| Johannes Blaskowitz | |
|---|---|
| 10 July 1883 — 5 February 1948 (aged 64) | |
 Johannes von Blaskowitz |
|
| Place of birth | Peterswalde, Kreis Wehlau (East Prussia) |
| Place of death | Nuremberg |
| Allegiance |  German Empire (to 1918) Weimar Republic (to 1933) Nazi Germany |
| Years of service | 1901 - 1945 |
| Rank | Generaloberst |
| Commands held | 8. Armee 9. Armee 1. Armee Heeresgruppe G Heeresgruppe H |
| Battles/wars | World War I World War II |
| Awards | Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords |
Johannes von Blaskowitz (10 July 1883 - 5 February 1948) was a German general during World War II. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Znamensk (; Vėluva Welawa is a settlement in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. East Prussia (Ostpreußen; Rytų Prūsija or Rytprūsiai; Prusy Wschodnie Восточная Пруссия or Vostochnaya Prussiya) refers to the main part The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification The term Weimar Republic ( ˈvaɪmarɐ repuˈbliːk is used by historians to signify the democratic and Republican period of Germany from 1919 to 1933 Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Colonel General is a senior Military rank which is used in some of the world’s militaries The 8th Army (German 8 Armee Oberkommando) was a World War I and World War II field army The 9th Army (9 Armee was a World War II field army The 9th Army was activated on May 15, 1940 with General Johannes Blaskowitz in command The 1st Army (German 1 Armee) was a World War I and World War II field army The German Army Group G ( Heeresgruppe G) fought on the Western Front of World War II and was a component of OB West. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross ( German language: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes, often simply Ritterkreuz) was a grade of the Iron Cross Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including
Contents |
Early years
Johannes Blaskowitz was born on February 5, 1883, in Peterswalde, Kreis Wehlau (East Prussia). Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Znamensk (; Vėluva Welawa is a settlement in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. East Prussia (Ostpreußen; Rytų Prūsija or Rytprūsiai; Prusy Wschodnie Восточная Пруссия or Vostochnaya Prussiya) refers to the main part His father was a Lutheran pastor. In 1894, von Blaskowitz joined cadet school at Köslin (Koszalin) and also afterwards at Berlin Lichterfelde. Koszalin (Köslin; Kòszalëno Scurgum is the largest city of Middle Pomerania in north-western Poland. Koszalin (Köslin; Kòszalëno Scurgum is the largest city of Middle Pomerania in north-western Poland. Lichterfelde is a locality in the borough of Steglitz-Zehlendorf in Berlin, Germany. In 1899, he started his military career as a Fähnrich in an East Prussian regiment in Osterode (Ostróda). Ostróda ( is a town in Ostróda County in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland, with 33603 inhabitants as of January 1 2005 During the First World War, he served at the Eastern and the Western Front and was employed in the Generalstab. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Eastern Front was a theatre of war during World War I in Central and primarily Eastern Europe. Following the outbreak of World War I in 1914 the German army opened the Western Front by first invading Luxembourg and Belgium, then gaining The German General Staff ( Großer Generalstab literally Great General Staff) was an institution whose rise and development gave the German military a decided After the war he continued his service in the Reichswehr during the Weimar Republic. The Reichswehr ( German for "National Defence" formed the military organisation of Germany from 1919 until 1935 when it was The term Weimar Republic ( ˈvaɪmarɐ repuˈbliːk is used by historians to signify the democratic and Republican period of Germany from 1919 to 1933 His attitude towards the Nazi's Machtergreifung was reportedly indifferent because he believed that the armed forces should be "politically neutral". Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Machtergreifung ( is a German word meaning "seizure of power"
Poland 1939
During the Invasion of Poland that began World War II, he commanded the German Eighth Army which participated Battle of the Bzura. The Invasion of Poland (1939 precipitated World War II. It was carried out by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small German-allied World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The 8th Army (German 8 Armee Oberkommando) was a World War I and World War II field army The Battle of the Bzura (or Kutno or Battle of Kutno - German name was a battle in the opening campaign of World War II during the 1939 Due to poor performance during the battle he was the only German army commander not awarded by Hitler with Marshal rank after the Polish Campaign. Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately Marshal (also sometimes spelled marshall in American English, but not in British English) is a word used in several official titles of various branches The Invasion of Poland (1939 precipitated World War II. It was carried out by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small German-allied He was Commander-in-Chief East (Oberbefehlshaber Ost) in Poland beginning October 20, 1939. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Von Blaskowitz was outraged by the atrocities committed by the SS and the Einsatzgruppen against Polish and Jewish people and issued detailed memoranda to Commander-in-Chief Walther von Brauchitsch on these war crimes. The ( German for "Protective Squadron" abbreviated SS - or ( Runic)- was a major Nazi organization under Adolf Hitler and the Einsatzgruppen ( German: "task forces" "intervention groups" were Paramilitary groups formed by Heinrich Himmler and PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Heinrich Alfred Hermann Walther von Brauchitsch ( 4 October 1881 &ndash 18 October 1948) was an aristocratic German field War crimes are "violations of the laws or customs of war" including but not limited to "murder the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian residents of an occupied
Hitler was reportedly infuriated by Blaskowitz's "childish attitude", and he was relieved of his command on May 14, 1940. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. However, his military skills would be repeatedly further utilized.
