Louis Cha 查良鏞
Born	February 6, 1924 (1924-02-06) (age 84) Haining, Zhejiang, China
Pen name	Jin Yong 金庸
Occupation	novelist, essayist
Nationality	People's Republic of China
Writing period	1955–1972
Genres	Wuxia
Children	4
Official website http://www.jinyong.com

Louis Cha, OBE (traditional Chinese: 查良鏞; simplified Chinese: 查良镛; pinyin: Zhā Liángyōng; born 6 February 1924), known with his pen name Jin Yong (Chinese: 金庸; pinyin: Jīn Yōng; Cantonese Yale: Gàm Yùhng), is one of the most influential modern Chinese-language novelists. The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British Order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use The Yale romanizations are four systems created during World War II for use by United States military personnel. A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story Co-founder of the Hong Kong daily Ming Pao, which he started in 1959, he was the paper's first editor-in-chief and held this position until 1993, when he retired. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders Ming Pao ( is a Chinese language Newspaper published by Ming Pao Group in Hong Kong. A publication's editor in chief is its Primary editor, having final responsibility for the operations and policies

Cha's fiction, which are of the wuxia genre, has a widespread following in Chinese-speaking areas, including Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Southeast Asia, and United States. Wuxia or Wǔxiá ( Mandarin ùɕiɑ̌ Hanyu Pinyin: Wǔxiá, Cantonese Pinyin: mou5 hap6 Taiwanese/Hokkien bu hiap Mainland China, Continental China, the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is a geopolitical term synonymous with the area that is under the jurisdiction Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the His fourteen novels and a short fiction composed between 1955 and 1972 earned him a reputation as one of the finest wuxia ("martial arts and chivalry") writers ever. A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story Fiction is the telling of stories which are not real More specifically fiction is an imaginative form of Narrative, one of the four basic Rhetorical modes. Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Martial arts are systems of codified practices and traditions of training for Combat. He is currently the best-selling Chinese author alive; over 100 million copies of his works have been sold worldwide^[1] (not including unknown number of bootleg copies)^[2]

Cha's works have been translated into Korean, English, Japanese, French, Vietnamese, Indonesian, Burmese and Thai and he has many fans abroad as well, thanks to the numerous adaptations of his works made into films, television series, and video games. 'Copyright infringement' (or copyright violation) is the unauthorized use of material that is covered by Copyright law in a manner that violates This article is mainly about the spoken Korean language See Hangul for details on the native Korean writing system English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Vietnamese ( tiếng Việt, or less commonly Việt ngữ) formerly known under French colonization as Annamese ( see Annam) Indonesian or Bahasa Indonesia, based on the Riau version of Malay language, was declared the official language with the declaration of The Burmese language (မြန်မာဘာသာ myà̃mà bàθà MLCTS: myanma bhasa) is the official Language of Burma. Thai (th ภาษาไทย, transcription: phasa thai, transliteration:; pʰāːsǎːtʰāj is the national and A television program (US television programme (UK or television show (U A video game is a Game that involves interaction with a User interface to generate visual feedback on a video device.

Asteroid 10930 Jin Yong (1998 CR₂) is named after him. ^[3]

Contents 1 Biography 2 Family Life 3 Decorations and conferments 4 Novels 4.1 Couplet 4.2 Editions 4.3 Patriotism, Jiang Hu and development on Hero-ism 4.4 Criticisms 5 Characters 5.1 Leading male characters 5.2 Leading female characters 5.3 The "Five Supreme" martial artists (五絕) 5.4 Dugu Qiu Bai (獨孤求敗) 5.5 Huang Shang 5.6 Adaptation of actual historical figures 6 Schools 7 Timeline 8 Jin Yong in English 9 Adaptations 10 See also 11 External links 12 References

Biography

Names
	Given name	Pen name
Trad.	查良鏞	金庸
Simp.	查良镛	金庸
pinyin	Zhā Liángyōng	Jīnyōng
Cantonese Yale	Chàh Lèuhng-yùhng	Kām-yùhng
Thai		กิมย้ง
Vietnamese	Tra Lương Dung	Kim Dung
Korean	Sa Ryang Yong	Kim Yong
pen name created by splitting last character of given name

