| Joanna the Mad | |
| Queen of Castile and León, Queen of Aragon, Duchess of Burgundy, Duchess of Brabant, Limburg and Lothier, Duchess of Luxemburg, Margravine of Namur, Countess of Artois and Flanders, Countess of Charolais, Countess of Hainaut, Holland and Zeeland. | |
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| Reign | 26 November 1504 – 12 April 1555 |
|---|---|
| Born | 6 November 1479 |
| Birthplace | Toledo, Spain |
| Died | 12 April 1555 (aged 75) |
| Place of death | Tordesillas, Spain |
| Buried | Capilla Real, Granada, Spain |
| Predecessor | Isabella I&Ferdinand V |
| Successor | Charles I |
| Consort | Philip I |
| Consort to | Philip the Handsome, Duke of Burgundy |
| Issue | Eleanor Charles Isabella Ferdinand Mary Catherine |
| Royal House |  House of Trastámara |
| Father | Ferdinand II of Aragon |
| Mother | Isabella I of Castile |
Joanna (Spanish: Juana I de Castilla) (November 6, 1479 – April 12, 1555), called Joanna the Mad (Juana La Loca), was Queen regnant of Castile and Aragon jointly with her son the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V[1]. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Toledo Spain locationpng|thumb|right|200px|Location of Toledo in Spain Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Tordesillas is a town and Municipality in the province of Valladolid, part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon in central Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Capilla Real, or Royal Chapel in Granada is a Mausoleum that houses the remains of the Catholic Kings (Los Reyes Católicos Don Fernando Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the autonomous region of Andalusia, Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Ferdinand II of Aragon the Catholic (Fernando II de Aragón y V de Castilla "el Católico" Ferran II d'Aragó "el Catòlic" Ferrando II d'Aragón Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Saône which Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was Isabella of Austria (also known as Isabella or Elisabeth of Burgundy, of Habsburg, or of Castile) ( 18 July 1501 Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor ( Alcalá de Henares (near Madrid) Kingdom of Castile (now Spain) 10 March 1503 &ndash The House of Trastámara was a Dynasty of kings in the Iberian Peninsula, which governed in Castile from 1369 to 1504, Ferdinand II of Aragon the Catholic (Fernando II de Aragón y V de Castilla "el Católico" Ferran II d'Aragó "el Catòlic" Ferrando II d'Aragón The House of Trastámara was a Dynasty of kings in the Iberian Peninsula, which governed in Castile from 1369 to 1504, Henry II ( January 13, 1334 Sevilla - May 29, 1379 Santo Domingo de la Calzada) better known as Henry of Trastámara John I ( August 24, 1358 &ndash October 9, 1390) (in Spanish: Juan I) was the king of Castile, was the Eleanor of Castile (after 1363 - 27 February 1416) was an Infanta of Castile and the Queen consort of Navarre. John I ( August 24, 1358 &ndash October 9, 1390) (in Spanish: Juan I) was the king of Castile, was the Henry III ( October 4, 1379 –1406 sometimes known as Henry the Sufferer or Henry the Infirm (Enrique el Doliente was the son of John Ferdinand I (Ferran - Catalan (Medina del Campo Castile 27 November 1380 &ndash Igualada Catalonia 2 April 1416) called of Antequera Henry III ( October 4, 1379 –1406 sometimes known as Henry the Sufferer or Henry the Infirm (Enrique el Doliente was the son of John John II ( March 6 1405 &ndash July 20 1454) was King of Castile from 1406 to 1454 Maria of Castile (1401&ndash1458 was a daughter of Henry III of Castile and Catherine of Lancaster. John II ( March 6 1405 &ndash July 20 1454) was King of Castile from 1406 to 1454 Enrique IV (5 January 1425 - 11 December 1474 King of Castile, nicknamed the Impotent (ruled 1454-1474 was the last of the weak late medieval kings of Castile Enrique IV (5 January 1425 - 11 December 1474 King of Castile, nicknamed the Impotent (ruled 1454-1474 was the last of the weak late medieval kings of Castile Juana of Castile, known