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John Fulton Reynolds
September 20, 1820(1820-09-20) – July 1, 1863 (aged 42)
John F. Reynolds
Major General John F. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Year 1820 ( MDCCCXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Reynolds
Place of birth Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Place of death Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
Allegiance United States of America
Service/branch Union Army
Years of service 1841–63
Rank Major General
Commands held I Corps, Army of the Potomac
Battles/wars Mexican-American War

American Civil War

John Fulton Reynolds (September 20, 1820 – July 1, 1863) was a career U.S. Army officer and a general in the American Civil War. Lancaster is a city in the South Central part of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and is the County seat of Lancaster County. Gettysburg is a borough 38 miles (68 km south by southwest of Harrisburg in Adams County, Pennsylvania, USA, of which it is the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Union Army was the army that fought for the Union during the American Civil War. Major General or Major-General is a Military rank used in many countries I Corps (First Corps was the designation of three different Corps -sized units in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The Army of the Potomac was the major Union Army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. In the Battle of Monterrey (September 21&ndash23 1846 during the Mexican-American War, General Pedro de Ampudia and the Mexican Army of the North The Battle of Buena Vista ( 23 February 1847) also known as the Battle of Angostura saw the United States Army use heavy artillery to repulse Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Start of the Peninsula Campaign Opposing forces See also [[Seven Days Confederate order of battle]] [[Seven Days Union order of battle]] Almost Background and opposing forces See also Northern Virginia Campaign See also [[Second Bull Run Confederate order of battle]] [[Confederate order of battle]] Background and Burnside's plan The battle was the result of an effort by the Union Army to regain the initiative in its struggle against Lee's smaller but more aggressive army Forces and plans The Chancellorsville campaign began with the potential of leading to one of the most lopsided clashes in the war Background and movement to battle See also [[Gettysburg Campaign]] [[Gettysburg Battlefield]] [[Gettysburg Confederate order of battle]] [[Confederate order of battle]] Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Year 1820 ( MDCCCXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South One of the Union Army's most respected senior commanders, despite having a relatively limited amount of combat experience in the war, he played a key role in committing the Army of the Potomac to the Battle of Gettysburg and was killed at the very start of the battle. The Union Army was the army that fought for the Union during the American Civil War. The Army of the Potomac was the major Union Army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. Background and movement to battle See also [[Gettysburg Campaign]] [[Gettysburg Battlefield]] [[Gettysburg Confederate order of battle]] [[Confederate order of battle]]

Contents

Early life and career

Reynolds was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, one of nine surviving children of John Reynolds (1787–1853) and Lydia Moore Reynolds (1794–1843). Lancaster is a city in the South Central part of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and is the County seat of Lancaster County. Two of his brothers were James LeFevre Reynolds, Quartermaster General of Pennsylvania, and Rear Admiral Will Reynolds. Rear admiral is a Naval Commissioned officer rank above that of a Commodore and Captain, and below that of a Vice Admiral. William Reynolds (1815&mdash November 5 1879) was a Rear Admiral in the United States Navy and served during the American Civil War [1] He was nominated to the United States Military Academy by Senator James Buchanan, a family friend, in 1837, and graduated 26th of 50 cadets in the class of 1841. "USMA" redirects here For other uses see USMA (disambiguation The United States Military Academy (also known as USMA, The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives James Buchanan Jr (April 23 1791 – June 1 1868 was the fifteenth President of the United States (1857–1861 He was commissioned a brevet second lieutenant in the 3rd U. In the UK and US military brevet referred to a warrant authorizing a Commissioned officer to hold a higher rank temporarily but usually without receiving Second Lieutenant is the lowest commissioned officer Military rank in many Armed forces. S. Artillery, assigned to Fort McHenry. Fort McHenry, in Baltimore Maryland, is a star shaped fort best known From 1842 to 1845 he was assigned to St. Augustine, Florida, and Fort Moultrie, South Carolina, before joining Zachary Taylor's army at Corpus Christi, Texas, for the Mexican-American War. St Augustine is the County seat of St Johns County, Florida, in the United States. Fort Moultrie is the name of a series of forts on Sullivan's Island South Carolina, built Zachary Taylor (November 24 1784 &ndash July 9 1850 was an American military leader and the twelfth President of the United States. Corpus Christi is a coastal city in the South Texas region of the U He was awarded two brevet promotions in Mexico—to captain for gallantry at Monterrey and to major for Buena Vista, where his section of guns prevented the Mexican cavalry from outflanking the American left. See " Captain " for other versions of this rank In the uniformed services of the United States, captain is a federal In the Battle of Monterrey (September 21&ndash23 1846 during the Mexican-American War, General Pedro de Ampudia and the Mexican Army of the North Please see " Major " for other countries that use this rank In the United States, Major is a Military rank denotes The Battle of Buena Vista ( 23 February 1847) also known as the Battle of Angostura saw the United States Army use heavy artillery to repulse [2] During the war, he became friends with fellow officers Winfield Scott Hancock and Lewis Armistead. Winfield Scott Hancock ( February 14 1824 &ndash February 9 1886) was a career U Lewis Addison Armistead ( February 18, 1817 &ndash July 5, 1863) was a Confederate brigadier general in the American