French Campaign 1940 and the occupation of France
During the French campaign, von Blaskowitz was transferred to command 9th Army in the west. The 9th Army (9 Armee was a World War II field army The 9th Army was activated on May 15, 1940 with General Johannes Blaskowitz in command In early June 1940 he became Military Governor of Northern France, a positon he held until October 1940, when he was transferred to the command of the First Army. The 1st Army (German 1 Armee) was a World War I and World War II field army He remained in this post until May 1944 when he was named commander-in-chief of Army Group G. The German Army Group G ( Heeresgruppe G) fought on the Western Front of World War II and was a component of OB West.
Campaign in the West 1944-45
He was relieved of command of Army Group G in late September 1944 after officially protesting about SS atrocities in Poland, and reinstated on 24 December 1944. Events 563 - The Byzantine church Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is dedicated for the second time after being destroyed by Earthquakes Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. On 28 January 1945 he was appointed commander-in-chief of Army Group H. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar This command was redesignated in early April 1945 and von Blaskowitz became commander-in-chief in the Netherlands. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands
On May 5 Blaskowitz was summoned to the Hotel de Wereld ("Hotel of the World") in Wageningen by General Charles Foulkes (commander of I Canadian Corps) to discuss the surrender of the German forces in the Netherlands. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John Hotel de Wereld (meaning Hotel the World) in Wageningen was the site of the capitulation of the German troops in The Netherlands on 5 Wageningen is a Municipality and a historical town in the central Netherlands, in the province of Gelderland. Charles Foulkes CC, CB, CBE, DSO, CD, LLD (3 January 1903 &ndash 12 September 1969 was a Canadian soldier I Canadian Corps was one of the two Corps comprising the First Canadian Army during World War II. Prince Bernhard, acting as commander-in-chief of the Dutch Interior Forces, attended the meeting as well. Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands (29 June 1911 in Jena – 1 December 2004 in Utrecht) Prince of Lippe-Biesterfeld born HSH Count Bernhard Leopold Friedrich von Blaskowitz agreed with all proposals by Foulkes. However, nowhere in the building - some sources claim: nowhere in the whole town - could a typewriter be found. Thus, the surrender document could not be typed. The next day, both parties returned and, in the presence of both General Foulkes and Prince Bernhard, von Blaskowitz signed the surrender document which, in the meantime, had been typed. [1].
Post war
Von Blaskowitz was charged with war crimes and tried before a U.S. military court in the High Command Trial, but committed suicide during the trial on February 5, 1948 by jumping out of a window of Nuremberg prison. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Subsequent Nuremberg Trials (more formally the Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals) were a series of twelve U The High Command Trial (or officially The United States of America vs Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Rumors spread by cell mates, that he may have been murdered by SS men, have never been substantiated.
Summary of his military career
Dates of rank
- Fähnrich: March 2, 1901
- Leutnant: January 27, 1902
- Oberleutnant: January 27, 1910
- Hauptmann: February 17, 1914
- Major: January 1, 1922
- Oberstleutnant: April 6, 1926
- Oberst: October 1, 1929
- Generalmajor October 1, 1932
- Generalleutnant: December 1, 1933
- General der Infanterie: August 1, 1936
- Generaloberst: October 1, 1939
Notable decorations
- Iron Cross Second (1914) and First (1915) Classes
- Clasp to the Iron Cross Second (1939) and First (1939) Classes
- Knight's Cross (1939)
- Oak Leaves (1944)
- Swords (1945)
- Anschluss Medal (1938)
- Sudetenland Medal (1938) with Prague Castle bar (1938)
- Wound Badge- 1918 type (?)
- Cross of Honor (1934)
- Bavarian Military Merit Cross 4th Class with Swords (1916)
- German Cross in Silver (1943)
- Prussian Knight's Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern with Swords (1917)
- Baden Knight's Cross 2nd Class of the Order of the Zähringen Lion with Swords(1915)
- Oldenburg Friedrich August Cross Second (1916) and First (1916) Classes
- War Merit Cross Second (?) and First (?) Classes
- Order of the Crown of Italy, Grand Cross (1941)
- Mentioned in the Wehrmachtbericht (27 September 1939)
See also
References
- Berger, Florian, Mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Second Lieutenant is the lowest commissioned officer Military rank in many Armed forces. Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Oberleutnant is a junior officer rank in the militaries of Germany, Switzerland and Austria. Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Hauptmann is a German word usually translated as Captain when it is used as an officer's rank in the German, Austrian and Swiss armies Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Major is a Military rank the use of which varies according to country New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Please see " General " for other countries which use this rank General (genəˈraːl is presently the highest rank Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. Please see " General " for other countries which use this rank General (genəˈraːl is presently the highest rank Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Colonel General is a senior Military rank which is used in some of the world’s militaries Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For other meanings please see Iron Cross (disambiguation The Iron Cross ( was a Military decoration of the Kingdom of Prussia For other meanings please see Iron Cross (disambiguation The Iron Cross ( was a Military decoration of the Kingdom of Prussia The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross ( German language: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes, often simply Ritterkreuz) was a grade of the Iron Cross The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross ( German language: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes, often simply Ritterkreuz) was a grade of the Iron Cross The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross ( German language: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes, often simply Ritterkreuz) was a grade of the Iron Cross The The Anschluss Commemorative Medal ( Die Medaille zur Erinnerung an den 13 The The Sudetenland Commemorative Medal ( Die Medaille zur Erinnerung an den 1 The The Sudetenland Commemorative Medal ( Die Medaille zur Erinnerung an den 1 Wound Badge (das Verwundetenabzeichen was a German military award for wounded or frost-bitten soldiers of Reichswehr, Wehrmacht, SS and the auxiliary service The Cross of Honour, also known as the Honour Cross or popularly the Hindenburg Cross, was a commemorative medal inaugurated on July 13, 1934 Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 The German Cross (Deutsches Kreuz was instituted by Adolf Hitler on 16 November 1941 as an award ranking higher than the Iron Cross First Class Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state The House Order of Hohenzollern ( Hausorden von Hohenzollern or Hohenzollernscher Hausorden) was an order of chivalry of the House of Hohenzollern Baden is a historical state in the southwest of Germany, on the right bank of the Rhine. ||-||-||-||} Oldenburg ( Low German: Ollnborg) is an Independent City in Lower Saxony, Germany. The War Merit Cross (Kriegsverdienstkreuz was a decoration of Nazi Germany during the Second World War, which could be awarded to civilians as well as military personnel The Order of the Crown of Italy (Ordine della Corona d'Italia was an order conferred by the Kingdom of Italy. The Wehrmachtbericht was a daily report made by the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht regarding the military situation on all fronts Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This is a list of the Presidents (Heads of state Prime Ministers (Heads of government both Czech and Reichsprotektors ' ('Imperial Protector' means nazi-representative the German Lublin Voivodeship (also known as Lublin Province or województwo lubelskie or simply Lubelskie) is a voivodeship, or Province, in eastern Poland Die höchstdekorierten Soldaten des Zweiten Weltkrieges. Selbstverlag Florian Berger, 2006. ISBN 3-9501307-0-5.
- von Blaskowitz, Johannes - German reaction to the invasion of southern France - (ASIN B0007K469O) - Historical Division, Headquarters, United States Army, Europe, Foreign Military Studies Branch, 1945
- von Blaskowitz, Johannes - Answers to questions directed to General Blaskowitz - (ASIN B0007K46JY) - Historical Division, Headquarters, United States Army, Europe, Foreign Military Studies Branch, 1945
- Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939-1945. Friedburg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas, 2000. ISBN 3-7909-0284-5.
- Giziowski, Richard - The Enigma of General Blaskowitz (Hardcover) (ISBN 0-7818-0503-1) - Hippocrene Books, November 1996
- Information on his death - The New York Times, February 6, 1948, p. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 13
- Information on his death - The Times, February 8, 1948, p. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 3
| Government offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by none |
Protector of Bohemia-Moravia 15 March 1939 – 21 March 1939 |
Succeeded by Konstantin Freiherr von Neurath |
| Military offices | ||
| Preceded by none |
Commander of 8. Armee 1 September 1939 - 20 October 1939 |
Succeeded by General der Infanterie Otto Wöhler |
| Preceded by none |
Commander of 9. Armee 15 May 1940 - 29 May 1940 |
Succeeded by General der Infanterie Otto Colinburg-Bodigheim |
| Preceded by General Erwin von Witzleben |
Commander of 1. Armee 24 October 1940 - 2 May 1944 |
Succeeded by General Joachim Lemelsen |
| Preceded by none |
Commander of Heeresgruppe G 8 May 1944 - 20 September 1944 |
Succeeded by General Hermann Balck |
| Preceded by General Hermann Balck |
Commander of Heeresgruppe G 24 December 1944 - 29 January 1945 |
Succeeded by General Paul Hausser |
| Preceded by Generaloberst Kurt Student |
Commander of Heeresgruppe H 30 January 1945 - 15 April 1945 |
Succeeded by General Feldmarschall Ernst Busch |
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic