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"Coltrane" redirects here. For other uses, see Coltrane (disambiguation).
John Coltrane

Background information
Birth name John William Coltrane
Also known as "Trane"
Born September 23, 1926(1926-09-23)
Origin Hamlet, North Carolina,
United States
Died July 17, 1967 (aged 40)
Genre(s) Avant-garde jazz, bebop, post-bop, hard bop, free jazz, modal jazz
Occupation(s) Saxophonist, composer, bandleader
Instrument(s) Tenor saxophone, soprano saxophone, alto saxophone, flute, bass clarinet
Years active 1946–1967
Label(s) Prestige, Blue Note, Atlantic, Impulse!
Associated acts Miles Davis Quintet, John Coltrane Quartet, John Coltrane Quintet
Website www.johncoltrane.com

John William Coltrane (September 23, 1926 in Hamlet, North Carolina — July 17, 1967 at Huntington Hospital in Long Island, NY) was an American jazz saxophonist and composer. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Hamlet is a city in Richmond County, North Carolina, United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other Avant-garde jazz (also known as avant-jazz) is a style of music and Improvisation that combines Avant-garde Art music and composition with Bebop or bop is a form of Jazz characterized by fast Tempos and Improvisation based on Harmonic structure rather than Melody Post-bop is a term for a form of small-combo Jazz music that evolved in the early-to-mid sixties Hard bop is a style of Jazz that is an extension of Bebop (or "bop" music For the Ornette Coleman album after which this genre was named see Free Jazz A Collective Improvisation. Modal jazz is Jazz using Musical modes rather than chord progressions as its harmonic framework The saxophone (commonly referred to simply as sax) is a conical- bored transposing Musical instrument considered a member of the Woodwind A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance A bandleader is the leader of a band of Musicians The term is most commonly though not exclusively used with a group that plays Popular music as A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. The tenor saxophone is a medium-sized member of the Saxophone family a group of instruments invented by Adolphe Sax in the 1840s The soprano saxophone was invented in 1840 and is a variety of the Saxophone, a Woodwind instrument. The alto saxophone is a member of the Saxophone a family of Woodwind instruments invented by Adolphe Sax. The flute is a Musical instrument of the Woodwind family Unlike other woodwind instruments a flute is a Reedless wind instrument that produces its The bass clarinet is a Musical instrument of the Clarinet family In the Music industry, a record label can be a Brand and a Trademark associated with the Marketing of music recordings and Music Prestige Records was a Record label founded in 1949 by Bob Weinstock ( October 2, 1928 &ndash January 14, 2006) Atlantic Records ( Atlantic Recording Corporation) is an American Record label best known for its many recordings of Rhythm & blues, Rock Impulse! Records was an American based Jazz Record label, originally launched in 1960 by Creed Taylor as a subsidiary of ABC-Paramount The Miles Davis Quintet was a Bebop -oriented Jazz Quintet formed in 1955 by Trumpet player Miles Davis. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Hamlet is a city in Richmond County, North Carolina, United States. Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States The saxophone (commonly referred to simply as sax) is a conical- bored transposing Musical instrument considered a member of the Woodwind A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance Born in Hamlet, North Carolina, Coltrane grew up in High Point, North Carolina and moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in June 1943. He was inducted into the Navy in 1945 and returned to civilian life in 1946. Coltrane worked a variety of jobs through the late forties until he joined Dizzy Gillespie's big band in 1949 as an alto saxophonist. John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie ( October 21 1917 &ndash January 6 1993) was an American Jazz Trumpeter He stayed with Gillespie through the band's breakup in May 1950 and, now on tenor saxophone, worked with Gillespie's small group until April 1951, when he returned to Philadelphia to go to school.

In early 1952, Coltrane joined Earl Bostic's band. In 1953, after a stint with Eddie Vinson, he joined Johnny Hodges's small group during Hodges's short sabbatical from Duke Ellington's orchestra, staying until mid 1954.

Throughout his career Coltrane's music took on an increasingly spiritual dimension that would color his legacy. His conception of expression in jazz became increasingly mystical, gnostic and cathartic. Mysticism (from the Greek grc μυστικός mystikos, an initiate of a Mystery religion) is the pursuit of communion with identity Gnosticism (γνώσις gnōsis, Knowledge) refers to a diverse Syncretistic Religious movement consisting of various Belief systems Catharsis ( Κάθαρσις) is a Greek word meaning "purification" "cleansing" or "clarification

Coltrane received a posthumous Special Citation from the Pulitzer Prize Board in 2007 for his "masterful improvisation, supreme musicianship and iconic centrality to the history of jazz. The Pulitzer Prizes for 2007 were announced on April 16, 2007. "

Contents

Biography

Early life and career (1926–1954)

Statue of Coltrane in High Point, North Carolina - his birthplace.
Statue of Coltrane in High Point, North Carolina - his birthplace. High Point is a city located in the Piedmont Triad (The 30th largest metro area in the United States with a population of 1

John Coltrane was born on September 23, 1926. Coltrane grew up in High Point NC, moving to Philadelphia PA in June 1943. He was inducted into the Navy in 1945, returning to civilian life in 1946. Contemporary correspondence shows that Coltrane was already known as "Trane" by this point, and that the music from the 1946 sessions had been played for Miles Davis — possibly impressing him. Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26 1926 &ndash September 28 1991 was an American Jazz Trumpeter, Bandleader, and Composer.

Although there are recordings of Coltrane from as early as 1946, his peers at the time didn't recognize 'genius' in the young musician. His real career spans the twelve years between 1955 and 1967, during which time he reshaped modern jazz and influenced generations of other musicians. Coltrane was freelancing in Philadelphia in the summer of 1955 when he received a call from trumpeter Miles Davis. Davis, whose success during the late forties had been followed by several years of decline, was again active, and was about to form a quintet. Coltrane was with this first edition of the Davis group from October 1955 through April 1957 (with a few absences), a period which saw influential recordings from Davis and the first signs of Coltrane's growing ability.