Returning from Mexico, Reynolds was assigned to Fort Preble, Maine, New Orleans, Louisiana, and Fort Lafayette, New York. Fort Preble is a military fort in South Portland Maine, United States. The State of Maine ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana Fort Lafayette was an Island coastal Fortification in New York Harbor, built next to Fort Hamilton at the southern tip of what is now Bay New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous He marched west and was stationed at Fort Orford, Oregon, in 1855, and participated in the Rogue River Wars of 1856 and the Utah War with the Mormons in 1857-58. Oregon ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The Rogue River Wars was an armed conflict between the US Army, local militias and volunteers and the Native American tribes commonly grouped under the designation The Utah War, also known as the Utah Expedition or Buchanan's Blunder, was an armed dispute between Latter-day Saint (" Mormon " TalkMormon#Latter Day Saint vs Latter-day Saint --> Mormon He was the Commandant of Cadets at West Point from September 1860 to June 1861, while also serving as an instructor of artillery, cavalry, and infantry tactics. "USMA" redirects here For other uses see USMA (disambiguation The United States Military Academy (also known as USMA, During his return journey from the West, Reynolds met and became engaged to Katherine "Kate" May Hewitt. Because they came from different religions—Reynolds was a Protestant, Hewitt a Catholic—the engagement was kept a secret and Hewitt's parents did not hear about it until after Reynolds's death. [3]

Civil War

Early assignments and the Seven Days

Soon after the start of the Civil War, Reynolds was offered the position as aide-de-camp to Lt. Gen. Winfield Scott, but declined. This article is about a United States military rank For other countries that use a similar rank see Lieutenant General. Winfield Scott ( June 13, 1786 &ndash May 29, 1866) was a United States Army general Diplomat, and presidential candidate He was appointed lieutenant colonel of the 14th U.S. Infantry, but before he could engage with that unit, he was promoted to brigadier general on August 20, 1861, and ordered to report to Washington, D.C. While in transit, his orders were changed to report to Cape Hatteras Inlet, North Carolina. Lieutenant Colonel ( Lieutenant-Colonel in English from the French grade 's spelling is a rank of Commissioned officer in the armies Brigadier General is the lowest ranking General Officer in some countries usually sitting between the ranks of Colonel and Major General. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Cape Hatteras is a cape on the coast of North Carolina. It is the point that protrudes the furthest to the southeast along the northeast-to-southwest line of the Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan intervened with the Secretary of War to get Reynolds's orders changed once again, assigning him to the newly formed Army of the Potomac. Major General or Major-General is a Military rank used in many countries George Brinton McClellan ( December 3 1826 October 29 1885) was a major general during the American Civil War. The Secretary of War was a member of the United States President's Cabinet, beginning with George Washington 's administration His first assignment was with a board that examined the qualifications of volunteer officers, but he soon was given command of a brigade of Pennsylvania Reserves. A brigade is a Military unit Echelon: is The Pennsylvania Reserves was an Infantry division in the Union Army during the American Civil War. [4]

