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Johannes Zukertort
Zukertort, early 1880s
Full nameJohannes Hermann Zukertort
CountryFlag of Poland Poland Flag of German Empire German Empire
Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom
BornSeptember 7, 1842(1842-09-07)
Lublin, Congress Poland
DiedJune 20, 1888 (aged 45)
London, England

Johannes Hermann Zukertort (7 September 1842 – 20 June 1888) was a leading chess master of German-Polish-Jewish origin. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Year 1842 ( MDCCCXLII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Lublin is the largest city in eastern Poland and the capital of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 355954 Congress Poland Kongresówka, officially and formally Kingdom of Poland (Królestwo Polskie {{IPA-pl|'|p|o|l|s|kʲ|e}} Царство Польское Tsarstvo Polskoye Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Year 1888 ( MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Year 1842 ( MDCCCXLII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Year 1888 ( MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a A chess master is a Chess player of such skill that he/she can usually beat Chess experts who themselves typically can nearly always prevail against most amateurs Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ He was the "world number two" for most of the 1870s and 1880s behind Wilhelm Steinitz, who won both of the matches they played (1872 and 1886). Wilhelm (later William) Steinitz ( May 17, 1836 – August 12, 1900) was an Austrian - American Their 1886 contest is often described as the first recognized World Chess Championship match, but it simply resolved competing claims to a title that was already in use. See also Development of the World Chess Championship The World Chess Championship is played to determine the World Champion in the Board game Chess

Zukertort filled his relatively short life with a wide range of other achievements as a soldier, musician, linguist, journalist and political activist.

Contents

Early life and non-chess achievements

Zukertort was born 7 September, 1842 in Lublin, Congress Poland. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Lublin is the largest city in eastern Poland and the capital of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 355954 Congress Poland Kongresówka, officially and formally Kingdom of Poland (Królestwo Polskie {{IPA-pl|'|p|o|l|s|kʲ|e}} Царство Польское Tsarstvo Polskoye His father was a Christian Protestant missionary of Jewish origin. A missionary is a member of a Religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith someone who proselytizes. The Christian mission among the Jewish population in Russian-occupied Poland was considered an illegal activity. Therefore, the Zukertort family emigrated to Prussia. Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state In 1861, he enrolled at the University of Breslau to study medicine; he later claimed that he completed his degree, but this has been disputed. The University of Wrocław (Uniwersytet Wrocławski Universität Breslau Universitas Wratislaviensis is one of nine universities in Wrocław, Poland Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the In any case he met Adolf Anderssen while in Breslaua and fell in love with chess. Karl Ernst Adolf Anderssen ( July 6, 1818 - March 13, 1879) was a German Chess master. [1]

This new passion did not prevent Zukertort from distinguishing himself in other ways. He became fluent in a wide range of languages (perhaps as many as 14). He fought for Prussia against Austria, Denmark, and France; was once left for dead on the battlefield; and was decorated for gallantry 9 times; and he was noted as a swordsman and marksman. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. He was an accomplished pianist and, for a while, a music critic. He even found time for political activity, as editor of a political paper, a writer for Bismark's newpaper, the Allgemeine Zeitung, and as a leading spokesman for prison reform. for the Namibian daily newspaper see Allgemeine Zeitung (Namibia The Allgemeine Zeitung was in the first part of the 19th century Prison reform is the attempt to improve conditions inside Prisons aiming at a more effective Penal system. [1]

Chess career

In Breslau Zukertort met the leading chess player Adolf Anderssen and studied with him. Karl Ernst Adolf Anderssen ( July 6, 1818 - March 13, 1879) was a German Chess master. Among many other notable matches he played with Anderssen, he defeated him in 1866, lost in 1868 by a score of eight wins, three losses, one draw, and finally defeated him convincingly (5-2; no draws) in a match in 1871. [2][3] In 1867 he moved to Berlin and in 1872 to London. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. In that year, he played Wilhelm Steinitz in London, losing 9-3 (7 losses, 1 win, 4 draws). Wilhelm (later William) Steinitz ( May 17, 1836 – August 12, 1900) was an Austrian - American [3]

Although Zukertort lost both his matches against Steinitz, he proved that he was superior to other opponents throughout the late 1870s and early 1880s. [4] During this period top-class tournaments were rare[5] and Zukertort's best performances were mostly in matches, notably against Anderssen in 1871 and Joseph Henry Blackburne in 1881 (6 wins, 2 losses, 5 draws). Joseph Henry Blackburne ( December 10, 1841 – September 1, 1924) nicknamed "Black Death" dominated British Chess [4][6] Nonetheless Zukertort was one of the most successful tournament players of his time: 3rd behind Steinitz and Blackburne at London, 1872; 1st at Cologne and 2nd at Leipzig in 1877; tied for 1st with Simon Winawer at the Paris International Chess Congress in 1878 and beat Winawer in the play-off; 2nd at Berlin in 1881, behind Blackburne; tied for 4th at Vienna in 1882; 1st at London in 1883, 3 points ahead of Steinitz. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. This sort of fix restores section edit linkpoints to where they belong Szymon Abramowicz Winawer ( March 6 1838 – January 12 1920) born in Warsaw, Poland, was a leading Chess player Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. [1]

Zukertort's win in the 1883 London tournament was his most significant success, since: it was at that time the strongest tournament ever held;[4] he won his games against most of the world's leading players, scoring 22/26; he finished 3 points ahead of Steinitz, who was second with 19/26. [7] This tournament established that Steinitz and Zukertort were clearly the best two players in the world, and led to the World Chess Championship match between these two. See also Development of the World Chess Championship The World Chess Championship is played to determine the World Champion in the Board game Chess [8] At the time the match was not regarded as creating the title of "World Chess Champion" but rather as resolving conflicting claims to the title; the term "World Chess Champion" had already been applied to Howard Staunton and then to Paul Morphy in the 1850s. (1 removed from infobox|worldchampion = 1843-1851 (Unofficial (2 Mark Weeks has material and sources at http//mark_weeks Disambiguation Morphy redirects here For the fictional character nicknamed Morphy see King Morpheus. [9]

The 1886 World Chess Championship match lasted from 11 January to 29 March 1886. The World Chess Championship 1886 was the first official World Chess Championship match contested by Wilhelm Steinitz and Johannes Zukertort. Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Year 1886 ( MDCCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common After building up a 4-1 lead Zukertort wilted, lost 4 of the last 5 games and lost the match by 12½-7½. [10]

After this defeat, Zukertort's health suffered and he was a greatly weakened player for the remaining two years of his life. Diagnoses of his ailments include rheumatism, coronary heart disease, kidney problems, and arteriosclerosis. Rheumatism or Rheumatic disorder is a non-specific term for medical problems affecting the Heart, Bones Joints Kidney, Skin Coronary disease (or coronary heart disease) refers to the failure of Coronary circulation to supply adequate circulation to Cardiac muscle and surrounding The kidneys are complicated organs that have numerous biological roles Arteriosclerosis refers to a hardening of medium and large Arteries. His results after the 1886 match declined steeply: 7th at London and 3rd at Nottingham in 1886; 15th at Frankfurt and 4th at London in 1887; lost a match in 1887 against Blackburne (1 win, 5 losses, and 8 draws); 7th at London in 1888. Nottingham ( is a city in the Ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire, England. [1]

Poor health and lack of physical stamina appeared to be one of Zukertort's two long-term weaknesses: some commentators attributed to illness the severity of his defeat in the 1972 match against Steinitz;[9] in the 1883 London tournament he won 22 of his first 23 games, enough to give him an uncatchable lead, but lost his last 3 games; and he initially built up a 4-1 lead against Steinitz in 1886, but then his performance sharply deteriorated. [11][10] His other weakness was that, while no-one had greater attacking flair, Zukertort never approached Steinitz' understanding of positional play and Steinitz often out-maneuvered him fairly simply. [5]

Unlike the majority of attacking players, Zukertort preferred openings such as 1. c4 and 1. Nf3 that were closed or semi-closed and offered the possibility of transpositions - in fact in the early 1880s 1. A transposition in Chess is a sequence of moves that results in a position which may also be reached by another more common sequence of moves Nf3 was known as "Zukertort’s Opening", 40 years before it became known as the Réti Opening. The Réti Opening (also called the Zukertort Opening) is a Chess opening characterized by the opening move 1 [5][12]

In his prime Zukertort also excelled at playing while blindfolded. Blindfold chess is a way to play Chess, whereby play is conducted without the players having sight of the positions of the pieces or any physical contact with them In 1876, he played sixteen games simultaneously while blindfolded, winning twelve and losing only one. [1]

Later life

Zukertort died 20 June, 1888, in London from a cerebral hemorrhage after playing a game in a tournament Simpson's Divan, which he was leading at the time. Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. A cerebral hemorrhage (or intracerebral hemorrhage, ICH) is a subtype of Intracranial hemorrhage that occurs within the Brain tissue itself Simpson's-in-the-Strand is one of London 's most renowned traditional English restaurants and banqueting suites [1] He is buried in Brompton Cemetery in London. Brompton Cemetery is located near Earl's Court in West Brompton, a part of the Borough of Kensington & Chelsea in west London England

Trivia

It is said that Steinitz and Zukertort, present at the same dinner party, both rose in response to a toast to the "greatest chess-player in the world". Research by Edward G. Winter suggests that this story has been embellished. Edward Winter is a British Journalist, Archivist, Historian, Collector and Author about the game of Chess. [13]

Notable chess games

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Johannes Zukertort by Bill Wall.
  2. ^ Bill Wall's Chess Master Profiles: Adolf Anderssen (1818-1879).
  3. ^ a b Chess Matches: from Lopez to Kramnik.
  4. ^ a b c Chessmetrics Player Profile: Johannes Zukertort.
  5. ^ a b c d Fine, R. (1952). The World's Great Chess Games. Andre Deutsch (now as paperback from Dover).  
  6. ^ [http://www.chessarch.com/excavations/0010_bla_zuk/1881blzu.shtml The Blackburne-Zukertort Match, London 1881].
  7. ^ Mark Weeks' Chess Pages: 1883 1883 London Tournament.
  8. ^ "The Centenary Match, Kasparov-Karpov III", Raymond Keene and David Goodman, Batsford 1986, p. Raymond Dennis Keene OBE (born 29 January 1948) is a Chess grandmaster, but is better known as a chess organiser columnist and author 9
  9. ^ a b Winter, E. . Early Uses of ‘World Chess Champion’.
  10. ^ a b World Chess Championship: 1886 Steinitz - Zukertort Title Match.
  11. ^ World Chess Champions: Wilhelm Steinitz.
  12. ^ Soltis, A. (2007). Andrew Soltis (born May 28 1947) is a Chess author and columnist as well as a Grandmaster. Transpo Tricks in Chess. Batsford. ISBN 0713490519.   See review at Transpo Tricks in Chess - review. chessville. com.
  13. ^ Chess Notes 4360, by Edward G. Winter, 13 May 2006

External links

Edward Winter is a British Journalist, Archivist, Historian, Collector and Author about the game of Chess. ChessGamescom is a large Chess community on the Internet with over 100000 members
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