John of Valois, the Magnificent, (November 30, 1340 – March 15, 1416) was Duke of Berry and Auvergne and Count of Poitiers and Montpensier. The Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry or simply the Très Riches Heures ( The Very Rich Hours of the Duke of Berry) is a very richly decorated Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, The title of Duke of Berry ( duc de Berry) in the French Nobility was frequently created for junior members of the French royal family. This is a list of the various rulers of Auvergne. History In the 7th century Auvergne was disputed between the Franks and Aquitanians Among the men who have borne the title of Count of Poitiers (or Poitou, in what is now France but in the Middle Ages became The French lordship of Montpensier (named after the village of Montpensier, département of Puy-de-Dôme) located in historical He was the third son of King John II of France and Bonne of Luxemburg; his brothers were Charles V, King of France, Louis I of Anjou, King of Naples and Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy. John II (16 April 1319 &ndash 8 April 1364 called John the Good (Jean le Bon was Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, and Duke of Normandy Bonne of Luxemburg (also Bona ( May 20, 1315 &ndash September 11, 1349) was born Jutta the daughter of John the Blind of Luxemburg Charles V ( 21 January 1338 – 16 September 1380) called the Wise, was King of France from 1364 to his death and a member Louis I of Anjou ( July 23, 1339 &ndash September 20, 1384) was the second son of King John II of France and Bonne of Luxembourg Philip the Bold (Philippe le Hardi also Philip II Duke of Burgundy ( January 15, 1342, Pontoise &ndash April 27, 1404 Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Saône which
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Biography
He was born at Vincennes. Vincennes is a commune of the Val-de-Marne located in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France.
Upon the death of his older brother Charles V in 1380, his son and heir, Charles VI was a minor, so Berry and his brothers, along with the king's maternal uncle the Duke of Bourbon acted as regents. Charles VI (3 December 1368 &ndash 21 October 1422 called the Well-loved (le Bien-Aimé and the Mad (French le Fol or le Fou) was the Louis II of Bourbon, called the Good (1337 &ndash 1410 Montlucon) was the third Duke of Bourbon. Following the death of Louis of Anjou in 1384, Berry and his brother Burgundy were the dominant figures in the kingdom. The king ended the regency and took power into his own hands in 1388, giving the governance of the kingdom largely to his father's former ministers, who were political enemies of the king's powerful uncles. Berry and Burgundy bided their time, and were soon able to retake power, in 1392, when the King had his first attack of insanity, an affliction which would remain with him throughout his life. The two royal dukes continued to rule until 1402, when the king, in one of his moments of lucidity, took power from them and gave it to his brother Louis, Duke of Orleans. Louis of Valois ( March 13 1372 &ndash November 23 1407) was Duke of Orléans from 1392 to his death
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Simon of Cramaud, a canonist and prelate, served the Duke in his efforts to find a way to end the Great Western schism that was not unfavorable to French interests. For the Direct Capetians, who ruled France 987&ndash1328 see the House of Capet. See also France in the Middle Ages, Early Modern France Unexpected inheritance The Capetian dynasty seemed secure both during and Philip VI (1293 &ndash 22 August 1350) known as the Fortunate ( French: le Fortuné) and of Valois, was the John II (16 April 1319 &ndash 8 April 1364 called John the Good (Jean le Bon was Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, and Duke of Normandy John II (16 April 1319 &ndash 8 April 1364 called John the Good (Jean le Bon was Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, and Duke of Normandy Charles V ( 21 January 1338 – 16 September 1380) called the Wise, was King of France from 1364 to his death and a member Louis I of Anjou ( July 23, 1339 &ndash September 20, 1384) was the second son of King John II of France and Bonne of Luxembourg Philip the Bold (Philippe le Hardi also Philip II Duke of Burgundy ( January 15, 1342, Pontoise &ndash April 27, 1404 Charles V ( 21 January 1338 – 16 September 1380) called the Wise, was King of France from 1364 to his death and a member Charles VI (3 December 1368 &ndash 21 October 1422 called the Well-loved (le Bien-Aimé and the Mad (French le Fol or le Fou) was the Louis of Valois ( March 13 1372 &ndash November 23 1407) was Duke of Orléans from 1392 to his death Charles VI (3 December 1368 &ndash 21 October 1422 called the Well-loved (le Bien-Aimé and the Mad (French le Fol or le Fou) was the Isabella of Valois ( 9 November, 1389 – 13 September, 1409) was a Princess of France, daughter of King Charles VI Catherine of Valois (27 October 1401 &ndash 3 January 1437 was the Queen consort of England from 1420 until 1422 Charles VII (22 February 1403 – 22 July 1461 called the Victorious (le Victorieux or the Well-Served (le Bien-Servi was King of France from 1422 Charles VII (22 February 1403 – 22 July 1461 called the Victorious (le Victorieux or the Well-Served (le Bien-Servi was King of France from 1422 Louis XI ( July 3, 1423 – August 30, 1483) called the Prudent (le Prudent and the Universal Spider ( Middle Charles de Valois ( 26 December 1446 &ndash 24 May 1472) was the son of Charles VII, King of France and Marie of Anjou Louis XI ( July 3, 1423 – August 30, 1483) called the Prudent (le Prudent and the Universal Spider ( Middle Charles VIII, called the Affable (l'Affable 30 June 1470 &ndash 7 April 1498 was King of France from 1483 to his death Charles VIII, called the Affable (l'Affable 30 June 1470 &ndash 7 April 1498 was King of France from 1483 to his death Simon de Cramaud (c 1345 – January 19, 1423, in Poitiers) was a Catholic bishop titular Latin Patriarch of Alexandria, and cardinal during
In his later years, John became more of a consensual figure in France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. After the death of Philip the Bold in 1404, he was the last survivor of the sons of King John, and generally tried to play the role of a peacemaker between the factions of his nephews Orleans and John the Fearless. Louis of Valois ( March 13 1372 &ndash November 23 1407) was Duke of Orléans from 1392 to his death John the Fearless (Jean sans Peur also John II Duke of Burgundy, known as John of Valois and John of Burgundy ( May 28 1371 After the murder of Orleans at the orders of the Duke of Burgundy, Berry generally took the Orleanist or Armagnac side in the civil war that erupted, but was always a moderate figure, attempting to reconcile the two sides and promote internal peace. It was largely due to his urging that Charles VI and his sons were not present at the Battle of Agincourt in 1415. The Battle of Agincourt was an English victory against a larger French army in the Hundred Years' War. Remembering his father's fate as a captive after the Battle of Poitiers 59 years before, Berry feared the fate of France should the king and his heirs be taken captive, and successfully prevented their participation. He died a few months after the battle, which proved as disastrous as he had feared.
Family and Children
John of Berry had the following issue by his first wife, Joanna of Armagnac (1346–1387):
- Charles of Berry, Count of Montpensier (1362–1382)
- John de Valois, Count of Montpensier, (1363–1402), married Princess Catherine of France, daughter of Charles V, King of France
- Louis of Berry (1364–1383)
- Bonne of Berry (1365–1435), married Amadeus VII of Savoy and Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac
- Marie of Berry, Duchess of Auvergne (1367–1434), married: 1) Louis III of Châtillon, 2) Philip of Artois, Count of Eu; 3) John I, Duke of Bourbon
He married secondly Jeanne d'Auvergne. The French lordship of Montpensier (named after the village of Montpensier, département of Puy-de-Dôme) located in historical Charles V ( 21 January 1338 – 16 September 1380) called the Wise, was King of France from 1364 to his death and a member Bonne of Berry (1365-1435 was the daughter of John Duke of Berry. Amadeus VII (1360 &ndash November 1 1391) surnamed the Red Count, was Count of Savoy from 1383 to 1391 Bernard VII Count of Armagnac (1360 &ndash 12 June 1418) was the Count of Charolais, Count of Armagnac, and Constable of France. Marie of Berry ( 1367 - 1434) was the daughter of John duke of Berry. This is a list of the various rulers of Auvergne. History In the 7th century Auvergne was disputed between the Franks and Aquitanians Louis III of Châtillon (d July 15, 1391) was the son of Guy II of Blois-Châtillon and Marie of Namur Philip of Artois (1358 &ndash June 16, 1397, Micalizo) son of John of Artois Count of Eu and Isabeau of Melun was Count of Eu John I of Bourbon (1381&ndash1434 was Duke of Bourbon, from 1410 to his death and Duke of Auvergne since 1416
Art Patron
John of Berry was also a notable patron who among other works commissioned the most famous Book of Hours, the Très Riches Heures. A book of hours is the most common type of surviving Medieval Illuminated manuscript. The Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry or simply the Très Riches Heures ( The Very Rich Hours of the Duke of Berry) is a very richly decorated His spending on his art collection severely taxed his estates, and he was deeply in debt when he died in 1416 at Paris.
The web site of the Louvre says of him:[1]
| “ | By his exacting taste, by his tireless search for artists, from Jacquemart de Hesdin to the Limbourg brothers, Jean de Berry made a decisive contribution to the renewal of art which took place in his time and to a number of religious houses, notably Notre Dame de Paris. The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France Jacquemart de Hesdin (c 1355– c 1414 was a French miniature painter working in the International Gothic style The Limbourg brothers, or in Dutch Gebroeders van Limburg ( Herman, Paul, and Johan; fl NotreDameFlyingButtressjpg|right|thumb|250px|Notre Dame de Paris Flying Buttress]] Notre Dame de Paris is a Gothic Cathedral on the eastern half of the | ” |
See also
Footnotes
- ^ Dossier thématique : La France en 1400 : Jean de Berry at museedulouvre. Jacquemart de Hesdin (c 1355– c 1414 was a French miniature painter working in the International Gothic style fr (accessed 20 February 2008), translated by Xn4
| Preceded by: — |
Count of Poitiers 1357–1416 |
Succeeded by: to royal domain |
| Count of Mâcon c. Among the men who have borne the title of Count of Poitiers (or Poitou, in what is now France but in the Middle Ages became 1360–1372 |
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| Count of Angoulême and Saintonge bef. Angoulême ( Angoumois) in western France was part of the Carolingian empire as the kingdom of Aquitaine. 1372–1374 |
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| Duke of Berry 1360–1416 |
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| Count of Étampes 1399–1416 |
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| Duke of Auvergne 1360–1416 |
Succeeded by: Marie |
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| Preceded by Aliénor de Comminges |
Count of Auvergne and Boulogne by marriage with Joanna II 1394–1416 |
Succeeded by George de Tremoille |
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