As McClellan's army moved up the Virginia Peninsula in the 1862 Peninsula Campaign, Reynolds occupied and became military governor of Fredericksburg, Virginia. The Virginia Peninsula is a Peninsula in southeast Virginia, bounded by the York River, James River, Hampton Roads and Chesapeake The Peninsula Campaign (also known as the Peninsular Campaign) of the American Civil War was a major Union operation launched in southeastern Fredericksburg is an Independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia and is located 50 miles south of Washington D His brigade was then ordered to join the V Corps at Mechanicsville, just before the start of the Seven Days Battles. The V Corps ( Fifth Corps) was a unit of the Union Army of the Potomac during the American Civil War. Mechanicsville is a Census designated place (CDP in Hanover County, Virginia, United States. Start of the Peninsula Campaign Opposing forces See also [[Seven Days Confederate order of battle]] [[Seven Days Union order of battle]] Almost The brigade was hit hard by the Confederate attack of June 26 at the Battle of Beaver Dam Creek, but their defensive line held and Reynolds later received a letter of commendation from his division commander, Brig. Gen. George A. McCall. The War Department was established by the Confederate Congress in an act on February 21, 1861. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. The Battle of Beaver Dam Creek, also known as the Battle of Mechanicsville or Ellerson's Mill, took place on June 26, 1862, in Hanover Brigadier General is the lowest ranking General Officer in some countries usually sitting between the ranks of Colonel and Major General. George Archibald McCall ( March 16, 1802 &ndash February 25, 1868) was a United States Army officer who became a brigadier general [5]

The Confederate attack continued on June 27 and Reynolds, exhausted from the Battle of Gaines' Mill and two days without sleep, was captured in Boatswain's Swamp, Virginia. Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden The Battle of Gaines' Mill, also known as the First Battle of Cold Harbor or the Battle of Chickahominy River, took place on June 27, 1862 Thinking he was in a place of relative safety, he fell asleep and was not aware that his retreating troops left him behind. He was extremely embarrassed when brought before the Confederate general of the capturing troops; D.H. Hill was an Army friend and colleague from before the war. Daniel Harvey Hill (July 12 1821 &ndash September 24 1889 was a Confederate general during the American Civil War and a Southern scholar Hill allegedly told him, "Reynolds, do not feel so bad about your capture, it is the fate of wars. "[6] Reynolds was transported to Richmond and held at Libby Prison, but was quickly exchanged on August 15 (for Lloyd Tilghman). This article is about the city of Richmond the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Libby Prison was a Confederate Prison at Richmond Virginia, during the American Civil War. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Lloyd Tilghman ( January 26, 1816 &ndash May 16, 1863) was a railroad construction engineer and a Confederate general in the American [7]

Second Bull Run, Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville

Upon his return, Reynolds was given command of the Pennsylvania Reserves Division, whose commander, McCall, had been captured just two days after Reynolds. The V Corps joined the Army of Virginia, under Maj. The Army of Virginia was organized as a major unit of the Union Army and operated briefly and unsuccessfully in 1862 in the American Civil War. Gen. John Pope, at Manassas. John Pope ( March 16, 1822 &ndash September 23, 1892) was a career United States Army officer and Union general in On the second day of the Second Battle of Bull Run, while most of the Union Army was retreating, Reynolds led his men in a last-ditch stand on Henry House Hill, site of the great Union debacle at First Bull Run the previous year. Background and opposing forces See also Northern Virginia Campaign See also [[Second Bull Run Confederate order of battle]] [[Confederate order of battle]] Background Brig Gen Irvin McDowell was appointed by President Abraham Lincoln to command the Army of Northeastern Virginia. Waving the flag of the 2nd Reserves regiment, he yelled, "Now boys, give them the steel, charge bayonets, double quick!" His counterattack halted the Confederate advance long enough to give the Union Army time to retreat in a more orderly fashion, arguably the most important factor in preventing its complete destruction. [8]

At the request of Pennsylvania Governor Andrew G. Curtin, Reynolds was given command of the Pennsylvania Militia during General Robert E. Lee's invasion of Maryland. Governors Pennsylvania was one of the original Thirteen colonies, and was admitted as a state on December 12 1787 Andrew Gregg Curtin ( April 22, 1817 – October 7, 1894) was a U Robert Edward Lee (January 19 1807 &ndash October 12 1870 was a career United States Army officer, an Engineer, and among the most celebrated The Maryland Campaign, or the Antietam Campaign, of September 1862 is widely considered one of the major turning points of the American Civil War. Generals McClellan and Joseph Hooker complained that "a scared governor ought not to be permitted to destroy the usefulness of an entire division," but the governor prevailed and Reynolds spent two weeks in Pennsylvania drilling old men and boys, missing the Battle of Antietam. Joseph Hooker ( November 13, 1814 &ndash October 31, 1879) was a career United States Army officer fought in the Mexican-American However, he returned to the Army of the Potomac in late 1862 and assumed command of the I Corps. The Army of the Potomac was the major Union Army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. I Corps (First Corps was the designation of three different Corps -sized units in the Union Army during the American Civil War. One of his divisions, commanded by Brig. Gen. George G. Meade, made the only breakthrough at the Battle of Fredericksburg, but Reynolds did not reinforce Meade with his other two divisions and the attack failed; Reynolds did not receive a clear understanding from Brig. George Gordon Meade ( December 31, 1815 &ndash November 6, 1872) was a career United States Army officer and civil engineer involved Background and Burnside's plan The battle was the result of an effort by the Union Army to regain the initiative in its struggle against Lee's smaller but more aggressive army Gen. William B. Franklin about his role in the attack. William Buel Franklin ( February 27, 1823 &ndash March 8, 1903) was a career United States Army officer and a Union Army [8]

At the Battle of Chancellorsville in May 1863, Reynolds clashed with Maj. Forces and plans The Chancellorsville campaign began with the potential of leading to one of the most lopsided clashes in the war Gen. Hooker, his predecessor at I Corps, but by this time the commander of the Army of the Potomac. Hooker originally placed Reynolds's Corps on the extreme left of the Union line, southeast of Fredericksburg, hoping to threaten and distract the Confederate right. On May 2, Hooker changed his mind and ordered the I Corps to conduct a 20-mile daylight countermarch to swing around and become the extreme right flank of the Army, to the northwest of the XI Corps. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. The XI Corps ( Eleventh Army Corps) was a Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War, best remembered for its humiliating defeats at The march was delayed by faulty communications and by the need to move stealthily and avoid Confederate contact. Thus, the I Corps was not yet in position when the XI Corps was surprised and overrun by Lt. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's flank attack, a setback that destroyed Hooker's nerve for offensive action. Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson (January 21 1824 &ndash May 10 1863 was a Confederate general during the American Civil War, and probably the Hooker called a council of war on May 4 in which Reynolds voted to proceed with the battle, but although the vote was three to two for offensive action, Hooker decided to retreat. A council of war is a term in Military science that describes a meeting held to decide on a course of action usually in the midst of a battle Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV Reynolds, who had gone to sleep after giving his proxy vote to Meade, woke up and muttered loud enough for Hooker to hear, "What was the use of calling us together at this time of night when he intended to retreat anyhow?" The 17,000-man I Corps was not engaged at Chancellorsville and suffered only 300 casualties during the entire campaign. [9]

Reynolds joined several of his fellow officers in urging that Hooker be replaced, in the same way he had spoken out against Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside after Fredericksburg. Ambrose Everett Burnside (May 23 1824 September 13 1881 was an American soldier railroad executive inventor industrialist and politician from Rhode Island, On the previous occasion, Reynolds wrote in a private letter, "If we do not get some one soon who can command an army without consulting 'Stanton and Halleck' at Washington, I do not know what will become of this Army. Edwin McMasters Stanton ( December 19, 1814 &ndash December 24, 1869) was an American lawyer politician United States Henry Wager Halleck ( January 16, 1815 &ndash January 9, 1872) was a United States Army officer scholar and lawyer " President Abraham Lincoln met with Reynolds in a private interview on June 2 and is believed to have asked him whether he would consider being the next commander of the Army of the Potomac. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Reynolds supposedly replied that he would be willing to accept only if he were given a free hand and could be isolated from the political influences that had affected the Army commanders throughout the war. Unable to comply with Reynolds's demand, Lincoln promoted the more junior George G. Meade to replace Hooker on June 28. Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. [10]

Gettysburg

Sketch of Reynolds's death at Gettysburg
Sketch of Reynolds's death at Gettysburg

On the morning of July 1, 1863, Reynolds was commanding the "left wing" of the Army of the Potomac, with operational control over the I, III, and XI Corps, and Brig. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common There were four formations in the Union Army designated as III Corps (or Third Army Corps) during the American Civil War. Gen. John Buford's cavalry division. John Buford Jr ( March 4, 1826 &ndash December 16, 1863) was a Union Cavalry officer during the American Civil War The Cavalry (from French cavalerie) is the second oldest of the Combat Arms, and as Soldiers or Warriors who fought mounted on Buford occupied the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and set up light defensive lines north and west of the town. Gettysburg is a borough 38 miles (68 km south by southwest of Harrisburg in Adams County, Pennsylvania, USA, of which it is the He resisted the approach of two Confederate infantry brigades on the Chambersburg Pike until the nearest Union infantry, Reynolds's I Corps, began to arrive. Reynolds rode out ahead of the 1st Division, met with Buford, and then accompanied some of his soldiers, probably from Brig. Gen. Lysander Cutler's brigade, into the fighting at Herbst's Woods. Lysander Cutler ( February 16 1807 &ndash July 30 1866) was an American businessman educator politician and a Union Army Troops began arriving from Brig. Gen. Solomon Meredith's Iron Brigade, and as Reynolds was supervising the placement of the 2nd Wisconsin, he fell from his horse with a wound in the back of the neck,[11] and died almost instantly. Solomon Meredith ( May 29, 1810 &ndash October 2, 1875) was a prominent Indiana farmer politician and lawman who was a controversial The Iron Brigade, also known as the Iron Brigade of the West or the Black Hat Brigade, was an Infantry Brigade in the Union Command passed to his senior division commander, Maj. Gen. Abner Doubleday. Abner Doubleday (June 26 1819 &ndash January 26 1893 was a career United States Army officer and Union general in the American Civil War.

For the Union side, the death of John Reynolds meant more than the loss of an inspiring leader; it also removed from the equation the one person with enough vision and sense of purpose to manage this battle.
Noah Andre Trudeau, Gettysburg: A Testing of Courage[12]

The loss of General Reynolds was keenly felt by the army. He was loved by his men and respected by his peers. There are no recorded instances of negative comments made by his contemporaries. [13] Historian Shelby Foote wrote that many considered him "not only the highest ranking [sic] but also the best general in the army. Shelby Dade Foote Jr ( November 17 1916 &ndash June 27 2005) was an American Novelist and a noted historian of the "[14] His death had a more immediate effect that day, however. By ratifying Buford's defensive plan and engaging his I Corps infantry, Reynolds essentially selected the location for the Battle of Gettysburg for Meade, turning a chance meeting engagement into a massive pitched battle, committing the Army of the Potomac to fight on that ground with forces that were initially numerically inferior to the Confederates that were concentrating there. In the command confusion that followed Reynolds's death, the two Union corps that reached the field were overwhelmed and forced to retreat through the streets of Gettysburg to the high ground south of town, where they were rallied by his old friend, Maj. Gen. Winfield S. Hancock. [15]

Possible location of General Reynolds's death
Possible location of General Reynolds's death

Reynolds's body was immediately transported by from Gettysburg to Taneytown, Maryland, and then to his birthplace, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where he was buried on July 4, 1863. Taneytown (TAW-nee-town is a city in Carroll County, Maryland, United States. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common [16] Befitting his importance to the Union and his native state, he is memorialized by three statues in Gettysburg National Military Park (an equestrian statue on McPherson Ridge, one by John Quincy Adams Ward in the National Cemetery, and one on the Pennsylvania Memorial),[17] as well as one in front of the Philadelphia City Hall. The Gettysburg Battlefield was the site of the Battle of Gettysburg, fought July 1 to July 3, 1863, in and around the borough of Gettysburg John Quincy Adams Ward ( June 29, 1830 – May 1, 1910) was an American sculptor who is most familiar for his over-lifesize standing Philadelphia City Hall is the seat of government for the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Kate Hewitt had agreed with Reynolds that if he were killed in the war and they could not marry, she would join a convent. A convent is a community of Priests religious brothers religious sisters or Nuns or the building used by the community particularly in the Roman Catholic Church After he was buried, she traveled to Emmitsburg, Maryland, and joined the St. Emmitsburg was founded in 1785 and is in Frederick County, Maryland, just south of the Mason-Dixon line separating Maryland from Pennsylvania Joseph Central House of the Order of the Daughters of Charity (now part of Mount Saint Mary's University). Mount St Mary's University is a private Liberal arts, Catholic university in the Catoctin Mountains near Emmitsburg Maryland. [18]

Death controversies

Historians disagree on the details of Reynolds's death, including the specific time (either 10:15 a. m. or 10:40–10:50 a. m. ), the exact location (on East McPherson Ridge, near the 2nd Wisconsin Infantry, or West McPherson Ridge, near the 19th Indiana), and the source of the bullet (a Confederate infantryman, a Confederate sharpshooter, or friendly fire). Friendly fire or non-hostile fire, a term originally adopted by the United States military, refers to fire from one's own side or allied forces as One primary source was Sergeant Charles S. Veil, Reynolds's orderly, who described the events in a letter in 1864 and then contradicted some of the details in another letter 45 years later. A letter from Reynolds's sister, Jennie, stated that the wound had a downward trajectory from the neck, implying that he was shot from above, presumably a sharpshooter in a tree or barn. Historians Bruce Catton and Glenn Tucker make firm assertions that a sharpshooter was responsible; Stephen Sears credits volley fire from the 7th Tennessee against the 2nd Wisconsin; Edwin Coddington cites the sister's letter and finds the sharpshooter theory to be partly credible, but leans towards Sears's conclusion; Harry W. Bruce Catton ( October 9, 1899 &mdash August 28, 1978) was a journalist and a notable Historian of the American Civil War Pfanz agrees that the location was behind the 2nd Wisconsin, but make no judgment about the source of the fire. Steve Sanders, writing in Gettysburg magazine, suggested the possibility of friendly fire based on some accounts, and concludes that it is as equally likely as enemy fire. [19]

In popular media

John F. Reynolds memorials
Equestrian statue on McPherson Ridge, Chambersburg Pike, Gettysburg National Military Park
Closeup
Statue by John Quincy Adams Ward in the National Cemetery, Gettysburg National Military Park
Closeup

In front of Philadelphia City Hall

Reynolds plays a role in Michael Shaara's 1974 Pulitzer Prize winning novel The Killer Angels, as well as the 1993 film based on that novel, Gettysburg (in which he was played by John Rothman). John Quincy Adams Ward ( June 29, 1830 – May 1, 1910) was an American sculptor who is most familiar for his over-lifesize standing Philadelphia City Hall is the seat of government for the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Michael Shaara ( June 23, 1928 - May 5, 1988) was an American writer of Science fiction, Sports fiction, and The Pulitzer Prize, ˈpʊlɨtsɚ PULL-it-sər is an American award regarded as the highest national honor in Newspaper journalism, The Killer Angels ( 1974) is a historical novel by Michael Shaara that was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1975. Gettysburg is a 1993 Film that dramatizes the decisive Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War. John Mahr Rothman (born June 3, 1949) is an American film television and stage Actor. The film portrays Reynolds as being deliberately killed by a Confederate sharpshooter, a scene based on the Don Troiani painting of the event. Reynolds is also significant in the prequel to The Killer Angels, Jeffrey Shaara's novel Gods and Generals, although his role was deleted from the 2003 film based on the novel. A prequel is a work that portrays events and/or aspects of a previously completed narrative but is set prior to the existing narrative Jeffrey M Shaara (born 1952) is an American novelist, the son of Pulitzer Prize winner Michael Shaara. Gods and Generals is a Novel which serves as a Prequel to Michael Shaara 's 1974 Pulitzer Prize -winning work about the

A significant portion of the song "The Devil to Pay" by Jon Schaffer of Iced Earth in the Gettysburg trilogy is dedicated to John Reynolds, with the song "When Johnny Comes Marching Home" played and stylized using both electric guitar and an orchestra. Jon Ryan Schaffer (born March 15, 1968 in Franklin Indiana) is a heavy metal Guitarist and Songwriter. Iced Earth is an American heavy metal band from Tampa, Florida that combines influences from Thrash metal, Power metal, "When Johnny Comes Marching Home" (sometimes "When Johnny Comes Marching Home Again") is a popular song of the American Civil War that expressed

References

Notes

  1. ^ Reynolds family genealogy.
  2. ^ Eicher, p. 450; Carney, p. 1631.
  3. ^ Carney, p. 1632; Bearss, p. 161; Tagg, pp. 10-11.
  4. ^ Carney, p. 1632.
  5. ^ Carney, p. 1632; Tagg, p. 10.
  6. ^ Sears, To the Gates of Richmond, p. 252.
  7. ^ Eicher, p. 451.
  8. ^ a b Tagg, p. 10.
  9. ^ Sears, Chancellorsville, pp. 228-29, 243, 420-22; Tagg, p. 11; Carney, p. 1633.
  10. ^ Sears, Gettysburg, pp. 40-41; Tagg, p. 11. Eicher, pp. 773-74: Although Reynolds and Meade were both promoted to major general of volunteers with the date of rank of November 29, 1862, Reynolds's name appeared immediately before Meade's on the promotion list, ranking 49th of all the volunteer major generals. Events 1777 - San Jose California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday After Meade's promotion, Reynolds was the third most senior corps commander in the Army of the Potomac, after Henry W. Slocum and John Sedgwick. For the American tennis player see Henry Slocum (tennis Henry Warner Slocum ( September 24 1827 &ndash April 14 John Sedgwick ( September 13, 1813 &ndash May 9, 1864) was a teacher a career military officer and a Union Army general in the
  11. ^ Sources differ as to the location of the wound. Sears, Gettysburg, p. 170, quotes orderly Sgt. Charles S. Veil that a "Minnie [sic] ball struck him in the back of the neck. " Tagg, p. 12, and Coddington, p. 269, assert the wound was behind the right ear.
  12. ^ Trudeau, p. 271.
  13. ^ Tagg, p. 9.
  14. ^ Foote, p. 468.
  15. ^ Sears, Gettysburg, pp. 154-225.
  16. ^ Carney, p. 1632.
  17. ^ Hawthorne, pp. 19, 82, 135.
  18. ^ Bearss, p. 161.
  19. ^ Sanders, pp. 27-36; Catton, 273-74; Tucker, pp. 110-11; Coddington, pp. 269, 686; Pfanz, pp. 77-78.

External links

Military offices
Preceded by
George G. Meade		 Commander of the I Corps
September 29, 1862 – January 2, 1863		 Succeeded by
James S. Wadsworth
Preceded by
James S. Wadsworth		 Commander of the I Corps
January 4, 1863 – March 1, 1863		 Succeeded by
James S. Wadsworth
Preceded by
James S. Wadsworth		 Commander of the I Corps
March 9, 1863 – July 1, 1863		 Succeeded by
Abner Doubleday
Find A Grave is a Website allowing its users to access maintain and expand an online Database of Burial records 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the George Gordon Meade ( December 31, 1815 &ndash November 6, 1872) was a career United States Army officer and civil engineer involved I Corps (First Corps was the designation of three different Corps -sized units in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common James Samuel Wadsworth (October 30 1807 &ndash May 8 1864 was a philanthropist politician and a Union general in the American Civil War. James Samuel Wadsworth (October 30 1807 &ndash May 8 1864 was a philanthropist politician and a Union general in the American Civil War. I Corps (First Corps was the designation of three different Corps -sized units in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common James Samuel Wadsworth (October 30 1807 &ndash May 8 1864 was a philanthropist politician and a Union general in the American Civil War. James Samuel Wadsworth (October 30 1807 &ndash May 8 1864 was a philanthropist politician and a Union general in the American Civil War. I Corps (First Corps was the designation of three different Corps -sized units in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia. Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Abner Doubleday (June 26 1819 &ndash January 26 1893 was a career United States Army officer and Union general in the American Civil War.
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