| Joan Miró | |
 Joan Miró photo taken by Carl Van Vechten, June, 1935 |
|
| Born | April 20, 1893 Barcelona, Spain |
| Died | December 25, 1983 |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Field | painting, sculpture, and ceramics |
Joan Miró i Ferrà (April 20, 1893 – December 25, 1983) was an ethnic Catalan (of Spanish nationality) painter, sculptor and ceramicist born in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) The Catalans are the people from Catalonia, an Autonomous community of Spain, including people originating in that region but living elsewhere Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e Ceramics and ceramic art in the art world means artwork made out of clay bodies and fired to form a ceramic. Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia Catalonia (Cataluña Catalunya Aranese: Catalonha) is an Autonomous Community in the northeast part of Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.
Earning international acclaim, his work has been interpreted as Surrealism, a sandbox for the subconscious mind, a re-creation of the childlike, and a manifestation of Catalan pride. Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members In numerous interviews dating from the 1930s onwards, Miró expressed contempt for conventional painting methods as a way of supporting bourgeoise society, and famously declared an "assassination of painting" in favor of upsetting the visual elements of established painting. [2]
Contents |
Biography
Born to the family of a goldsmith and watchmaker, the young Miró was drawn towards the arts community that was gathering in Montparnasse and in 1920 moved to Paris. A goldsmith is a Metalworker who specializes in working with Gold and other Precious metals usually in modern times to make Jewelry. A watchmaker is an Artisan who makes and repairs Watches A modern watchmaker is more likely to repair a wristwatch or a pocketwatch than to actually create a watch Montparnasse is an area of Paris, France, on the left bank of the river Seine, centred on the intersection of the Boulevard du Montparnasse Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city There, under the influence of the poets and writers, he developed his unique style: organic forms and flattened picture planes drawn with a sharp line. Organic describes forms methods and patterns found in living systems such as the organisation of cells, to Populations communities, and Ecosystems Generally thought of as a Surrealist because of his interest in automatism and the use of sexual symbols (for example, ovoids with wavy lines emanating from them), Miró’s style was influenced in varying degrees by Surrealism and Dada, yet he rejected membership to any artistic movement in the interwar European years. Automatism has taken on many forms the Automatic writing and drawing initially (and still to this day practiced by surrealists can be compared to similar or perhaps For other meanings see Dada (disambiguation DaDa is a Concept album by Alice Cooper, released André Breton, the founder of Surrealism, described him as "the most Surrealist of us all. André Breton (in French ɑ̃dʀe bʀəˈtɔ̃ ( February 19, 1896 &ndash September 28, 1966) was a French Writer, " Miró confessed to creating one of his most famous works, Harlequin's Carnival, under similar circumstances:
- "How did I think up my drawings and my ideas for painting? Well I'd come home to my Paris studio in Rue Blomet at night, I'd go to bed, and sometimes I hadn't any supper. I saw things, and I jotted them down in a notebook. I saw shapes on the ceiling. . . "[3]
Career
In 1926, he collaborated with Max Ernst on designs for Sergei Diaghilev. Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia Max Ernst ( 2 April 1891 &ndash 1 April 1976) was a German painter, Sculptor, Graphic artist, and Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev (Серге́й Па́влович Дя́гилев / Sergei Pavlovich Dyagilev) also referred to as Serge, ( March 31, With Miró's help, Ernst pioneered the technique of grattage, in which he troweled pigment onto his canvases. Surrealism in Art, Poetry, and Literature utilizes numerous unique techniques and games to provide inspiration Miró married Pilar Juncosa in Palma de Mallorca on October 12, 1929; their daughter Dolores was born July 17, 1931. Palma is the major City and port on the island of Majorca and capital city of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands in Spain Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Shuzo Takiguchi published the first monograph on Miró in 1940. In 1959, André Breton asked Miró to represent Spain in The Homage to Surrealism exhibition together with works by Enrique Tábara, Salvador Dalí, and Eugenio Granell. André Breton (in French ɑ̃dʀe bʀəˈtɔ̃ ( February 19, 1896 &ndash September 28, 1966) was a French Writer, Enrique Tábara (born 1930 Guayaquil, Ecuador) (Luis Enrique Tábara is a master Ecuadorian painter and teacher representing a whole Hispanic pictorial and Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech 1st Marquis of Púbol (May 11 1904 &ndash January 23 1989 was a Spanish Catalan Surrealist Eugenio Granell (28 November 1912 &ndash 24 October 2001 was an artist often described as the last Spanish
Miró dabbled in architecture when he designed the Maeght Foundation museum in Saint-Paul-en-Forêt, France, which was completed in 1964. Saint-Paul-en-Forêt is a French commune, located in the Var département and the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.
Experimental style
Miró was the first artist to develop automatic drawing as a way to undo previous established techniques in painting, and thus, with Andre Masson, represented the beginning of Surrealism as an art movement. André-Aimé-René Masson ( January 4, 1896 &ndash October 28, 1987) was a French Artist. Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members However, Miró chose not to become an official member of the Surrealists in order to be free to experiment with other artistic styles without compromising his position within the group. He pursued his own interests in the art world, ranging from automatic drawing and surrealism, to expressionism and Color Field painting. Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members Expressionism is the tendency of an artist to distort reality for an Emotional effect it is a subjective art form In Quantum mechanics, color field is a whimsical name for some of the properties of Quarks Color Field painting is an abstract style that
Miró's oft-quoted interest in the assassination of painting is derived from a dislike of bourgeoise art of any kind, used as a way to promote propaganda and cultural identity among the wealthy. Specifically, Miró responded to Cubism in this way, which by the time of his quote had become an established art form in France. Cubism was a 20th century Avant-garde Art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, that revolutionized European He is quoted as saying I will break their guitar, referring to Picasso's paintings, with the intent to attack the popularity and appropriation of Picasso's art by politics. Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso (October 25 1881 &ndash April 8 1973 [1]
In an interview with biographer Walter Erben, Miró expressed his dislike for art critics, saying, they are more concerned with being philosophers than anything else. An art critic is a person who specializes in evaluating Art. Their written critiques or reviews are published in newspapers magazines books and on web sites They form a preconceived opinion, then they look at the work of art. Painting merely serves as a cloak in which to wrap their emaciated philosophical systems.
Four-dimensional painting is a theoretical type of painting Miró proposed in which painting would transcend its two-dimensionality and even the three-dimensionality of sculpture.
In his final decades Miró accelerated his work in different media producing hundreds of ceramics, including the Wall of the Moon and Wall of the Sun at the UNESCO building in Paris. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 He also made temporary window paintings (on glass) for an exhibit. In the last years of his life Miró wrote his most radical and least known ideas, exploring the possibilities of gas sculpture and four-dimensional painting. Gas sculpture is a proposal made by Joan Miró in his late writings to make Sculpture out of gaseous materials
He died bedridden, at his home in Palma, Mallorca on December 25, 1983. Palma is the major City and port on the island of Majorca and capital city of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands in Spain Majorca ( Spanish and Mallorca is the largest island of Spain. Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) He suffered from heart disease, and had visited a clinic for respiratory problems two weeks before his death. [4] Many of his pieces are exhibited today in the Fundació Joan Miró in Montjuïc, Barcelona and the U. The Fundació Joan Miró Centre d'Estudis d'Art Contemporani ( Joan Miró Foundation) is a museum of Modern art honoring Joan Miró and located on Montjuïc (ˌmɔntˈdʒuik alternatively spelled Montjuic or Montjuich) is a hill located in Barcelona, Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia S. National Gallery in Washington, D. C. ; he is buried nearby, at the Montjuïc cemetery. Today, his paintings sell for between US$250,000 and US$17 million, which was the auction price for the La Caresse des etoiles on May 6, 2008 and is the highest amount paid for one of Miró's works. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [5]
Awards
Joan Miró won several awards in his lifetime. The Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía (MNCARS is the official name of Spain 's national Museum of 20th century Art (informally shortened to Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain. The Fundació Joan Miró Centre d'Estudis d'Art Contemporani ( Joan Miró Foundation) is a museum of Modern art honoring Joan Miró and located on Montjuïc (ˌmɔntˈdʒuik alternatively spelled Montjuic or Montjuich) is a hill located in Barcelona, Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia In 1958 he was given the Venice Biennale print making prize, in May 1959 the Guggenheim International Award, and in 1980 he received the Gold Medal of Fine Arts from King Juan Carlos of Spain. The Venice Biennale (Biennale di Venezia also called in English the "Venice Biennial " is a major Contemporary art exhibition that takes place once Early life Juan Carlos was born in Rome, where his grandfather Alfonso XIII of Spain lived in exile after the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic
In pop culture
Joan Miró is mentioned in Paulo Coelho's 'Eleven Minutes', several times in the fourth section of the novel, and twice towards the end. Paulo Coelho (ˈpau̯lu ˈko̯eʎu (born August 24, 1947) is a Brazilian Lyricist and Novelist. Eleven Minutes ( Onze Minutos) is a 2003 novel by Paulo Coelho based around a young prostitute named Maria The protagonist of "Eleven Minutes" relates his style of art to that of Miró's. Eleven Minutes ( Onze Minutos) is a 2003 novel by Paulo Coelho based around a young prostitute named Maria
A statue of Miró's is found on the campus of Springfield University in The Simpsons's episode "That 90s Show. " That 90's Show " is the eleventh episode of The Simpsons ' nineteenth season. "
Miró's work is referenced in the Music Video for Steely Dan's New Frontier. A music video is a Short film or video that accompanies a complete piece of music most commonly a Song with lyrics Steely Dan is a American rock band centered on core members Walter Becker and Donald Fagen. The term New Frontier was used by John F Kennedy in his acceptance speech in the 1960 United States presidential election to the Democratic National Convention at "
He inspired the naming of the Miró quartet, one of America's highest-profile chamber groups, which was founded at the Oberlin Conservatory in 1995
Late life
Miró received a Doctor Honoris Causa in 1979 from the University of Barcelona. The Oberlin Conservatory of Music, located in Oberlin Ohio, was founded in 1865 and is the oldest continuously operating conservatory in the United States He died in Majorca in 1983. [6]
References
- ^ Spector, Nancy. "The Tilled Field, 1923-1924". Guggenheim display caption. This article refers to the Guggenheim's landmark New York museum Retrieved on May 30, 2008. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- ^ M. Rowell, Joan Mirό: Selected Writings and Interviews (London: Thames & Hudson, 1987) pp. 114-116.
- ^ Janis Mink, Miró (Los Angeles: Taschen, 2003), p. 43.
- ^ "Joan Miro dies in Spain at 90" (December 26 1983). New York Times: 41.
- ^ Afp.google.com, Monet fetches record price at New York auction
- ^ Joan Miró (Spanish), 1893-1983: Featured artist works, exhibitions and biography fromWalton Fine Arts
External links
- Fundació Pilar i Joan Miró a Mallorca (Joan and Pilar Miró Foundation in Mallorca)
- Fundació Joan Miró (Joan Miró Foundation in Barcelona)
- UNESCO works of art collection
- Joan Miro at Artcyclopedia.com
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