This classic First Quintet, best represented by two marathon recording sessions for Prestige in 1956, disbanded in mid-April due partially to Coltrane's problematic heroin addiction. Coltrane would use much of what he learned with Davis to run his own groups, namely allowing musicians to solo and improvise with their own sensibilities as well as eschewing involvement with his audience and remaining aloof to press.


During the latter part of 1957 Coltrane worked with Thelonious Monk at New York’s Five Spot, a legendary gig. Thelonious Sphere Monk ( October 10, 1917 - February 17, 1982) was an American Jazz Pianist and Composer. The Five Spot Cafe was located in New York City at the corner of Cooper Square and St He rejoined Miles in January 1958, staying until April 1960, during which time he participated in such seminal Davis sessions as Milestones and Kind of Blue, and recorded his own influential sessions (notably Giant Steps). Kind of Blue is an album by American Jazz musician Miles Davis, released August 17 1959 on Columbia Records, in both Giant Steps is a 1960 Album by Jazz musician John Coltrane, released on Atlantic Records.

Throughout the 1950s addiction to drugs and then alcoholism disrupted his career. Shortly after leaving Davis, however, he overcame these problems; his album A Love Supreme celebrated this victory and the profound religious experience associated with it. A Love Supreme is a Jazz Album released by John Coltrane 's quartet in 1965. Coltrane next played in Thelonious Monk's quartet (July-December 1957), but owing to contractual conflicts took part in only one early recording session of this legendary group. He rejoined Davis and worked in various quintets and sextets with Cannonball Adderley, Bill Evans, Chambers, Jones, and others (1958-60). Julian Edwin "Cannonball" Adderley ( September 15 1928 – August 8 1975) was a Jazz alto saxophonist of William John Evans (better known as Bill Evans) ( August 16, 1929 &ndash September 15, 1980) was one of the most famous and influential While with Davis he discovered the soprano saxophone, purchasing his own instrument in February 1960.

Miles and Monk period (1955–1959)

Coltrane was freelancing in Philadelphia in the summer of 1955 while studying with guitarist Dennis Sandole when he received a call from trumpeter Miles Davis. Dennis Sandole (born Dennis Sandoli 1913-2000 was a jazz guitarist composer and music educator from Philadelphia Pennsylvania. Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26 1926 &ndash September 28 1991 was an American Jazz Trumpeter, Bandleader, and Composer. With a few absences, Coltrane was with this edition of the Davis band (known as the "First Great Quintet" to distinguish it from Miles's later group with Wayne Shorter) from October 1955 through April 1957, a period which saw influential recordings from Davis and the first signs of Coltrane's growing ability. Wayne Shorter (born August 25 1933) is an American Jazz Composer and Saxophonist, commonly regarded as one of the

Blue Train

Blue Train, his sole date as leader for Blue Note, featuring trumpeter Lee Morgan, bassist Paul Chambers, and trombonist Curtis Fuller, is widely considered his best album from this period. Blue Train is a Jazz album by John Coltrane, released in 1957 (see 1957 in music. Lee Morgan ( 10 July, 1938 in Philadelphia Pennsylvania &ndash 19 February, 1972 in New York City) was an American Paul Laurence Dunbar Chambers Jr ( April 22 1935 – January 4 1969) was one of the most influential Jazz bassists of the Curtis DuBois Fuller (born in Detroit, December 15, 1934) is a United States Hard bop trombonist. Four of its five tracks are original Coltrane compositions, and several of them, notably the title track, "Moment's Notice" and "Lazy Bird", have gone on to become standards. Lazy Bird is a Musical composition by John Coltrane, first appearing on his 1957 album Blue Train.

Davis and Coltrane again

Coltrane rejoined Davis in January 1958. In October 1958, jazz critic Ira Gitler coined the term "sheets of sound" to describe the unique style Coltrane developed during his stint with Monk and was perfecting in Miles' group, now a sextet. Ira Gitler (born December 18, 1928 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American jazz historian and journalist Sheets of sound was a term coined in 1958 by Down Beat magazine Jazz critic Ira Gitler to describe the new unique improvisational His playing was compressed, as if whole solos passed in a few seconds, with rapid runs cascading in hundreds of notes per minute. He stayed with Davis until April 1960, working with, in due course, alto saxophonist Cannonball Adderley; pianists Red Garland, Bill Evans, and Wynton Kelly; bassist Paul Chambers; and drummers Philly Joe Jones and Jimmy Cobb. Julian Edwin "Cannonball" Adderley ( September 15 1928 – August 8 1975) was a Jazz alto saxophonist of William "Red" Garland ( May 13, 1923 &ndash April 23, 1984) was an American Hard bop Jazz Pianist William John Evans (better known as Bill Evans) ( August 16, 1929 &ndash September 15, 1980) was one of the most famous and influential Wynton Kelly ( December 2, 1931 in Jamaica &mdash April 12 1971 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada) was a Jazz pianist Paul Laurence Dunbar Chambers Jr ( April 22 1935 – January 4 1969) was one of the most influential Jazz bassists of the Joseph Rudolph (Philly Joe Jones ( July 15, 1923 – August 30, 1985) was a Philadelphia -born United States jazz Jimmy Cobb (born January 20 1929 in Washington DC) is an American jazz drummer. During this time he participated in such seminal Davis sessions as Milestones and Kind Of Blue, and the live recordings, Miles & Monk at Newport and Jazz at the Plaza. Milestones is an album recorded in February and March 1958 by Miles Davis. Kind of Blue is an album by American Jazz musician Miles Davis, released August 17 1959 on Columbia Records, in both Miles & Monk at Newport was a combined album of a Miles Davis appearance at Newport with an appearance of Thelonious Monk, from the LP era

Giant Steps

Toward the end of this period he recorded his first album exclusively of his own compositions, Giant Steps (for Atlantic Records) whose title track is generally considered to have the most complex and difficult chord progression of any widely-played jazz composition. Giant Steps is a 1960 Album by Jazz musician John Coltrane, released on Atlantic Records. Atlantic Records ( Atlantic Recording Corporation) is an American Record label best known for its many recordings of Rhythm & blues, Rock Coltrane had already begun to experiment with harmony and to solo extensively.