also as la Beltraneja (1462 &ndash 1530 was a princess of Castile Ferdinand II of Aragon the Catholic (Fernando II de Aragón y V de Castilla "el Católico" Ferran II d'Aragó "el Catòlic" Ferrando II d'Aragón Infante don Juan de Trastamara de Aragon y de Trastamara de Castilla, ( 28 June 1478 in Seville&ndash 4 October 1497) Prince of Catherine of Aragon (16 December 1485 – 7 January 1536 also known as Catharine, Katherine or Katharine ( Castilian Infanta Catalina The Infante Miguel da Paz Prince of Portugal and Prince of Asturias ( Portuguese: Miguel da Paz de Trastâmara e Avis; Spanish: Miguel de la Paz Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was Isabella of Austria (also known as Isabella or Elisabeth of Burgundy, of Habsburg, or of Castile) ( 18 July 1501 Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor ( Alcalá de Henares (near Madrid) Kingdom of Castile (now Spain) 10 March 1503 &ndash Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. This is a list of counts kings and queens of Castile. It is in part a continuation of the List of Asturian monarchs and the List of Leonese monarchs This is a list of the rulers of Aragon, now a region of north-eastern Spain. The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was She was the second daughter of Ferdinand II of Aragon, and Isabella of Castile, and was born at Toledo. Ferdinand II of Aragon the Catholic (Fernando II de Aragón y V de Castilla "el Católico" Ferran II d'Aragó "el Catòlic" Ferrando II d'Aragón Toledo Spain locationpng|thumb|right|200px|Location of Toledo in Spain
The Castilian version of her name was Juana. In Germanic countries, she is usually known by the Latin form of her name, Joanna. Joanna is a feminine given name deriving from Koine Greek Iōanna. Other English equivalents of the name include Jane and Joan.
Contents |
Life
In 1496 at Lier, just north of Brussels, Joanna was married to the Archduke Philip the Handsome, son of the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I. Lier may refer to Lier Belgium Lier Norway Li Er also known as Laozi, a Chinese philosopher Between 1498 and 1507 she gave birth to six children, two emperors and four queens. Arguably the most important one was Charles V in 1500. Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was
The death of her only brother John, Prince of Asturias, her eldest sister Isabella of Asturias, Queen of Portugal, and then of the latter's infant son Miguel, Prince of Asturias, made Joanna the heiress of the Spanish kingdoms. Infante don Juan de Trastamara de Aragon y de Trastamara de Castilla, ( 28 June 1478 in Seville&ndash 4 October 1497) Prince of Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. The Infante Miguel da Paz Prince of Portugal and Prince of Asturias ( Portuguese: Miguel da Paz de Trastâmara e Avis; Spanish: Miguel de la Paz Her only living siblings were Maria of Aragon and Catherine of Aragon, three and six years younger than Joanna. Catherine of Aragon (16 December 1485 – 7 January 1536 also known as Catharine, Katherine or Katharine ( Castilian Infanta Catalina In 1502 the Castilian Cortes of Toro [2][3] recognized Joanna as legitimate heiress to the Castilian throne, and Philip as her legitimate consort. She was then named Princess of Asturias, the title traditionally given to the heir of Castile. [4]. Also, in 1502, the Aragonese Cortes gathered in Saragossa, alleged oath to Joanna as heiress, but the Archbishop of Saragossa expressed firmly that this oath could not establish jurisprudence, that is to say, without modifying the right of the succession, but by virtue of a formal agreement between the Cortes and the King. [5][6]
Joanna was said to pine day and night for her husband while he was overseas, and when she eventually joined Philip in Flanders, her passionate jealousy and constant suspicion of him made her notorious, if not necessarily beloved, in the local court. Flanders (Vlaanderen Flandre Flandern is a geographical region located in parts of present day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands.
Upon the death of Isabella of Castile in November 1504, Joanna became Queen regnant of Castile, and her husband jure uxoris King; Joanna's father, Ferdinand, lost his title of 'King of Castile', although his wife's will permitted him to govern the country in Joanna's absence, or, if Joanna was unwilling to rule it herself, until Charles reached the age of 20. Jure uxoris is a Latin term that means "by right of the wife Ferdinand refused to accept this: he minted Castilian coins in the name of "Ferdinand and Juana, King and Queen of Castile, Léon and Aragon", and in early 1505 persuaded the Cortes that Joanna's "illness. . . is such that the said Queen Doña Juana our Lady cannot govern"; the Cortes then appointed Ferdinand as Joanna's guardian, and as administrator and governor of the kingdom. However, Philip the Handsome was unwilling to accept any threat to his own chances of ruling Castile, and this way, he also coined coins in name of "Philip and Joanna, King and Queen of Castile, Léon and Archdukes of Austria, etc". [7] In response Ferdinand embarked upon a pro-French policy, marrying Germaine de Foix, the niece of Louis XII of France (and his own great-niece), in the hope that she would produce a son to inherit Aragon, and perhaps Castile. Germaine of Foix ( 1488 - 18 October, 1538) was Queen consort of Aragon, the second wife of Ferdinand the Catholic of Aragon Louis XII ( June 27, 1462 – January 1, 1515) called "the Father of the People" (Le Père du Peuple was the thirty-fifth king [8]
Ferdinand's remarriage merely strengthened support for Philip and Joanna in Castile, and in late 1505 the pair decided to travel to Castile. Leaving Flanders on 10 January 1506, their ships were wrecked on the English coast and the couple became guests of Henry VII at Windsor Castle. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Windsor Castle, in Windsor in the English county of Berkshire, is the largest inhabited Castle in the world and dating back to the time of They were only able to leave on 21 April, by which time civil war was looming in Castile: Philip apparently considered landing in Andalusia and summoning the nobles to take up arms against Ferdinand. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Instead, he and Joanna landed at Coruña on 26 April, upon which the Castilian nobility abandoned Ferdinand en masse. A Coruña ( Spanish: La Coruña; Galician: A Coruña; also Corunna in English, and archaically The Groyne) is Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy. Ferdinand then met with Philip at Villafafila on 20 June 1506, and handed over the government of Castile to his "most beloved children", promising to retire to Aragon. Philip and Ferdinand then signed a second treaty, agreeing that Joanna's mental instability made her incapable of rule, and promising to exclude her from government. Ferdinand then proceeded to repudiate the agreement on the same afternoon, declaring that Joanna should never be deprived of her rights as Queen Proprietress of Castile. A fortnight later, having come to no fresh agreement with Philip, and thus effectively retaining his right to interfere if he considered his daughter's rights to be infringed, he abandoned Castile, leaving Philip to govern in Joanna's stead. [9]
By virtue of the agreement of Villafáfila, the procurators of Cortes met in Valladolid on 9 July. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. On 12 July[10], they swore Philip and Juana together as kings, and their son Charles as their inheritor. Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was [11] This arrangement did not last long. On 25 September 1506 Philip died suddenly of typhus fever in Burgos. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Typhus is any of several similar diseases caused by Louse -borne bacteria Joanna, pregnant with her sixth child, then made attempts to secure her rights to rule alone, in her own name; however, her arrogance and coldness towards important figures of the kingdom, the rumours of her mental instability and the unwillingness of the men around her to accept her rights doomed the endeavour. By 20 December 1506, she had quietly abandoned Burgos, heading for the village of Torquemada. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. By now, she was being characterised as "lost, without any sense", although her Secretary, Juan Lopez, declared her "more sane than her mother". She refused to trust Spanish women, even going so far as sending for a midwife from Flanders to assist in her delivery, and was characterised as refusing to abandon her dead husband's corpse. Meanwhile, the country fell into disorder. Her heir, Charles, was a six-year old child being raised in his aunt's care in far-off Flanders; her father, Ferdinand, remained in his own dominions, allowing the crisis to reach a head. A regency council under Archbishop Cisneros was set up (against the Queen's orders) but it was unable to manage the growing public disorder; plague and famine devastated the kingdom, with supposedly half the population perishing of one or the other; and the Queen was unable to secure the funds she required to shore up her power. In the face of this, Ferdinand returned to Castile in July 1507: a coincidental remission of the plague and famine quieted the instability, but left an impression that the health of the Kingdom had been restored by the return of Ferdinand. [12]
Ferdinand and Joanna met at Hornillos on 30 July 1507; Ferdinand then constrained her to yield up power to himself. On 17 August she summoned three members of the royal council and ordered them to inform the grandees, in her name, of Ferdinand's return: "That they should go to receive his highness and serve him as [they would] her person and more. " She refused to sign the instructions: a last gesture of defiance, and a statement that she did not as Queen regnant endorse the surrender of her own royal power. Nonetheless, she was thereafter Queen only in name, and all documents, though issued in her name, were signed with Ferdinand's signature, "I the King". He would be named administrator of the kingdom by the Cortes of Castile in 1510, although he would entrust the government mainly to Cisneros. Joanna he would eventually install in Tordesillas, near Valladolid, in February 1509, after having dismissed all of her faithful servants and appointing a small retinue faithful to him alone. Tordesillas is a town and Municipality in the province of Valladolid, part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon in central Spain. ||-||} is an industrial city and it is a Municipality in north-central Spain, upon the Pisuerga River and within the Ribera del Duero wine-making region [13] By this time, she would appear to have been almost completely mad: some accounts claim that she took her husband's corpse with her to Tordesillas, to keep it close to her. [14]
Ferdinand would die in 1516, an embittered man: his second wife, Germaine, had failed to provide him with a male heir, leaving his daughter as his heiress. Ferdinand resented that Aragon and - in theory on the death of Joanna, in reality upon his own death - Castile would pass to this foreign grandchild, to whom he had transferred his hatred of Philip; instead, he nurtured hopes that his younger grandson and namesake, Ferdinand, who had been born and raised in Spain, could succeed, even naming Ferdinand as his heir in his will before being persuaded to revoke it and name Charles as his heir instead. Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor ( Alcalá de Henares (near Madrid) Kingdom of Castile (now Spain) 10 March 1503 &ndash When he died, Aragon and its associated crowns passed to Joanna,[15] being governed in his absence by Ferdinand's bastard son, Alonso de Aragon. Castile, still nominally subject to Joanna, continued to be governed by Cisneros due to the Queen's continuing insanity, although a group of nobles, led by the Duke of Infantado, attempted to proclaim the Infante Ferdinand as King of Castile. The attempt failed, and in October 1517, Charles arrived in Asturias. On 4 November, he and his sister Eleanor met Joanna at Tordesillas – there they secured from her the necessary authorization to allow Charles to rule as her co-King in Castile. Despite her acquiescence to his wishes, her imprisonment would continue; although the Castilian Cortes, meeting in Valladolid, would spite Charles by addressing him only as Su Alteza ("Your Highness") and reserving Magestad ("Majesty") for Joanna[16], no-one seriously considered rule by Joanna a real proposition. [17]
In 1520, the Revolt of the Comuneros (1520–1522), a revolt against the harsh royal control over Castile, broke out. The rebel leaders demanded that Castile be governed in accordance with the supposed practices of the Catholic Kings; in an attempt to legitimise their rebellion, the rebels turned to Joanna: as theoretical sovereign monarch, if she gave written approval of the rebellion, it would be legalised and would triumph. In an attempt to prevent this, Don Antonia de Rojas, Bishop of Mallorca, led a delegation of royal councilors to Tordesillas, asking her to sign a document denouncing the Comuneros; she demurred, requesting that he present her specific provisions. Before this could be done, the Comuneros in turn stormed the palace and requested her support (prompting Adrian of Utrecht, the regent appointed by Charles, to declare that the emperor would lose Castile if she did so). Pope Adrian VI ( Utrecht, March 2, 1459 &ndash September 14, 1523) born Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens, son of Persuaded by Ochoa de Landa and her confessor, Fray Juan de Avila, she showed sympathy to the comuneros, but refused to sign: to do so, she was persuaded, would cause irreparable damage to her kingdom and to her son's rights. Charles repaid her loyalty to him when he quelled the uprising, having her locked up for the rest of her life in a windowless room in the castle of Tordesillas. She died on Good Friday, April 12, 1555. [18]
Most historians believe she suffered from schizophrenia and she was kept locked away and imprisoned. Schizophrenia ( from the Greek roots schizein (σχίζειν "to split" and phrēn Needed to legitimize the claims of her father and son to the throne, Joanna only nominally remained Queen regnant of Castile until her death.
She is entombed in the Capilla Real of Granada, alongside her parents, her husband, and her nephew Miguel. The Capilla Real, or Royal Chapel in Granada is a Mausoleum that houses the remains of the Catholic Kings (Los Reyes Católicos Don Fernando Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the autonomous region of Andalusia, Spain.
Ancestry and descent
Ancestors
| Joanna of Castile | Father: Ferdinand II of Aragon |
Paternal Grandfather: John II of Aragon |
Paternal Great-Grandfather: Ferdinand I of Aragon |
| Paternal Great-grandmother: Eleanor of Alburquerque |
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| Paternal Grandmother: Juana Enríquez |
Paternal Great-Grandfather: Frederick Enríquez, Count of Melgar |
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| Paternal Great-Grandmother: Merina de Cordova |
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| Mother: Isabella of Castile |
Maternal Grandfather: John II of Castile |
Maternal Great-Grandfather: Henry III of Castile |
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| Maternal Great-Grandmother: Katherine of Lancaster |
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| Maternal Grandmother: Infanta Isabel of Portugal |
Maternal Great-grandfather: Infante João of Portugal |
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| Maternal Great-Grandmother: Isabella of Braganza |
Issue
| Name | Birth | Death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| By Philip of Habsburg (July 22, 1478 – September 25, 1506; married in 1496) | |||
| Eleanor | November 15, 1498 | February 25, 1558 | married firstly in 1518, Manuel I of Portugal and had issue; married secondly in 1530, Francis I of France and had no issue. Ferdinand II of Aragon the Catholic (Fernando II de Aragón y V de Castilla "el Católico" Ferran II d'Aragó "el Catòlic" Ferrando II d'Aragón John II the Great ( June 29, 1397 &ndash January 20, 1479) was the King of Aragon (1458&ndash1479 and Jure uxoris Ferdinand I (Ferran - Catalan (Medina del Campo Castile 27 November 1380 &ndash Igualada Catalonia 2 April 1416) called of Antequera Eleanor of Alburquerque (1374 - 1435 became Queen consort of Aragon by her marriage to Ferdinand I of Aragon. Juana Enriquez de Córdoba ( 1425 - 13 February, 1468) was the second wife of John II of Aragon. John II ( March 6 1405 &ndash July 20 1454) was King of Castile from 1406 to 1454 Henry III ( October 4, 1379 –1406 sometimes known as Henry the Sufferer or Henry the Infirm (Enrique el Doliente was the son of John Katherine of Lancaster (also known as Katherine Plantagenet and as Queen Catalina of Castile and Leon) (1372-1418 &ndash was the daughter of John of Gaunt The Infante João 1st Lord of Reguengos de Monsaraz Colares and Belas ( pron Events 1099 - First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor Manuel I (mɐnuˈɛɫ Archaic Portuguese: Manoel I, English: Emmanuel I) the Fortunate ( Port Francis I (September 12 1494 &ndash March 31 1547 was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547 |
| Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor | February 24, 1500 | September 21, 1558 | married in 1526, Isabella of Portugal and had issue. Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. The Infanta Isabel, commonly referred to in English as Isabel of Portugal ( October 23, 1503 &ndash May 1, 1539) was the |
| Isabella | July 18, 1501 | January 19, 1526 | married in 1515, Christian II of Denmark and had issue. Isabella of Austria (also known as Isabella or Elisabeth of Burgundy, of Habsburg, or of Castile) ( 18 July 1501 Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy. Christian II (1 July 1481 &ndash 25 January 1559 was a Danish monarch and King of Denmark, Norway (1513 &ndash 1523 and Sweden (1520 &ndash 1521 |
| Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor | March 10, 1503 | July 25, 1564 | married in 1521, Anna of Bohemia and Hungary and had issue. Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor ( Alcalá de Henares (near Madrid) Kingdom of Castile (now Spain) 10 March 1503 &ndash Events 241 BC - First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands - The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Anna Queen of Bohemia and Hungary, also sometimes known as Anna Jagellonica ( Buda (now Budapest) Hungary, July 23, 1503 |
| Mary | September 18, 1505 | October 18, 1558 | married in 1522, Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia and had no issue. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid |
| Catherine | January 14, 1507 | February 12, 1578 | married in 1525, John III of Portugal and had issue. Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the John III ( Portuguese: João III ʒuˈɐ̃ũ ( June 7, 1502 &ndash June 11, 1557) nicknamed o Piedoso |
Joanna in literature, art, music, and film
The figure of Queen Joanna attracted authors, composers, and artists of the romanticist movement, due to her characteristics of unrequited love, obsessive jealousy, and undying fidelity. Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Unrequited love is love that is not openly reciprocated even though reciprocation is usually deeply desired Fidelity is a notion that at its most abstract level implies a truthful connection to a source or sources Many later authors have followed this trend of portraying Joanna as a lovesick, and later griefstricken, woman, preferring to focus on her love for her husband than on her mental illness. An incomplete list of these works follows:
- Felipe el Hermoso (1845) — Eusebio Asquerino and Gregorio Romero. Eusebio Asquerino (1822 - 1892 was a Spanish Poet and playwright of the romantic era. A play in four acts.
- La Locura de Amor (1855) — Manuel Tamayo y Baus. Manuel Tamayo y Baus ( 15 September 1829 - 20 June 1898) was a Spanish Dramatist. Play
- Doña Juana la Loca (late 19th Cent. ) — Emilio Serrano. Opera.
- Juana la Loca (1877) — Francisco Pradilla. Francisco Pradilla Ortiz ( July 24, 1848 &ndash November 1, 1921) was a prolific Spanish painter famous for creating Painting (shown above). Currently in the Prado museum of Madrid, Spain. PRADO is a component-based and event-driven Web application framework for PHP 5 Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.
- Locura de amor (1948) — Juan de Orduña. Locura de amor is a 1948 Spanish historical drama Film directed by Juan de Orduña. Juan de Orduña ( December 27 1900 Madrid - February 3 1974) was a Spanish Film director. Film.
- La Loca (1979) — Gian Carlo Menotti. Opera.
- Juana la Loca (2001) — directed by Vicente Aranda and starring Pilar Lopez de Ayala as Joanna, was nominated for 12 Goya Awards, and was released in the US as Mad Love. Juana la Loca (English title Mad Love) is a 2001 film about Juana of Castile, starring Pilar López de Ayala in the title role Vicente Aranda (born on 9 November 1926 in Barcelona) is a Spanish Film director, Screenwriter and producer Pilar López de Ayala y Arroyo (born September 18, 1978 in Madrid) is a Spanish film actress The Goya Awards, known in Spanish as los Premios Goya, are Spain 's main national Film awards considered the Spanish equivalent to the American Based on La Locura de Amor by Manuel Tamayo y Baus.
- El Pergamino de la Seducción (2005) — Gioconda Belli. Gioconda Belli (born December 9, 1948 in Managua, Nicaragua) is an author novelist and renowned Nicaraguan poet Novel in Spanish.
- The Last Queen (2007) — C. W. Gortner. Novel in English and Spanish
Biographies
- W. H. Prescott, Hist. William Hickling Prescott (May 4 1796 &ndash January 29 1859 was an American Historian, known for his books The History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella the Catholic of Ferdinand and Isabella (1854)
- Rosier, Johanna die Wahnsinnige (Vienna, 1890)
- H. Tighe, A Queen of Unrest (1907).
- R. Villa, La Reina doña Juana la Loca (Madrid, 1892)
- Bethany Aram, "Juana the Mad: Sovereignty and Dynasty in Renaissance Europe" (2005)
References
- ^ Fueros, observancias y actos de corte del Reino de Aragón; Santiago Penén y Debesa, Pascual Savall y Dronda, Miguel Clemente (1866), page 64
- ^ Cortes de los antiguos reinos de León y de Castilla; Manuel Colmeiro (1883), Capítulo XXII
- ^ Estudio documental de la moneda castellana de Juana la Loca fabricada en los Países Bajos (1505-1506); José María de Francisco Olmos, page 303
- ^ "Juana 'the Mad's' Signature", Bethany Aram, from Sixteenth Century Journal
- ^ Estudio documental de la moneda castellana de Carlos I fabricada en los Países Bajos (1517); José María de Francisco Olmos, page 137
- ^ Estudio documental de la moneda castellana de Juana la Loca fabricada en los Países Bajos (1505-1506); José María de Francisco Olmos, page 299
- ^ Estudio documental de la moneda castellana de Juana la Loca fabricada en los Países Bajos (1505-1506); José María de Francisco Olmos, page 315
- ^ Elliott, JH, Imperial Spain, p. 138; "Juana 'the Mad's' Signature", Bethany Aram, from Sixteenth Century Journal
- ^ Elliott, JH, Imperial Spain, p. 139
- ^ Cortes de los antiguos reinos de León y de Castilla; Manuel Colmeiro (1883), Capítulo XXIII
- ^ Estudio documental de la moneda castellana de Carlos I fabricada en los Países Bajos (1517); José María de Francisco Olmos, page 135
- ^ Elliott, JH, Imperial Spain, p. 139; "Juana 'the Mad's' Signature", Bethany Aram, from Sixteenth Century Journal
- ^ "Juana 'the Mad's' Signature", Bethany Aram, from Sixteenth Century Journal
- ^ Elliott, JH, Imperial Spain, p. 139
- ^ Estudio documental de la moneda castellana de Carlos I fabricada en los Países Bajos (1517); José María de Francisco Olmos, page 138
- ^ Estudio documental de la moneda castellana de Carlos I fabricada en los Países Bajos (1517); José María de Francisco Olmos, page 144
- ^ Elliott, JH, Imperial Spain, pp. 143-146
- ^ "Juana 'the Mad's' Signature", Bethany Aram, from Sixteenth Century Journal
Sources
- Miller T: The Castles and the Crown. Coward-McCann, New York, 1963
- Aram, Bethany, "Juana "the Mad's" Signature: The Problem of Invoking Royal Authority, 1505- 1507", Sixteenth Century Journal
- Elliott, J. H. , Imperial Spain, 1469-1716
- de Francisco Olmos, José María: Estudio documental de la moneda castellana de Juana la Loca fabricada en los Países Bajos (1505-1506), Revista General de Información y Documentación 2002, vol 12, núm. 2 (Universidad complutense de Madrid).
