João Fernandes (pronounced [ʒuˈɐ̃ũ fɨɾˈnɐ̃ðɨʃ]) (John, Joam) (sometimes called João Fernandes Lavrador) was a Portuguese explorer of the 15th century. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. He was perhaps the earliest of modern explorers in the upland of West Africa, and a pioneer of the European slave- and gold-trade of Guinea. West Africa or Western Africa is the Westernmost Region of the African Continent. As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 Guinea, officially Republic of Guinea (pronounced /ˈgɪni/ République de Guinée is a country in West Africa, formerly known as French Guinea
We first hear of him (before 1445) as a captive of the Barbary Moors in the western Mediterranean; while among these he acquired a knowledge of Arabic, and probably conceived the design of exploration in the interior of the continent whose coasts the Portuguese were now unveiling. The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Muslim (and earlier non-Muslim people of Berber and Arab descent Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language
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Life away from Europe
In 1445 he volunteered to stay in Guinea and gather what information he could for Prince Henry the Navigator; with this object he accompanied Antão Gonçalves to the "River of Gold" (Rio d'Ouro, Río de Oro), where he landed and went inland with some native shepherds. Guinea, officially Republic of Guinea (pronounced /ˈgɪni/ République de Guinée is a country in West Africa, formerly known as French Guinea The Infante Henrique Duke of Viseu ( Porto, March 4, 1394 – Sagres, November 13, 1460) pron Antão Gonçalves was a 15th century Portuguese explorer and slave trader who was the first European to buy Africans as slaves from Río de Oro ( Spanish for " Gold River" Arabic: وادي الذهب wādī-að-ðahab, often transliterated as Oued Edhahab is with He stayed seven months in the country and was then taken off again by Gonçalves at a point farther down the coast, near the "Cape of Ransom" (Cape Mirik); and his account of his experiences proved of great interest and value, not only as to the natural features, climate, fauna and flora of the south-western Sahara, but also as to the racial affinities, language, script, religion, nomad habits, and trade of its inhabitants. The Sahara (الصحراء الكبرى aṣ-ṣaḥrā´ al-kubra, "The Great Desert" is the world's largest hot Desert and the world's second largest These people maintained a certain trade in slaves, gold, etc. , with the Barbary coast (especially with Tunis), and classed as "Arabs," "Berbers," and "Tawny Moors" did not then write or speak Arabic. The Barbary Coast, or Barbary, was the term used by Europeans from the 16th until the 19th century to refer to the middle and western coastal regions of North Africa—what Tunis ( Arabic: تونس Tūnis) is the Capital of the Tunisian Republic and also the Tunis
Expeditions
In 1446 and 1447 Fernandes accompanied other expeditions to the Rio d'Ouro and other parts of West Africa in the service of Prince Henry. He was personally known to Gomes Eannes de Azurara, the historian of this early period of Portuguese expansion; and from Azurara's language it is clear that Fernandes' revelation of unknown lands and races was fully appreciated at home. Gomes Eannes de Zurara, Gomes Eanes de Zurara (c 1410 – 1474 was the second of the notable Portuguese Chroniclers after Fernão Lopes.
Fernandes was granted a patent by King Manuel I in 1499 given him the right to explore that part of the Atlantic Ocean as set out in the Treaty of Tordesillas. Manuel I (mɐnuˈɛɫ Archaic Portuguese: Manoel I, English: Emmanuel I) the Fortunate ( Port The Treaty of Tordesillas ( Portuguese: Tratado de Tordesilhas, Spanish: Tratado de Tordesillas) signed at Tordesillas (now in [1]
Fernandes, together with Pêro de Barcelos, first sighted the province Labrador in 1498. Fernandes charted the coasts of Southwestern Greenland and of adjacent Northeastern North America around 1498 and gave notice of them in Europe. Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat meaning "Land of the Greenlanders" Grønland is a self-governing Danish Province located between the The areas are believed to have been named island of the Labrador and land of the Labrador (modern-day Labrador), respectively, after him. Modern Labrador Just like its island neighbour Newfoundland early settlement in Labrador was tied to the sea as demonstrated by the Montagnais, Innu and His landowner status allowed him to use the title lavrador ("landholder" in Portuguese) (pronounced [lɐvɾɐˈðoɾ]) .
On early sixteenth maps a landmass west of Greenland bears the title Terra Laurador, and Terra Laboratoris. Upon his return from Greenland he sailed to Bristol and received a patent from King Henry VII and in 1501 Fernandes set sail again in discovery of lands in the name of England. He was never heard from again.
Fernandes was granted title to much of the lands he had discovered and is considered the first European landowner in Labrador.
References
- ^ Kevin Major, As Near to Heaven by Sea: A History of Newfoundland and Labrador, 2001, ISBN 0-14-027864-8
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. Kevin Major (born September 12, 1949) is a Canadian Children's author who lives in St The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
See also
External links
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Lavrador, João Fernandes |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Portuguese explorer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Portugal |
| DATE OF DEATH | |
| PLACE OF DEATH | |
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