My Favorite Things

Coltrane formed his first group, a quartet, in 1960. After moving through different personnel including Steve Kuhn, Pete LaRoca, and Billy Higgins, the lineup stabilized in the fall with pianist McCoy Tyner, bassist Steve Davis, and drummer Elvin Jones. Steve Kuhn (b Brooklyn NY, March 24, 1938) is an innovative American Jazz pianist, composer and trio leader Peter Sims (born April 7, 1938 in New York City) is an American Jazz Drummer, who has performed for much of his career Billy Higgins ( October 11, 1936 &ndash May 3, 2001) was an American jazz drummer. Alfred McCoy Tyner (born 11 December 1938) is a jazz pianist from Philadelphia Pennsylvania, known for his work with the John Coltrane Steve Davis, OBE, (born Steven Davis August 22, 1957, Plumstead, London) is an English professional Snooker Elvin Ray Jones ( 9 September 1927 &ndash 18 May 2004) was one of the most influential jazz drummers of the Post-bop era Tyner, from Philadelphia, had been a friend of Coltrane's for some years and the two men long had an understanding that the pianist would join Coltrane when Tyner felt ready for the exposure of regularly working with him. Also recorded in the same sessions were the later released albums Coltrane's Sound and Coltrane Plays the Blues. Coltrane's Sound is a Jazz album by John Coltrane originally recorded in 1960 but released in June 1964 (according to Atlantic Records reissue liner Coltrane Plays the Blues is an album by jazz musician John Coltrane.

Still with Atlantic Records, for whom he had recorded Giant Steps, his first record with his new group was also his debut playing the soprano saxophone, the hugely successful My Favorite Things. The soprano saxophone was invented in 1840 and is a variety of the Saxophone, a Woodwind instrument. My Favorite Things is a 1961 Jazz album by John Coltrane. It is considered by many jazz critics and listeners to be a highly significant and historic Around the end of his tenure with Davis, Coltrane had begun playing soprano saxophone, an unconventional move considering the instrument's near obsolescence in jazz at the time. The soprano saxophone was invented in 1840 and is a variety of the Saxophone, a Woodwind instrument. His interest in the straight saxophone most likely arose from his admiration for Sidney Bechet and the work of his contemporary, Steve Lacy, even though Miles Davis claimed to have given Coltrane his first soprano saxophone. Sidney Bechet ( May 14, 1897 &ndash May 14, 1959) was an American Jazz saxophonist, Clarinetist and Composer This article is about the jazz musician For the CEO of Meredith see Steve Lacy (businessman.

The new soprano sound was coupled with further exploration. For example, on the Gershwin tune "But Not for Me", Coltrane employs the kinds of restless harmonic movement (Coltrane changes) used on Giant Steps (movement in major thirds rather than conventional perfect fourths) over the A sections instead of a conventional turnaround progression. In Jazz harmony, the Coltrane changes ( Coltrane Matrix or cycle) are a harmonic progression variation using substitute chords over common jazz chord progressions A major third ( is one of two commonly occurring Musical intervals that span three Diatonic scale degrees the other being the Minor third. The perfect fourth () is a Musical interval which spans four scale degrees In Jazz, a turnaround is a Passage at the end of a Section which leads to the next section Several other tracks recorded in the session utilized this harmonic device, including "26-2," "Satellite," "Body and Soul," and "The Night Has a Thousand Eyes. " Body and Soul " is a popular song written in 1930 by Edward Heyman, Robert Sour, Frank Eyton and Johnny Green. for the 1963 Bobby Vee (Weisman / Wayne / Garret hit see The Night Has a Thousand Eyes (song. "

The first years with Impulse Records (1960-1962)

Shortly before completing his contract with Atlantic in May 1961 (with the album Olé Coltrane although Atlantic would continue to release recordings from their vaults for many years), Coltrane joined the newly formed Impulse! Records label, with whom the "Classic Quartet" would record. Olé Coltrane is an album by jazz musician John Coltrane, in the Free jazz genre Impulse! Records was an American based Jazz Record label, originally launched in 1960 by Creed Taylor as a subsidiary of ABC-Paramount It is generally assumed that the clinching reason Coltrane signed with Impulse! was that it would enable him to work again with recording engineer Rudy Van Gelder, who had taped both his and Davis's Prestige sessions, as well as Blue Train. Rudy Van Gelder (born November 2, 1924, in Jersey City New Jersey) is a recording engineer specializing in Jazz. It was at Van Gelder's new studio in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey that Coltrane would record most of his records for the label. Englewood Cliffs is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States.

By early 1961, bassist Davis had been replaced by Reggie Workman while Eric Dolphy joined the group as a second horn around the same time. Reginald "Reggie" Workman (born June 26, 1937 in Philadelphia Pennsylvania) is an American Avant-garde jazz and Hard Eric Allan Dolphy ( June 20, 1928 &ndash June 29, 1964) was an American Jazz alto saxophonist, flautist, and The quintet had a celebrated (and extensively recorded) residency in November 1961 at the Village Vanguard, which demonstrated Coltrane's new direction. The Village Vanguard is a Jazz club in Greenwich Village in New York City. It featured the most experimental music he'd played up to this point, influenced by Indian ragas, the recent developments in modal jazz, and the burgeoning free jazz movement. Rāga ( Sanskrit, lit "colour" or "mood" or rāgam in Carnatic music) refers to melodic modes used Modal jazz is Jazz using Musical modes rather than chord progressions as its harmonic framework For the Ornette Coleman album after which this genre was named see Free Jazz A Collective Improvisation. Longtime Sun Ra saxophonist John Gilmore was particularly influential; the most celebrated of the Vanguard tunes, the 15-minute blues, "Chasin' the 'Trane", was strongly inspired by Gilmore's music. Sun Ra (born Herman Poole Blount, Legal name Le Sony'r Ra; This article is about John Gilmore the jazz saxophonist See John Gilmore for other people with this name

During this period, critics were fiercely divided in their estimation of Coltrane, who had radically altered his style. Audiences, too, were perplexed; in France he was famously booed during his final tour with Davis. In 1961, Down Beat magazine indicted Coltrane, along with Eric Dolphy, as players of "Anti-Jazz" in an article that bewildered and upset the musicians. Down Beat is an American Magazine devoted to "jazz blues and beyond" to indicate its expansion beyond the jazz realm which it covered exclusively Eric Allan Dolphy ( June 20, 1928 &ndash June 29, 1964) was an American Jazz alto saxophonist, flautist, and Coltrane admitted some of his early solos were based mostly on technical ideas. Furthermore, Dolphy's angular, voice-like playing earned him a reputation as a figurehead of the "New Thing" (also known as "Free Jazz" and "Avant-Garde") movement led by Ornette Coleman, which was also denigrated by some jazz musicians (including Trane's old boss, Miles Davis) and critics. Ornette Coleman (born March 9, 1930) is an American saxophonist Violinist Trumpeter and Composer. But as Coltrane's style further developed, he was determined to make each performance "a whole expression of one's being", as he would call his music in a 1966 interview.

Classic Quartet period (1962–1965)

In 1962, Dolphy departed and Jimmy Garrison replaced Workman as bassist. Jimmy Garrison ( March 3, 1933 &ndash April 7, 1976) was an American Jazz Double bassist best known for From then on, the "Classic Quartet", as it would come to be known, with Tyner, Garrison, and Jones, produced searching, spiritually driven work. Coltrane was moving toward a more harmonically static style that allowed him to expand his improvisations rhythmically, melodically, and motivically. Harmonically complex music was still present, but on stage Coltrane heavily favored continually reworking his "standards": "Impressions", "My Favorite Things", and "I Want to Talk about You. "

The criticism of the quintet with Dolphy may have had an impact on Coltrane. In contrast to the radicalism of Trane's 1961 recordings at the Village Vanguard, his studio albums in 1962 and 1963 (with the exception of Coltrane, which featured a blistering version of Harold Arlen's "Out of This World") were much more conservative and accessible. The Village Vanguard is a Jazz club in Greenwich Village in New York City. He recorded an album of ballads and participated in collaborations with Duke Ellington on the album Duke Ellington and John Coltrane and with deep-voiced ballad singer Johnny Hartman on the album John Coltrane and Johnny Hartman. Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington (April 29 1899 &ndash May 24 1974 was an American Composer, Pianist, and Bandleader. Duke Ellington & John Coltrane is a 1962 Album by Jazz musicians Duke Ellington and John Coltrane. John Maurice "Johnny" Hartman (born 13 july 1923 - died 15 september 1983 a baritone Jazz singer who is remembered for his smooth performances of jazz ballads is John Coltrane and Johnny Hartman is a 1963 (see 1963 in music) studio album featuring John Coltrane and Johnny Hartman. The Impulse compilation Coltrane For Lovers is largely drawn from these three albums. The album Ballads is emblematic of Coltrane's versatility, as the quartet shed new light on old-fashioned standards such as "It's Easy to Remember. " Despite a more polished approach in the studio, in concert the quartet continued to balance "standard" and its own more exploratory and challenging music, as can be seen on the Impressions album (two extended jams including the title track along with "Dear Old Stockholm", "After the Rain" and a blues), Coltrane at Newport (where he plays My Favorite Things) and Live at Birdland both from 1963. For other recordings of the same name see Live at Birdland (disambiguation Live at Birdland is a 1963 Coltrane later said he enjoyed having a "balanced catalogue. "

A Love Supreme

The Classic Quartet produced their most famous record, A Love Supreme, in December 1964. A Love Supreme is a Jazz Album released by John Coltrane 's quartet in 1965. A culmination of much of Coltrane's work up to this period, this four-part suite is an ode to his faith in and love for God (not necessarily God in the Christian sense — in the liner notes of Meditations he says "I believe in all religions"). These spiritual concerns would characterize much of Coltrane's composing and playing from this point onwards, as can be seen from album titles such as Ascension, Om and Meditations. The fourth movement of A Love Supreme, "Psalm", is, in fact, a musical setting for an original poem to God written by Coltrane, and printed in the album's liner notes. Coltrane plays almost exactly one note for each syllable of the poem, and bases his phrasing on the words. Despite its challenging musical content, the album was a commercial success by jazz standards, encapsulating both the internal and external energy of the quartet of Coltrane, Tyner, Jones and Garrison. Indeed the previous album Crescent recorded only a few months before already shows the adventurousness and rapport between these musicians. The album was composed at Coltrane's home in the Dix Hills neighborhood of Huntington, New York. The John Coltrane Home is the house in the Dix Hills neighborhood of Huntington New York where saxophonist John Coltrane resided from 1964 until his death Dix Hills is census-designated hamlet located in western Suffolk County New York on Long Island. The Town of Huntington is a town located on the North Shore of Long Island, in northwestern Suffolk County, New York.

The quartet only played A Love Supreme live once — in July 1965 at a concert in Antibes, France. Antibes ( Provençal Occitan: Antíbol in classical norm or Antibo in Mistralian norm is a resort town in the Alpes-Maritimes This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. By then, Coltrane's music had grown even more adventurous, and the performance provides an interesting contrast to the original.

Avant-garde jazz and the second quartet (1965–1967)

In his late period, Coltrane showed an increasing interest in avant-garde jazz, purveyed by Ornette Coleman, Albert Ayler, Sun Ra and others. Avant-garde jazz (also known as avant-jazz) is a style of music and Improvisation that combines Avant-garde Art music and composition with Ornette Coleman (born March 9, 1930) is an American saxophonist Violinist Trumpeter and Composer. Albert Ayler ( July 13, 1936 – November 1970 was an American avant-garde Jazz saxophonist, singer and Composer. Sun Ra (born Herman Poole Blount, Legal name Le Sony'r Ra; In developing his late style, Coltrane was especially influenced by the dissonance of Ayler's trio with bassist Gary Peacock and drummer Sunny Murray, a rhythm section honed with Cecil Taylor as leader. Gary Peacock (born 12 May 1935 in Burley Idaho) is an American Jazz Double-bassist. James Marcellus Arthur "Sunny" Murray (born Idabel Oklahoma in 1936 is one of the pioneers of the Free jazz style of Drumming Murray spent Cecil Percival Taylor (born March 15 or March 25, 1929 in New York City) is an American Pianist and poet Coltrane championed many younger free jazz musicians, (notably Archie Shepp), and under his influence Impulse! became a leading free jazz record label. Archie Shepp (born May 24, 1937) is a prominent American Jazz Saxophonist.

After recording A Love Supreme, Ayler's apocalyptic style became more prominent in Coltrane's music. A series of recordings with the Classic Quartet in the first half of 1965 show Coltrane's playing becoming increasingly abstract, with greater incorporation of devices like multiphonics, utilization of overtones, and playing in the altissimo register, as well as a mutated return to Coltrane's sheets of sound. Multiphonics is an Extended technique in instrumental music in which a monophonic instrument (one which generally produces only one note at a time is made to produce For Italian commune see Altissimo (commune. For the politician see Renato Altissimo. Sheets of sound was a term coined in 1958 by Down Beat magazine Jazz critic Ira Gitler to describe the new unique improvisational In the studio, he all but abandoned his soprano to concentrate on the tenor saxophone. In addition, the quartet responded to the leader by playing with increasing freedom. The group's evolution can be traced through the recordings The John Coltrane Quartet Plays, Living Space, Transition (both June 1965), New Thing at Newport (July 1965), Sun Ship (August 1965), and First Meditations (September 1965). The John Coltrane Quartet Plays is a 1965 Album by Jazz musician John Coltrane. Living Space is an Album recorded in 1965 by Jazz musician John Coltrane. Transition is an album of music by Jazz saxophonist John Coltrane. New Thing at Newport is a 1965 Album by Jazz musicians John Coltrane and Archie Shepp. Sun Ship is a jazz album recorded on August 26, 1965, by tenor saxophonist John Coltrane. First Meditations (for quartet is a 1965 album by John Coltrane.

In June 1965, he went into Van Gelder's studio with ten other musicians (including Shepp, Pharoah Sanders, Freddie Hubbard, Marion Brown, and John Tchicai) to record Ascension, a 40-minute long piece that included adventurous solos by the young avant-garde musicians (as well as Coltrane), and was controversial primarily for the collective improvisation sections that separated the solos. Pharoah Sanders (born October 13, 1940 Frederick Dewayne Hubbard (born April 7 1938 in Indianapolis, Indiana) is an American Jazz Trumpeter. Marion Brown (born 8 September 1935 in Atlanta, Georgia, USA) is a Jazz alto saxophonist and ethnomusicologist John Martin Tchicai (born April 28, 1936) is a Danish Jazz Saxophonist. This article is about the John Coltrane album For other uses of the term see Ascension. After recording with the quartet over the next few months, Coltrane invited Pharoah Sanders to join the band in September 1965. Pharoah Sanders (born October 13, 1940

By any measure, Sanders was one of the most abrasive, virtuosic saxophonists then playing. While Coltrane used over-blowing frequently as an emotional exclamation-point, Sanders would opt to overblow his entire solo, resulting in a constant screaming and screeching in the altissimo range of the instrument. The more Coltrane played with Sanders, the more he gravitated to Sanders' unique sound. John Gilmore was also a major influence on Coltrane's late-period music, as well. This article is about John Gilmore the jazz saxophonist See John Gilmore for other people with this name After hearing a Gilmore performance, Coltrane is reported to have said "He's got it! Gilmore's got the concept!"[1] He also took informal lessons from Gilmore.

Adding to the quartet

By late 1965, Coltrane was regularly augmenting his group with Sanders and other free jazz musicians. Rashied Ali joined the group as a second drummer. Rashied Ali (born Robert Patterson on 1 July 1935 in Philadelphia Pennsylvania) is an American Free jazz and avant-garde This was the end of the quartet; claiming he was unable to hear himself over the two drummers, Tyner left the band shortly after the recording of Meditations. Meditations is a 1965 album by John Coltrane. It features Coltrane and Pharoah Sanders as soloists both playing Tenor saxophones Jones left in early 1966, dissatisfied by sharing drumming duties with Ali. Both Tyner and Jones subsequently expressed displeasure in interviews, after Coltrane's death, with the music's new direction, while incorporating some of the free-jazz form's intensity into their own solo projects.

In 1965 Coltrane may have begun using LSD[2] - informing the sublime, "cosmic" transcendence of his late period, and also its incomprehensibility to many listeners. After Jones and Tyner's departures, Coltrane led a quintet with Pharoah Sanders on tenor saxophone, his new wife Alice Coltrane on piano, Jimmy Garrison on bass, and Rashied Ali on drums. The tenor saxophone is a medium-sized member of the Saxophone family a group of instruments invented by Adolphe Sax in the 1840s Alice Coltrane (neé McLeod) ( August 27 1937 &ndash January 12 2007) was an American Jazz Pianist Rashied Ali (born Robert Patterson on 1 July 1935 in Philadelphia Pennsylvania) is an American Free jazz and avant-garde Coltrane and Sanders were described by Nat Hentoff as "speaking in tongues. Nat Hentoff (born June 10, 1925) is an American Historian, Novelist, Jazz Critic, and Columnist for Glossolalia is commonly called "speaking in tongues" For other uses of "speaking in tongues" see Speaking in Tongues (disambiguation. " When touring, the group was known for playing very lengthy versions of their repertoire, with many stretching beyond 30 minutes and sometimes even being an hour long. Concert solos for band-members regularly were at least fifteen-minutes or longer.

Despite the radicalism of the horns, the rhythm section with Ali and Alice Coltrane had a more relaxed, random but meditative feel than with Jones and Tyner. The group can be heard on several live recordings from 1966, including Live at the Village Vanguard Again! and Live in Japan. Live At The Village Vanguard Again! is a jazz album by saxophonist John Coltrane. In 1967, Coltrane entered the studio several times; though pieces with Sanders have surfaced (the unusual "To Be", which features both men on flutes), most of the recordings were either with the quartet minus Sanders (Expression and Stellar Regions) or as a duo with Ali. Stellar Regions is a posthumous release by John Coltrane, discovered in 1994 by the artist's wife Alice Coltrane, who plays piano on the session The latter duo produced six performances which appear on the album Interstellar Space. Interstellar Space was the one of the final studio albums recorded by the saxophonist John Coltrane before his death in 1967 originally-released posthumously

Death (1967)

Coltrane died from liver cancer at Huntington Hospital in Long Island, NY on July 17, 1967, at the age of 40. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC also called hepatoma) is a primary malignancy (cancer of the Liver. Long Island is an island located in southeastern New York, USA, its western shores directly across from Manhattan, from which the island stretches Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. In a 1968 interview Albert Ayler revealed that Coltrane was consulting a Hindu meditative healer for his illness instead of Western medicine, though Alice Coltrane later denied this. Albert Ayler ( July 13, 1936 – November 1970 was an American avant-garde Jazz saxophonist, singer and Composer. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical Alice Coltrane (neé McLeod) ( August 27 1937 &ndash January 12 2007) was an American Jazz Pianist In any event, conventional treatment may have been ineffective.

The Coltrane family reportedly remains in possession of much more as-yet-unreleased music, mostly mono reference tapes made for the saxophonist and, as with the 1995 release Stellar Regions, master tapes that were checked out of the studio and never returned. The parent company of Impulse!, from 1965 to 1979 known as ABC Records, purged much of its unreleased material in the 1970s. ABC Records started in 1955 as ABC-Paramount Records the record label of Am-Par Record Corporation (a subsidiary of American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres [3] Biographer Lewis Porter has stated that Alice Coltrane intended to release this music, but over a long period of time, as her son Ravi Coltrane, responsible for reviewing the material, is also pursuing his own career. Lewis Porter is a jazz pianist and musicologist Life Dr Porter studied at the University of Rochester, followed by Master's degrees from Northeastern Alice Coltrane (neé McLeod) ( August 27 1937 &ndash January 12 2007) was an American Jazz Pianist Ravi Coltrane (b August 6 1965 in Long Island New York) is an American Post-bop, Jazz Saxophonist.

Religious beliefs

Coltrane was born and raised a Christian, and was in touch with religion and spirituality from childhood. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos Spirituality, in a narrow sense concerns itself with matters of the Spirit, a concept closely tied to religious belief and Faith, a transcendent reality As a youth, he practiced music in a southern African-American church. In A Night in Tunisia: Imaginings of Africa in Jazz, Norman Weinstein notes the parallel between Coltrane's music and his experience in the southern church.

In 1957 Coltrane began to shift spiritual directions. Two years earlier, he had married Juanita Naima Grubb, a Muslim convert, (for whom he later wrote the piece "Naima"), and came into contact with Islam, an experience that may have led him to overcome his addictions to alcohol and heroin; it was a period of "spiritual awakening" that helped him return to the jazz scene and eventually produce his greatest work. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Naima is a Ballad composed by John Coltrane in 1959 and named after his then-wife Juanita Naima Grubb. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. In Chemistry, an alcohol is any Organic compound in which a Hydroxyl group ( - O[[hydrogen H]]) is bound to a Carbon Heroin ( INN: diacetylmorphine, BAN: diamorphine) is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from Morphine, a derivative The journey took him through Islam. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Bassist Donald Garrett told Coltrane, "You've got to go to the source to learn anything, and Sufism is one of the best sources there is. Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفی‌گری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف "[4]

Coltrane also explored Hinduism, the Kabbala, Jiddu Krishnamurti, yoga, math, science, astrology, African history, and even Plato and Aristotle [2]. Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Jiddu Krishnamurti ( Telugu: జిడ్డు కృష్ణ మూర్తి or J Yoga ( Sanskrit: योग, IAST: yóga, joːgə refers to traditional physical and mental disciplines originating in India, to the Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding Astrology (from Greek grc ἄστρον astron, "constellation star" and grc -λογία -logia) is a group of Systems The history of Africa begins with the first emergence of Homo sapiens in East Africa, continuing into its modern present as a patchwork of Biography Early life Birth and family Plato was born in Athens Greece Aristotle (Greek Aristotélēs) (384 BC – 322 BC was a Greek philosopher a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. He notes. . . "During the year 1957, I experienced, by the grace of God, a spiritual awakening which was to lead me to a richer, fuller, more productive life. At that time, in gratitude, I humbly asked to be given the means and privilege to make others happy through music. "[5] In his 1965 album Meditations, Coltrane wrote about uplifting people, ". Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. . . To inspire them to realize more and more of their capacities for living meaningful lives. Because there certainly is meaning to life. "[6]

In October 1965, Coltrane recorded Om, referring to the sacred syllable in Hindu religion, which symbolizes the infinite or the entire Universe. Om is a 1965 album by John Coltrane. In October 1965 Coltrane recorded Om, referring to the sacred syllable in Hindu religion Aum (also Om) ॐ is a mystical or sacred Syllable in the Hindu, Jain and Buddhist religions Coltrane described Om as the "first syllable, the primal word, the word of power". The 29-minute recording contains chants from the Bhagavad-Gita, a Hindu epic. A 1966 recording, issued posthumously, has Coltrane and Pharoah Sanders chanting from a Buddhist text, The Tibetan Book of the Dead, and reciting a passage describing the primal verbalization "om" as a cosmic/spiritual common denominator in all things. Pharoah Sanders (born October 13, 1940 Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices

Coltrane's spiritual journey was interwoven with his investigation into world music. The term world music includes Traditional music (sometimes called Folk music or roots music of any culture that are created and played by indigenous musicians He believed not only in a universal musical structure which transcended ethnic distinctions, but in being able to harness the mystical language of music itself. Musical languages are Languages based on Musical sounds either instead of or in addition to Articulation. Coltrane's study of Indian music led him to believe that certain sounds and scales could "produce specific emotional meanings" (impressions). The music of India' includes multiple varieties of folk, popular, pop, and classical music. A mantra ( Devanāgarī मन्त्र (or mantram is a religious or mystical syllable or poem typically from the Sanskrit language In Hinduism and Buddhism, the Sanskrit term bīja ( Jp. 種子 shuji literally Seed, is used as a metaphor for the origin or cause According to Coltrane, the goal of a musician was to understand these forces, control them, and elicit a response from the audience. Like Pythagoras and his followers who believed music could cure illness, Coltrane said: "I would like to bring to people something like happiness. "Pythagoras of Samos" redirects here For the Samian statuary of the same name see Pythagoras (sculptor. I would like to discover a method so that if I want it to rain, it will start right away to rain. If one of my friends is ill, I'd like to play a certain song and he will be cured; when he'd be broke, I'd bring out a different song and immediately he'd receive all the money he needed. "

Legacy

John Coltrane House
(U.S. National Historic Landmark)
Location: 1511 North 33rd Street
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Coordinates: 39°58′49.15″N 75°11′20.9″W / 39.9803194, -75.189139Coordinates: 39°58′49.15″N 75°11′20.9″W / 39.9803194, -75.189139
Architect: Wilson, E. John Coltrane House was the home of saxophonist and jazz pioneer John Coltrane from 1952 until 1964 The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A National Historic Landmark (NHL is a Building, site, Structure, Object, or District, that is officially recognized by the Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A.
Architectural style(s): Colonial Revival
Added to NRHP: January 20, 1999[7]
NRHP Reference#: 99000628[8]
Governing body: Private

Although some jazz listeners still consider the late Coltrane albums to contain little more than cacophony, many of these late recordings — among them Ascension, Meditations and the posthumous Interstellar Space are widely considered masterpieces. The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP is the United States government's official list of districts sites buildings structures and objects deemed worthy of Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar)

The music of Coltrane's modal and Village Vanguard period was the admitted principal influence on what was arguably the first jazz-rock fusion recording, the Byrds' "Eight Miles High" (December 1965). Fusion or more specifically jazz fusion or jazz rock, is a Musical genre that merges Jazz with elements of other styles of music particularly The Byrds were a popular American rock band formed in Los Angeles, California in 1964 Some of Coltrane's other innovations would be incorporated into the fusion movement, but with diminishing returns of spiritual fervency and earnestness.

The influence Coltrane has had on music spans many different genres and musicians. For example, Jimi Hendrix, John McLaughlin, Carlos Santana, Primal Scream, Jah Wobble, Tom Verlaine, Allan Holdsworth, Jerry Garcia, the Stooges, The Doors, Erykah Badu, Mike Watt, Phil Lesh, OutKast, Christian Vander, and Duane Allman have cited Coltrane's work as inspiration. James Marshall Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix) (November 27 1942 – September 18 1970 was an American Guitarist, Singer and Songwriter John McLaughlin may refer to John McLaughlin (host (b 1927 former Jesuit priest host of The McLaughlin Group John McLaughlin For the Costa Rican football player see Carlos Santana (footballer; for the Mexican academic see Carlos Santana Morales. Primal Scream are a Brit-nominated Scottish Alternative rock group formed in 1982 in Glasgow by Bobby Gillespie ( vocals Jah Wobble (born John Wardle, in Stepney in 1958 is an English Bass guitarist singer Poet and Composer. Tom Verlaine (born Thomas Miller, December 13 1949, in Morristown New Jersey) is a Singer, Songwriter and Guitarist Allan Holdsworth (born August 6, 1946 in Bradford, West Yorkshire) is a British Jazz / rock Guitarist Jerome John "Jerry" Garcia (August 1 1942 &ndash August 9 1995 was a Musician, Songwriter, Artist, and Lead guitarist and The Stooges are an American rock band that was active from 1967 to 1974 then reformed in 2003 This article is about the band For their self-titled debut album see The Doors (album; for the Oliver Stone film see The Doors (film; for Doors in computing Erica Abi Wright (born February 26 1971 better known by her Stage name Erykah Badu is a Grammy -nominated American soul Michael David Watt (born December 20, 1957 in Portsmouth Virginia) is an American Bass guitarist singer and Songwriter. Phillip Chapman Lesh (born March 15, 1940 in Berkeley California) is a Musician and a founding member of the Grateful Dead. Outkast (typeset as OutKast) is a Grammy Award -winning American hip hop duo based out of East Point Georgia, a city Howard Duane Allman (November 20 1946 – October 29 1971 was an American, Lead guitarist of the Southern rock group The Allman Brothers Band

Coltrane's massive influence on jazz, both mainstream and avant-garde, began during his lifetime and continued to grow after his death. He is one of the most dominant influences on post-1960 jazz saxophonists and has inspired an entire generation of jazz musicians. In 1965, he was inducted into the Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame, and was posthumously awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1992. Down Beat is an American Magazine devoted to "jazz blues and beyond" to indicate its expansion beyond the jazz realm which it covered exclusively The Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award is awarded by the Recording Academy to "performers who during their lifetimes have made creative contributions of outstanding

His widow, Alice Coltrane, after several decades of seclusion, briefly regained a public profile before her death in 2007. Alice Coltrane (neé McLeod) ( August 27 1937 &ndash January 12 2007) was an American Jazz Pianist Coltrane's son, Ravi Coltrane, named after the great Indian sitarist Ravi Shankar, whom Coltrane greatly admired, has followed in his father's footsteps and is a prominent contemporary saxophonist. Ravi Coltrane (b August 6 1965 in Long Island New York) is an American Post-bop, Jazz Saxophonist. Pandit Ravi Shankar ( রবি শংকর Devanagari: रविशंकर "Pandit" ( Sanskrit, "learned" is honorific born April

The Saint John Coltrane African Orthodox Church, an African Orthodox Church in San Francisco, has recognized Coltrane as a saint since 1971. The African Orthodox Church is a primarily African-American denomination in the Anglican tradition founded in the United States in 1919 The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city A saint (from the Latin sanctus) is a human being to whom has been attributed (and who has generally demonstrated a high level of Holiness and Sanctity [9] Their services incorporate Coltrane's music, using his lyrics as prayers. [10] A documentary on Coltrane, featuring the church, was produced for the BBC in 2004 and is presented by Alan Yentob. Alan Yentob (born 11 March 1947 is a British Television executive [11]

His former home in Philadelphia was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1999. A National Historic Landmark (NHL is a Building, site, Structure, Object, or District, that is officially recognized by the

See also: John Coltrane House

Select Discography

Main article: John Coltrane discography

Early Career As sideman

Early solo period, at Prestige and Blue Note

Middle period - Atlantic Records (May 1959 - October 1960)

Later period

Final sessions

Further reading

See also

Samples

Giant Steps

From Giant Steps (1960)
Problems listening to the file? See media help. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States

External links

References

  1. ^ Corbett, John. Find A Grave is a Website allowing its users to access maintain and expand an online Database of Burial records 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor John Gilmore: The Hard Bop Homepage. Eric B. Olsen. Down Beat. Down Beat is an American Magazine devoted to "jazz blues and beyond" to indicate its expansion beyond the jazz realm which it covered exclusively Retrieved on 2007-12-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe.
  2. ^ Porter 1998, pp. 265-266.
  3. ^ "ABC-Paramount Records Story", by David Edwards, Patrice Eyries, and Mike Callahan, Both Sides Now website, retrieved January 29, 2007. Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  4. ^ Citation Needed
  5. ^ Moustafa Bayoumi, an associate professor of English at Brooklyn College, City University of New York, argues that Coltrane's "A Love Supreme" features Coltrane chanting, "Allah Supreme". Brooklyn College is a senior college of the City University of New York, located in Brooklyn New York. The City University of New York (CUNY Acronym ˈkjuːni is the public University system of New York City. Allah ( Arabic: الله, ʔalˤːɑːh) is the standard Arabic word for ' [1] Most Coltrane scholars (Lewis Porter among them) dispute this though, suggesting that Coltrane had abandoned Islam (and, indeed, organized religion in general) by 1964. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation.
  6. ^ "John Coltrane, Avant Garde Jazz, and the Evolution of 'My Favorite Things'", thesis by Scott Anderson, Spring 1996, accessed at http://room34.com/coltrane/
  7. ^ Listing at the National Park Service
  8. ^ National Register Information System. The National Park Service ( NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service (2007-01-23). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor
  9. ^ Saint John Coltrane African Orthodox Church web site
  10. ^ Article "The Jazz Church" by Gordon Polatnick at www. elvispelvis. com
  11. ^ 2004 BBC documentary on the Saint John Coltrane African Orthodox Church at www. The African Orthodox Church is a primarily African-American denomination in the Anglican tradition founded in the United States in 1919 diverse. tv
Persondata
NAME Coltrane, John William
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION Jazz saxophonist
DATE OF BIRTH September 23, 1926
PLACE OF BIRTH Hamlet, North Carolina
DATE OF DEATH July 17, 1967, liver cancer
PLACE OF DEATH Long Island, New York
Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Hamlet is a city in Richmond County, North Carolina, United States. Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC also called hepatoma) is a primary malignancy (cancer of the Liver. Long Island is an island located in southeastern New York, USA, its western shores directly across from Manhattan, from which the island stretches
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