- de Francisco Olmos, José María: Estudio documental de la moneda castellana de Carlos I fabricada en los Países Bajos (1517); Revista General de Información y Documentación 2003, vol 13, núm.2 (Universidad complutense de Madrid). </ref>
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The House of Trastámara was a Dynasty of kings in the Iberian Peninsula, which governed in Castile from 1369 to 1504, Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Saône which Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France The Infanta Isabel, commonly referred to in English as Isabel of Portugal ( October 23, 1503 &ndash May 1, 1539) was the The Duchy of Brabant was formally erected in 1183/1184 The title " Duke of Brabant " was created by the German Emperor Frederick Barbarossa in favor of counts of Limburg rose to prominence when one of their house was appointed Duke of Lower Lorraine. Lothier refers to the territory within the Duchy of Lower Lotharingia, governed by the Dukes of Brabant and their successors after 1190 until the end of For other uses of Luxembourg see Luxembourg (disambiguation The territory of Luxembourg was ruled successively by Counts following is a list of Marquisses or Margraves of Namur. Namur was not often an independent state rather under the dominion of other entities like the counties counts of Artois (French Comtes d'Artois Dutch Graven van Artesië were the Rulers over the County of Artois from the 9th century until the abolition counts of Flanders were the Rulers over the county of Flanders from the 9th century until the abolition of the Countship by the French revolutionaries The counts of Hainaut were the rulers of the County of Hainaut, a historical region in the Low Countries. Counts of Holland ruled over the county of Holland in the Low Countries between the 10th and the 16th century Counts of Holland ruled over the county of Holland in the Low Countries between the 10th and the 16th century This is a list of the counts of Burgundy, ie of the region known as Franche-Comté not to be confused with the Duchy of Burgundy, from 867 to 1678 Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Ferdinand II of Aragon the Catholic (Fernando II de Aragón y V de Castilla "el Católico" Ferran II d'Aragó "el Catòlic" Ferrando II d'Aragón This is a list of counts kings and queens of Castile. It is in part a continuation of the List of Asturian monarchs and the List of Leonese monarchs In the reign of Ordoño I of Asturias ( 850 - 866) the kingdom began to be known as that of León. Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was Ferdinand II of Aragon the Catholic (Fernando II de Aragón y V de Castilla "el Católico" Ferran II d'Aragó "el Catòlic" Ferrando II d'Aragón This is a list of the rulers of Aragon, now a region of north-eastern Spain. The following is a list of monarchs of Sicily. Counts of Sicily Sicily was granted pending its Christian reconquest to Robert Guiscard as "duke" The Kingdom of Valencia was ruled by a monarch continuously during the period 1238&mdash1714 with the exception of an Interregnum from 1410&mdash1412 The Kings of Majorca ruled the Kingdom of Majorca from 1276 to 1344, after which the kingdom was united to the Crown of Aragon but still disputed This is a list of the kings of Pamplona ( Iruña in Basque), later Navarre. The following is a list of monarchs of the Kingdom of Naples. The Count of Barcelona was the major ruler in Catalonia from the 9th until the 17th century Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was This is a list of Spanish Monarchs &mdashthat is rulers of the country of Spain in the modern sense of the word The Infante Miguel da Paz Prince of Portugal and Prince of Asturias ( Portuguese: Miguel da Paz de Trastâmara e Avis; Spanish: Miguel de la Paz Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was A pretender is a claimant to an abolished throne or to a throne already occupied by somebody else Ferdinand II of Aragon the Catholic (Fernando II de Aragón y V de Castilla "el Católico" Ferran II d'Aragó "el Catòlic" Ferrando II d'Aragón This is a list of the Emperors of the Eastern Roman Empire, commonly known as the Byzantine Empire by modern historians Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was The Fall of Constantinople refers to the capture of the Byzantine Empire's capital by the Ottoman Empire on Tuesday May 29, 1453 (Julian Calendar The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 wasDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic