirming Roberts' predecessor, William Rehnquist, as Chief Justice, and far greater than the 52-48 vote confirming Clarence Thomas as Associate Justice in 1991. Clarence Thomas (born June 23, 1948) is an American Jurist. He has been serving as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United [15].

The Roberts Court

Roberts is sworn in as Chief Justice by Justice John Paul Stevens in the East Room of the White House, September 29, 2005.
Roberts is sworn in as Chief Justice by Justice John Paul Stevens in the East Room of the White House, September 29, 2005. John Paul Stevens (born April 20, 1920) is currently the most senior Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

On September 29, just hours after his Senate confirmation, Roberts took the Constitutional oath of office, which was administered by senior Associate Justice John Paul Stevens at the White House. The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme Law of the United States. An oath of office is an Oath or Affirmation a person takes before undertaking the duties of an Office, usually a position in government or within a religious John Paul Stevens (born April 20, 1920) is currently the most senior Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence He took the judicial oath provided for by the Judiciary Act of 1789 on September 29, 2005 at the United States Supreme Court building, prior to the first oral arguments of the 2005 term. The United States Judiciary Act of 1789 (1 Stat 73 was a landmark Statute adopted on September 24, 1789 in the first session of Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Supreme Court building is the seat of the Supreme Court of the United States. Then 50, Roberts became the youngest member of the Court, and the third-youngest person to have ever become Chief Justice (John Jay was appointed at age 44 in 1789 while John Marshall was appointed at age 45 in 1801). John Jay (December 12 1745 – May 17 1829 was an American Politician, Statesman, revolutionary, Diplomat, a Supreme Court John Marshall (September 24 1755 – July 6 1835 was an American statesman and jurist who shaped American constitutional law and made the Supreme Court a center of power However, many Associate Justices, such as Clarence Thomas (appointed at age 43) and William O. Douglas (appointed at age 41 in 1939), have joined the Court at a younger age than Roberts. Clarence Thomas (born June 23, 1948) is an American Jurist. He has been serving as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United William Orville Douglas ( October 16, 1898 – January 19, 1980) was a United States Supreme Court Associate Justice.

Roberts presided over his first oral arguments on October 3, 2005, when the Court began its 2005–2006 session. Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Ending a week's worth of idle speculation, Roberts opted to wear a plain black robe on his first day, dispensing with the gold sleeve-bars added to the Chief Justice's robes by his late predecessor.

The Roberts Court decided the first case heard before it, IBP, Inc. v. Alvarez, on November 8, 2005. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Justice Stevens wrote the opinion for an undivided court, upholding the informal tradition that a new "Chief's" first case be decided unanimously.

On January 17, 2006, Roberts dissented along with Antonin Scalia and Clarence Thomas in Gonzales v. Oregon, which held that the Controlled Substances Act does not allow the United States Attorney General to prohibit physicians from prescribing drugs for the assisted suicide of the terminally ill as permitted by an Oregon law. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. (born March 11, 1936) is an American Jurist and the second most senior Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States Clarence Thomas (born June 23, 1948) is an American Jurist. He has been serving as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Gonzales v Oregon, 546 US 243 ( 2006) was a United States Supreme Court case which ruled that the United States Attorney General The United States Attorney General is the head of the United States Department of Justice (see) concerned with legal affairs and is the chief law enforcement However, the point of contention in this case was largely one of statutory interpretation, not federalism.

On March 6, 2006, Roberts wrote the unanimous decision in Rumsfeld v. Forum for Academic and Institutional Rights that colleges that accept federal money must allow military recruiters on campus, despite university objections to the Clinton administration-initiated "Don't ask, don't tell" policy on gays in the military. Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Rumsfeld v Forum for Academic and Institutional Rights Inc, 547 U William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States "Don't ask don't tell" is the common term for the policy about homosexuality in the U

Roberts wrote his first dissent in the case Georgia v. Randolph, decided March 22, 2006. Georgia v Randolph, 547 US 103 ( 2006) is a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that police without a Search warrant Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The majority's decision prohibited police from searching a home if, as in this case, both occupants are present but one occupant objected while another consented. Roberts' dissent criticized the majority opinion as inconsistent with prior case law and for basing its reasoning in part on its perception of social custom. Case law' (also known as decisional law or judicial precedent) is that body of reported Judicial opinions in countries that have Common law

On the Supreme Court, Roberts has indicated he supports some abortion restrictions but has not committed to overturn Roe vs Wade. On April 18, 2007, the Supreme Court handed down a decision upholding the constitutionality of the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act in the case of Gonzales v. Carhart. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act (Public Law 108-105 HR 760 S 3 18 U Gonzales v Carhart, 550 US ___ ( 2007) is a United States Supreme Court case which upheld the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of Roberts voted to uphold the Partial Birth Abortion Act along with four other justices. He assigned writing of the opinion to Justice Anthony Kennedy. Kennedy wrote for the five-justice majority that Congress was within its power to generally ban the procedure, although the Court left the door open for as-applied challenges.

Kennedy's opinion did not reach the question whether the Court's prior decisions in Roe v. Wade, Planned Parenthood v. Casey, and Stenberg v. Carhart were valid, but stated that this opinion did not conflict with those opinions. Roe v Wade, 410 US 113 (1973 is a controversial United States Supreme Court case that resulted in a Landmark decision regarding Planned Parenthood v Casey, 505 US 833 ( 1992) was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Constitutionality Stenberg Attorney General of Nebraska et al v Carhart, 530 US Joining the majority was Justice Samuel Alito. Samuel Anthony Alito Jr (born April 1, 1950) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Justice Clarence Thomas, joined by Justice Antonin Scalia, filed a concurring opinion, contending that the Court's prior decisions in Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood v. Casey should be reversed, and also noting that the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act may exceed the powers of Congress under the Commerce Clause. Clarence Thomas (born June 23, 1948) is an American Jurist. He has been serving as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United (born March 11, 1936) is an American Jurist and the second most senior Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States Roe v Wade, 410 US 113 (1973 is a controversial United States Supreme Court case that resulted in a Landmark decision regarding Planned Parenthood v Casey, 505 US 833 ( 1992) was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Constitutionality Roberts, along with Alito, refused to sign on to that opinion. Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg, David Souter, John Paul Stevens and Stephen Breyer dissented, contending that the ruling ignored Supreme Court abortion precedent. Ruth Joan Bader Ginsburg (born March 15 1933 Brooklyn New York) is an Associate Justice on the U For the Australian artist see David Henry Souter. David Hackett Souter (ˈsutɚ born September 17, 1939) has been an John Paul Stevens (born April 20, 1920) is currently the most senior Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Stephen Gerald Breyer (born August 15 1938 is an American Attorney and Jurist.

Although Roberts has often sided with Scalia and Thomas, Roberts was the tie-breaking vote (if a tie vote occurs, the lower court decision stands) in Jones v. Flowers. Jones v Flowers,, was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States involving the Due process requirement that a state give Notice In Jones, Roberts sided with the liberal block of the court determining that before a home is seized and sold in a tax-forfeiture sale, due diligence must be demonstrated and proper notification needs to be sent to the owners. Dissenting were Anthony Kennedy along with Antonin Scalia and Clarence Thomas. Anthony McLeod Kennedy (born July 23, 1936) has been an Associate Justice of the U (born March 11, 1936) is an American Jurist and the second most senior Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States Clarence Thomas (born June 23, 1948) is an American Jurist. He has been serving as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Samuel Alito did not participate while Roberts' ruling was joined by David Souter, Stephen Breyer, John Paul Stevens, and Ruth Bader Ginsburg. Samuel Anthony Alito Jr (born April 1, 1950) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. For the Australian artist see David Henry Souter. David Hackett Souter (ˈsutɚ born September 17, 1939) has been an Stephen Gerald Breyer (born August 15 1938 is an American Attorney and Jurist. John Paul Stevens (born April 20, 1920) is currently the most senior Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Ruth Joan Bader Ginsburg (born March 15 1933 Brooklyn New York) is an Associate Justice on the U

See also

Bibliography of articles by John G. This is a chronological list of notable cases decided by the United States Supreme Court during the tenure of Chief Justice John Roberts Roberts Jr.

The University of Michigan Law Library (External Links, below) has compiled fulltext links to these articles and a number of briefs and arguments.

References

News articles

Government/official biographies

Other

Footnotes

  1. ^ Ancestry of John G. Roberts
  2. ^ School website
  3. ^ a b c d e "Chief justice tumbles after seizure", CNN, 30 July 2007. Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.  
  4. ^ a b c d e "Chief Justice Roberts Suffers Seizure", Washington Post, July 30, 2007. Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.  
  5. ^ "Chief Justice John Roberts hospitalized in Maine", Maine Today, July 30, 2007. Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.  
  6. ^ a b c "Chief Justice John Roberts Suffers Seizure, Remains in Hospital", Fox News, July 30, 2007. Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.  
  7. ^ a b "Chief justice tells Bush he's 'doing fine' after seizure", CNN, 31 July 2007. Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2007-07-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently  
  8. ^ a b c d e S:\GPO\HEARINGS\92548.000
  9. ^ http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=108_senate_hearings&docid=f:92548.wais
  10. ^ http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=108_senate_hearings&docid=f:92548.wais
  11. ^ http://www.tnr.com/doc.mhtml?i=20050801&s=sunstein080105
  12. ^ Lawyer says Hamden not al-Qaeda - Yemeni was bin Laden’s driver - local - Yemen Times
  13. ^ http://pacer.cadc.uscourts.gov/docs/common/opinions/200507/04-5393a.pdf
  14. ^ See also: "Chief Justice Roberts — Constitutional Interpretations of Article III and the Commerce Clause: Will the "Hapless Toad" and "John Q. Public" Have Any Protection in the Roberts Court?" Paul A. Fortenberry and Daniel Canton Beck. 13 U. Balt. J. Envtl. L. 55 (2005)
  15. ^ "Supreme Court Nominations, 1789–2005: Actions by the Senate, the Judiciary Committee, and the President" Congressional Research Service January 5, 2005 [1]

External links


Legal offices
Preceded by
James L. Buckley		 Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit
2003 – 2005		 Vacant
Preceded by
William H. Rehnquist		 Chief Justice of the United States
September 29, 2005 – present		 Incumbent
Order of precedence in the United States of America
Preceded by
Nancy Pelosi
Speaker of the House of Representatives		 United States order of precedence
Chief Justice of the United States		 Succeeded by
Jimmy Carter
Former President of the United States


Persondata
NAME Roberts, John Glover, Jr. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D The Boston Globe (and Boston Sunday Globe) is the most widely circulated daily Newspaper in Boston and in New England, James Lane Buckley (born March 9, 1923 in New York City) is a former United States Senator from the state of New York as a member The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, known informally as the D William Hubbs Rehnquist (October 1 1924 – September 3 2005 was an American lawyer, jurist, and a political figure who served as an Associate Justice The Chief Justice of the United States is the head of the judicial branch of the government of the United States, and presides over the U The United States Order of precedence is a nominal and symbolic hierarchy of important positions within the government of the United States. Nancy Patricia D'Alesandro Pelosi (born March 26 1940 is the current Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. The United States Order of precedence is a nominal and symbolic hierarchy of important positions within the government of the United States. James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION U. S. Supreme Court justice
DATE OF BIRTH January 27, 1955
PLACE OF BIRTH Buffalo, New York, United States
DATE OF DEATH living
PLACE OF DEATH
Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) Buffalo (ˈbʌfəloʊ is the second largest city in New York State. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
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