A native of Haining county, Zhejiang province, Republic of China, Cha is the second of seven children from an illustrious family of scholars; his grandfather was a jinshi. Personal Names in Chinese culture follow a number of conventions different from those of personal names in Western cultures. Personal Names in Chinese culture follow a number of conventions different from those of personal names in Western cultures. A pen name, nom de plume, or literary double, is a Pseudonym adopted by an Author or their publishers to conceal their identity Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use The Yale romanizations are four systems created during World War II for use by United States military personnel. The Thai Alphabet (อักษรไทย àksŏn thai) is used to write the Thai language and other minority languages in Thailand Vietnamese ( tiếng Việt, or less commonly Việt ngữ) formerly known under French colonization as Annamese ( see Annam) This article is mainly about the spoken Korean language See Hangul for details on the native Korean writing system Haining ( Chinese 海宁市 is a county-level city in Zhejiang Province, China, and under the jurisdiction of Jiaxing. Zhejiang ( is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The Imperial examinations ( in Imperial China determined who among the population would be permitted to enter the state's Bureaucracy. Cha was an avid reader of literature from an early age, especially of wuxia fiction, and of the classical fiction. He was once expelled from his high school for openly criticizing the Nationalist regime as autocratic. He first studied at Zhejiang Province Jiaxing High School, and was admitted to the Faculty of Foreign Languages of the Central University, located in Chungking (Chongqing). ^[4] Cha later transferred to the Faculty of Law at Dongwu University to major in International Law, with the intention of working as a foreign relations official. Soochow University ( is a private university located in Taipei, Taiwan ( Republic of China)

In 1947, Cha entered Shanghai's newspaper Ta Kung Pao as a journalist. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million Ta Kung Pao ( formerly L'Impartial) is the oldest active Chinese language Newspaper in China. One year later, he was posted to the Hong Kong division as a copyeditor. Copy editing (also copy-editing and copyediting) is the editorial work that an editor does to make Formatting changes and improvements to a manuscript He would reside in Hong Kong for the rest of his life. When Cha was transferred to Hsin Wan Pao as Deputy Editor, he met Chen Wentong, who in 1953 wrote his first wuxia novel under the pseudonym Liang Yusheng (Chinese: 梁羽生; pinyin: Liáng Yǔshēng). The New Evening Post ( Chinese 新晚報 was a Hong Kong Newspaper. Liang Yusheng ( (born 5 April 1926) is the penname of Chen Wentong ( a famous Wuxia novelist born in Mengshan, Guangxi Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Liang Yusheng ( (born 5 April 1926) is the penname of Chen Wentong ( a famous Wuxia novelist born in Mengshan, Guangxi Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Chen and Cha became good friends, and it was under the former's influence that Cha began work on his first serialized martial arts novel, The Romance of the Book and Sword, in 1955. The Book and the Sword ( literally "Book Sword Love Hate Record" or more figuratively "Chronicles of Gratitude Feud the Book and the Sword" is the Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) In 1957, while still working on wuxia serializations, he quit his previous job and worked as a scenarist-director and scriptwriter at the Great Wall Movie Enterprises Ltd and Phoenix Film Company. Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) Great Wall Studio was Hong Kong's leading left-wing studio and one committed to making progressive mandarin films with social content as well as entertainment value

In 1959, together with fellow high-school mate Shen Pao Sing (traditional Chinese: 沈寶新; simplified Chinese: 沈宝新; pinyin: Shěn Bǎoxīn), Cha founded the Hong Kong newspaper Ming Pao. The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Hong Kong is home to many of Asia's biggest Newspapers. The territory has one of the world's largest press industries and is a major centre for Print journalism Ming Pao ( is a Chinese language Newspaper published by Ming Pao Group in Hong Kong. Cha served as its Editor-in-Chief for years, writing both serialized novels and editorials, amounting to some 10,000 characters per day. His editorials were well respected, and Ming Pao gradually gained a reputation as one of Hong Kong's most highly rated press. His novels also earned him a large readership. Cha wrote his last wuxia novel in 1972, after which he officially retired from writing, and spent the remaining years of that decade editing and revising his literary works instead. Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The first complete definitive edition of his works appear in 1979. Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) In 1980, Jin Yong wrote a postscript to Wu Gongzao's tai chi classic Wu Jia Taijiquan, in which he described influences from as far back as Laozi and Zhuangzi on contemporary Chinese martial arts. Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) Wu Kung-tsao (1902&ndash1983 was a famous Chinese teacher of T'ai chi ch'uan. The Tai chi classics are Classical texts used as guides for the practice of the Chinese martial art of Tai chi chuan. Laozi ( also Lao Tse, Lao-Tzu, Laotze, Lao Zi, Laocius, and other variations was a philosopher of ancient For the book with the same name see Zhuangzi (book Zhuangzi ( was an influential Chinese philosopher who lived around the 4th Kung fu and wushu are popular terms that have become synonymous with Chinese Martial arts. ^[5]

By then, Cha's martial arts novels have earned great popularity in Chinese-speaking areas. Martial arts are systems of codified practices and traditions of training for Combat. All of his novels have since been adapted into films, TV series and radio series in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Mainland China. The important characters in his novels are so well-known to the public that they can be alluded to with ease between all three regions.

In later years in the 1970s, Cha was involved in Hong Kong politics. Politics of Hong Kong takes place in a framework of a political system dominated by People's Republic of China, its own legislature the Chief Executive He was a member of the Hong Kong Basic Law drafting committee, although, after the Tiananmen Square massacre in 1989, he resigned in protest. The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, or simply Hong Kong Basic Law, serves as the Constitutional document The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 culminating in the Tiananmen Square Massacre (referred to in Chinese as the June Fourth Incident, to avoid confusion with two Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) He was also part of the Preparatory Committee set up in 1996 to supervise Hong Kong's transition by the Chinese government. ^[6]

In 1993, Cha prepared for retirement from editorial work, selling all his shares in Ming Pao. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Together with the royalties from his works, Cha's personal wealth is estimated at some HK$600 million.

Family Life

Cha married three times in his life. He divorced twice, and has two sons and two daughters, all from his second marriage. His eldest son committed suicide while a student at Columbia University.

Decorations and conferments

In addition to his novels, Cha has also written many non-fiction works on the history of China. For his achievements, he has received many honors.

Cha was awarded the OBE in 1981. The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British Order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 He is a Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur (1992) and a Commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (2004), both awarded by the French government. The Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Order of Arts and Literature is an Order of France, established on May 2, 1957 by the Minister ^[7]

Cha has also been made an honorary professor by Peking University, Zhejiang University, Nankai University, Soochow University, Huaqiao University, National Tsing Hua University, Hong Kong University (Department of Chinese Studies), the University of British Columbia, and Sichuan University, as well as an honorary doctor by Hong Kong University (Department of Social Science), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, the Open University of Hong Kong, the University of British Columbia, Soka University and the University of Cambridge. Peking University ( of Beijing, colloquially known in Chinese as Beida (北大 Běidà) is the first formally established university and the first Zhejiang University ( ZJU;) sometimes referred to as Zheda, is a national university in China. Nankai University ( is a public university in Tianjin, PR China Soochow University refers to two distinct institutions for higher learning one located in Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China and the other in Huaqiao University ( Chinese: 华侨大学 Pinyin: Huá Qiáo Dà Xué is a University located in Quanzhou, Fujian province National Tsing Hua University ( Taiwanese POJ: Chheng-hôa Tāi-ha̍k abbreviated as NTHU) is a university in Hsinchu City, Taiwan. The University of British Columbia ( UBC) is a Canadian public research University with campuses near Vancouver and in Kelowna Sichuan University ( is one of the oldest and prestigious Universities in China,located in the city of Chengdu, in the Sichuan province of the The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) is a university with a proud and illustrious history The Open University of Hong Kong ( OUHK, OpenU,) is a Hong Kong university providing sub-degree degree and postgraduate courses leading to awards The University of British Columbia ( UBC) is a Canadian public research University with campuses near Vancouver and in Kelowna The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the He is also an Honorary Fellow of St Antony's College, Oxford and Robinson College, Cambridge, and Wynflete Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. St Antony's College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. Robinson College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Cambridge. Magdalen College redirects here see also Magdalene College Cambridge Magdalen College (ˈmɔːdlɨn "maudlin" is one of the constituent

When receiving his honorary doctorate at the University of Cambridge, Cha expressed a wish to be a full-time student at Cambridge for 4 years to attain a non-honorary doctorate. The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the ^[8] As of June 2007, Cha is still studying for his PhD in Oriental Studies (Chinese History) at St. John's College, Cambridge. "PhD" redirects here for other uses see PhD (disambiguation. St John's College, an institution known formally as The Master Fellows and Scholars of the College of St John the Evangelist in the University of Cambridge is a

Novels

Cha wrote a total of 15 pieces, of which one ("Sword of the Yue Maiden") was a short story and the other 14 were novels and novellas of various length. A novella is a written, Fictional Prose Narrative longer than a Novelette but shorter than a Novel. Most of his novels were initially published in daily instalments in the newspaper. The book editions were printed later. In order of publication these are (alternate translation in parentheses):

1. The Book and the Sword - T: 書劍恩仇錄 S: 书剑恩仇录 (first published on The New Evening Post in 1955)
2. Sword Stained with Royal Blood - T: 碧血劍 S: 碧血剑 (first published on Hong Kong Commercial Daily in 1956)
3. The Legend of the Condor Heroes - T: 射鵰英雄傳 S: 射雕英雄传 (first published on Hong Kong Commercial Daily in 1957)
4. Flying Fox of Snowy Mountain - T: 雪山飛狐 S: 雪山飞狐 (first installment appeared on the first issue of Ming Pao in 1959)
5. The Return of the Condor Heroes - T: 神鵰俠侶 S: 神雕侠侣 (1959)
6. Other Tales of the Flying Fox - T: 飛狐外傳 S: 飞狐外传 (1960)
7. Swordswoman Riding West on White Horse T: 白馬嘯西風 S: 白马啸西风 (first published on Ming Pao in 1961)
8. Blade-dance of the Two Lovers T: 鴛鴦刀 S: 鸳鸯刀 (first published on Ming Pao in 1961)
9. Heaven Sword and Dragon Sabre - T: 倚天屠龍記 S: 倚天屠龙记 (first published on Ming Pao in 1961)
10. A Deadly Secret - T: 連城訣 S: 连城诀 (first published on Southeast Asia Weekly 《東南亞周刊》in 1963)
11. Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils - T: 天龍八部 S: 天龙八部 (1963)
12. Ode to Gallantry - T: 俠客行 S: 侠客行 (1965)
13. The Smiling, Proud Wanderer - 笑傲江湖 (first published on Ming Pao in 1967)
14. The Deer and the Cauldron - T: 鹿鼎記 S: 鹿鼎记 (1969-1972)
15. Sword of the Yue Maiden - T: 越女劍 S: 越女剑 (1970)

Of these, the novels (The Legend of the Condor Heroes, The Return of the Condor Heroes, and The Heavenly Sword and the Dragon Saber) make up a trilogy that should be read in that sequence; a number of his other works are also linked to this trilogy (Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils is somewhat of a precursor to the Condor series). The Book and the Sword ( literally "Book Sword Love Hate Record" or more figuratively "Chronicles of Gratitude Feud the Book and the Sword" is the The New Evening Post ( Chinese 新晚報 was a Hong Kong Newspaper. Sword Stained with Royal Blood ( was first published in Hong Kong Commercial Daily in 1956. The Hong Kong Commercial Daily ( Chinese 香港商報 (HKCD is a Business -oriented Newspaper, published in Broadsheet format The Legend of Condor Heroes ( is one of the most acclaimed Wuxia novels by Jinyong, first published in 1957 in Hong Kong Commercial Flying Fox of Snowy Mountain ( or Fox Volant of the Snowy Mountain, is a Wuxia novel by Jinyong. Ming Pao ( is a Chinese language Newspaper published by Ming Pao Group in Hong Kong. The Return of the Condor Heroes ( is a classic Wuxia novel written by Jin Yong, first published on May 20, 1959 in the first issue Other Tales of the Flying Fox ( is a Wuxia novel by Jinyong. Its title is also translated as Young Flying Fox in English The White Horse in the West Wind ( is a Wuxia Novella written by Jinyong. Blade-dance of the Two Lovers ( is a Wuxia Novella written by Jinyong. Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber ( is a Chinese Wuxia Novel by Jinyong, first serialized in Ming Pao. A Deadly Secret ( is a Wuxia novel by Jinyong, alternately translated as Requiem of Ling Sing. Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils ( is a long Wuxia novel written by Jinyong. Ode to Gallantry ( is a Chinese Wuxia novel written in by Jinyong and released in 1965. The Smiling Proud Wanderer ( is a 1967 Chinese-language Wuxia novel written by Louis Cha, who was better known as Jinyong The Deer and the Cauldron ( or The Duke of Mount Deer is the last Wuxia Novel written by Jinyong. Sword of the Yue Maiden ( is a Wuxia Short story written by Jinyong. A trilogy is a set of three works of art usually Literature, Film, or Video games, that are connected and can be seen either as a single work or three Flying Fox of Snowy Mountain and The Young Flying Fox are companion pieces with the same protagonist with appearances of characters from The Book and the Sword. Characters from Sword Stained with Royal Blood also appear in his final novel The Deer and the Cauldron.

Couplet

After Jin Yong completed all his titles, it was discovered that the first characters of the first 14 titles can be joined together to form a couplet with 7 characters on each line:

Traditional Chinese

飛雪連天射白鹿
笑書神俠倚碧鴛

Simplified Chinese

飞雪连天射白鹿
笑书神侠倚碧鸳

Loose translation

Shooting a white deer, snow flutters around the skies;
Smiling, [one] writes about the divine chivalrous one, leaning against bluish lovebirds (or lover)

Cha himself has stated that he has never intended for any such couplet, or to have 14 books in the first place; and his explanation is reasonable, since the couplet itself sounds somewhat forced in the second line. A couplet is a pair of lines of verse. It usually consists of two lines that rhyme and have the same meter Thus, the couplet serves primarily as a handy mnemonic to remember all of Jin Yong's work for his fans. A mnemonic device (nəˈmɒnɪk is a Memory aid Commonly met mnemonics are often verbal something such as a very short poem or a special word used to help a person remember

Editions

Most of Jin Yong's work were initially published in instalments in Hong Kong newspapers, most often in Ming Pao. The Return of the Condor Heroes was his first novel serialized in Ming Pao, which was launched on 20 May 1959. The Return of the Condor Heroes ( is a classic Wuxia novel written by Jin Yong, first published on May 20, 1959 in the first issue Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held Between 1970 and 1980, Jin Yong revised all of his work. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) The result is called the "New Edition" (新版, also known as 修訂版), in contrast with the "Old Edition" (舊版). Some characters and events were written out completely, most notably mystical elements and 'unnecessary' characters, such as the "red bird" and "Qin Nanqing", the mother of Yang Guo in the first edition.

In Taiwan, the situation is more complicated, as Jin Yong's books were initially banned. As a result, there were multiple editions published underground, some of which were revised beyond recognition. Only in 1979 was Jin Yong's complete collection published by Taiwan's Yuenching Publishing House (遠景出版社). Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar)

In mainland China, the Wulin (武林) magazine in Guangzhou became the first to officially publish Jin Yong's work, starting from 1980. Mainland China, Continental China, the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is a geopolitical term synonymous with the area that is under the jurisdiction Guangzhou ( Jyutping: Gwong²zau¹; Yale: Gwóngjàu) is the Capital and a Sub-provincial city Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) Jin Yong's complete collection in Simplified Chinese was published by Beijing's Sanlian Shudian (三联书店) in 1994. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Meanwhile Minheshe Singapore-Malaysia (明河社星马分公司) published Jin Yong's collection, in Simplified Chinese for Southeast Asian readers in 1995. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995

From 1999 to 2006, Jin Yong revised his novels for the second (and probably last) time. Each of his works is carefully revised, re-edited and re-issued in the order when he wrote them. This revision has been completed in spring 2006, with the publication of the last, The Deer and the Cauldron. The newly revised edition, known variably as the 世紀新修版, 新修版 or 新新版 (in contrast to 新版), is noted for annotations in which Jin Yong answers criticisms directed against the historical accuracy of his work.

Patriotism, Jiang Hu and development on Hero-ism

Chinese nationalism or patriotism is a strong theme in Jin Yong's work. Chinese nationalism ( sometimes synonymous with Chinese Patriotism ( lit Throughout his books, Jin Yong places emphasis on the idea of Han Chinese self-determination and identity, and many of his novels are set in time periods when China proper was occupied or under the threat of occupation by northern peoples such as Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, or Manchus. Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. China proper (also known as Inner China) refers to the historical lands of China where the Han Chinese are the majority Ethnic group, in contrast The Khitan (or Khitai,) were a Nomadic people, located in Mongolia and modern Manchuria (Northeast China from the 4th century dominating much of it The Jurchens ( were a Tungus people who inhabited the region of Manchuria ( Northeast China) until the 17th century when they adopted the name Manchu The Manchu people ( Manchu: Manju;, Mongolian: Манж Russian: Маньчжуры are a Tungusic people who originated in However, Jin Yong gradually evolved Chinese nationalism into an inclusionist concept which encompasses all present-day non-Han minorities. Jin Yong himself expresses a fierce admiration for positive traits of non-Han Chinese people, like the Mongols and Manchus. Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. In The Legend of the Condor Heroes, for example, he casts Genghis Khan and his sons as capable and intelligent military leaders against the corrupt and ineffective bureaucrats of the Han Chinese Song Dynasty. Genghis Khan ( or;, Chinggis Khaan, ʧiŋgɪs χaːŋ Činggis Qaɣan; 1162–1227 born (meaning "ironworker" was the Mongol founder The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms

Jin Yong's books references ranging from Traditional Chinese Medicine, acupuncture, wushu, music, calligraphy, weiqi, tea culture, philosophical thoughts like Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and imperial Chinese history. Traditional Chinese medicine (also known as TCM,) includes a range of traditional medical practices originating in China. History Antiquity In China, the practice of acupuncture can perhaps be traced as far back as Kung fu and wushu are popular terms that have become synonymous with Chinese Martial arts. Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. Calligraphy (from Greek kallos "beauty" + graphẽ "writing" is the art of writing (Mediavilla 1996 17 Tea culture is defined by the way Tea is made and consumed by the way the people interact with tea and by the aesthetics surrounding tea drinking Confucianism ( is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system originally developed from the teachings of the fifth century B Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Taoism (pronounced /ˈdaʊɪzəm/ or /ˈtaʊɪzəm/ also spelled '''Daoism''') refers to a variety of related Philosophical and Religious traditions Chinese civilization originated in various city-states along the Yellow River ( valley in the Neolithic era Historical figures often intermingle with fictional ones, making it difficult for the layperson to distinguish which is which—a feature that attests to the believability of his characters.

His works show a great amount of respect and approval for traditional Chinese values, especially Confucian ideals such as the proper relationship between empire and subject, father and son, elder brother and younger brother, and (particularly strongly, due to the wuxia nature of his novels), between master and disciple, and fellow disciples. Wuxia or Wǔxiá ( Mandarin ùɕiɑ̌ Hanyu Pinyin: Wǔxiá, Cantonese Pinyin: mou5 hap6 Taiwanese/Hokkien bu hiap However, he also questions the validity of these values in the face of a modern society, such as ostracism experienced by his two main characters—Yang Guo's romantic relationship with his martial arts master Xiaolongnü (which was considered highly improper) in The Return of the Condor Heroes. The Fictional character Yang Guo ( is the Protagonist in the 1959 Chinese Wuxia Novel The Return of the Condor Xiaolongnü ( is a Fictional character from the Chinese Wuxia Novel Jin Yong also places a great amount of emphasis on traditional values such as face and honour. Face refers to two separate but related concepts in Chinese social relations.

Jin Yong breaks all the rules down in his final work The Deer and the Cauldron, where Wei Xiaobao is a bastard brothel boy who is greedy, lazy, and utterly disdainful of traditional rules of propriety. The Deer and the Cauldron ( or The Duke of Mount Deer is the last Wuxia Novel written by Jinyong. Wei Xiaobao ( is the main character in Jinyong 's last novel The Deer and the Cauldron (鹿鼎記 For the 2008 film of this name see The Brothel. For the television series of this name see Cathouse The Series. In his fourteen other serials, the protagonists or the heroes were explored meticulously in various aspects of their relationships with their masters, their immediate kins and relatives, and with their suitors or spouses. With the exception of Wei XiaoBao, all the heroes have acquired and attained the zenith in martial arts, most would be epitome or embodiment of the traditional Chinese values in words or deeds, i. e. virtuous, honourable, respectable, gentlemenly, responsible, patriotic and so forth.

In The Deer and the Cauldron, Cha intentionally created an anticlimax and an anti-Hero in Wei Xiaobao who possesses none of the desirable traditional values and no knowledge in any form of martial arts, and depends on a protective vest made of alloy to absorb full-frontal attack when in trouble, and a knife that can cut through anything. The Deer and the Cauldron ( or The Duke of Mount Deer is the last Wuxia Novel written by Jinyong. Wei Xiaobao ( is the main character in Jinyong 's last novel The Deer and the Cauldron (鹿鼎記 Wei was a street wise womanising weasel in short, with no admirable qualities whatsoever. One of Cha's contemporaneous fiction writer Ngai Hong or Ni Kuang wrote a connected critique to all of Cha work and concluded that Cha culminated his work with The Deer and the Cauldron as a satire to his earlier work, and a reminder to the readers for a reality check. Ni Kuang (also known as Ngai Hong I Kuang or Yi Kuang) ( (born May 30, 1935 in Ningbo, Zhejiang, Ni Kuang (also known as Ngai Hong I Kuang or Yi Kuang) ( (born May 30, 1935 in Ningbo, Zhejiang, The Deer and the Cauldron ( or The Duke of Mount Deer is the last Wuxia Novel written by Jinyong.

Criticisms

The study of Jin Yong's work has spun off an individual area of study and discussion: Jinology. For years, readers and critics have written works discussing, debating and analyzing his fictional world of martial arts; amongst the most famous are by Jin Yong's close friend and famous Chinese sci-fi novelist, Ni Kuang, who has written series of criticism analyzing the various personalities in his books. Ni Kuang (also known as Ngai Hong I Kuang or Yi Kuang) ( (born May 30, 1935 in Ningbo, Zhejiang,

Despite Jin Yong's popularity, some of his novels were banned outside Hong Kong due to political reasons. A number of them were outlawed in the People's Republic of China in the 1970s as they were thought to be satires of Mao Zedong and the Cultural Revolution; others were banned in the Republic of China on Taiwan as they were thought to be in support of the Communist Party of China. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Satire is often strictly defined as a literary genre or form; although in practice it is also found in the graphic and Performing arts In satire human Mao Zedong ( 26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Military and political leader who led The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in the People’s Republic of China was a struggle for power within the Communist Party of China that manifested into REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the None of these bans exists today, and Jin Yong's complete collection has been published multiple times in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Mainland China. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. Mainland China, Continental China, the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is a geopolitical term synonymous with the area that is under the jurisdiction Many politicians on both sides of the Straits are known to be readers of his works; Deng Xiaoping, for example, was himself a well-known reader. Deng Xiaoping ( 22 August 1904 19 February 1997) was a prominent Chinese Revolutionary, Politician, Pragmatist and Reformer

In late 2004, the People's Education Publishing House (人民教育出版社) of the People's Republic of China sparked off controversy by including an excerpt from Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils (天龙八部) in a new senior high school Chinese textbook. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils ( is a long Wuxia novel written by Jinyong. While some praised the inclusion of popular literature, others feared that the violence and unrealistic martial arts described in Jin Yong's work were unsuitable for high school students. At about the same time, Singapore's Ministry of Education announced a similar move for Chinese-learning students at secondary and junior college levels. Secondary school is a term used to describe an educational Institution where the final stage of compulsory schooling known as Secondary education, takes The term junior college refers to different educational institutions in different countries ^[9]

Characters

See also: List of characters in Condor Trilogy

Leading male characters

Lead male characters of Jin Yong novels are often portrayed from a young age (around adolescence). This article contains a list of characters that have appeared in Jin Yong 's Condor Trilogy. The plot usually follows their trials and tribulations, before they eventually (except Wei Xiaobao) attain the highest levels of martial arts.

Leading female characters

While leading female characters are mostly depicted in a supporting role in many contemporary martial arts works, many leading female characters in Jin Yong's novels are central to the plots, and depicted as strong, independent, and intelligent individuals as well as accomplished martial artists. For example, Huang Rong in The Legend of the Condor Heroes is portrayed not only as a companion of the male protagonist Guo Jing but also an independent, street-smart individual. Huang Rong 黄蓉 (born in 1203 died January 31, 1273) is a Fictional character in the novel The Legend of the Condor Heroes written The Legend of Condor Heroes ( is one of the most acclaimed Wuxia novels by Jinyong, first published in 1957 in Hong Kong Commercial Guo Jing ( died January 31, 1273) is the Fictional main character in The Legend of the Condor Heroes, a novel written by Chinese author Her intelligence and quick thinking is complementary to his physical strength. The female protagonist Huo Qingtong in Book and Sword: Gratitude and Revenge is a strong martial artist, a protective elder sister, a loyal daughter, and a guardian who vehemently fights for her people's interests. The Book and the Sword ( literally "Book Sword Love Hate Record" or more figuratively "Chronicles of Gratitude Feud the Book and the Sword" is the Indeed, she has more fight scenes than the male protagonist Chen Jialuo. Even though Qingtong's younger sister Princess Fragrance does not know wushu, she plays an essential role in the novel. Princess Fragrance (香香公主 is a character in the novel Book and Sword Gratitude and Revenge, the first novel of Jinyong. Near the end of the novel, Princess Fragrance shows that she is not just beautiful but also intelligent enough to see through the emperor's design. Princess Fragrance (香香公主 is a character in the novel Book and Sword Gratitude and Revenge, the first novel of Jinyong. She also has the courage to sacrifice herself to uphold her and her tribe's dignity and warn Chen Jialuo of the true intentions of the emperor. Yin Susu, Zhao Min, and Zhou Zhiruo are well characterized, showing courage, determination, and intelligence that at least equal those of the male protagonists in The Heavenly Sword and the Dragon Saber. Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber ( is a Chinese Wuxia Novel by Jinyong, first serialized in Ming Pao. Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber ( is a Chinese Wuxia Novel by Jinyong, first serialized in Ming Pao.

Jin Yong also experimented with some colourful but extremist female characters in Miejue Zitai the despicable wretched Taoist nun in Heaven Sword and Dragon Sabre who despite of her training and Taoist belief conducted herself to the opposite. Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber ( is a Chinese Wuxia Novel by Jinyong, first serialized in Ming Pao. In Li Mochou in The Return of the Condor Heroes who was a powerful opponent of Yang Guo to the end was a disturbed and the most ruthless killer from her failed courtship, in strong contrast to her younger alumnus from the Gumu Pai school Xiaolongnu who would be one of the most pristine, innocent and beautiful female second-lead in all of Jin Yong's novels. Li Mochou ( is a Fictional character from the Chinese Wuxia Novel The Return of the Condor Heroes ( Shen The Return of the Condor Heroes ( is a classic Wuxia novel written by Jin Yong, first published on May 20, 1959 in the first issue The Fictional character Yang Guo ( is the Protagonist in the 1959 Chinese Wuxia Novel The Return of the Condor Xiaolongnü ( is a Fictional character from the Chinese Wuxia Novel The venomous Qiu Chianchi (裘千尺) was tragic fully-paralyzed victim to avenge her own husband after surviving 18 years in a subterranean ravine in the The Return of the Condor Heroes. The Return of the Condor Heroes ( is a classic Wuxia novel written by Jin Yong, first published on May 20, 1959 in the first issue Jin Yong's brief descriptions of Dongfang Bubai in The Smiling Proud Wanderer was a self-castrated male nemesis who did so in order to complete his training in the superlative Sunflower Scripture (葵花寶典), a role later portrayed in movies by female actress. The Smiling Proud Wanderer ( is a 1967 Chinese-language Wuxia novel written by Louis Cha, who was better known as Jinyong

The "Five Supreme" martial artists (五絕)

One of the most successful portrayal of characters in Jin Yong's works is the creation of the "Five Supreme" martial art practitioners in the Condor Heroes series. The Condor Trilogy ( is a Trilogy of three Wuxia fiction novels by Jinyong. The quintet, which originally comprised Huang Yaoshi (“東邪”黃藥師) ("East Heretic"), Ouyang Feng of the West (“西毒”歐陽鋒) ("West Venom"), Duan Zhixing (“南帝”段智興) ("South Emperor"), Hong Qigong (“北丐”洪七公) ("North Beggar") and Wang Chongyang (“中神通”王重陽) ("Central Divinity") in Condor Heroes after the first Duel of Hua Shan (華山論劍), proved to be both a source of controversies and a scene of drama as the story proceed through Condor Heroes into The Return of the Condor Heroes. Huang Yaoshi ( Traditional Chinese: 黃藥師 Simplified Chinese: 黄药师 Pinyin: Huáng Yàoshī is a fictional character in Jinyong 's Ouyang Feng ( Traditional Chinese: 歐陽鋒 is a fictional character in Jinyong 's The Legend of the Condor Heroes and The Return of the Condor Heroes Duan Zhixing ( Traditional Chinese: 段智興 Temple name Xuanzong Posthumous name Gongji was the King of Dali between 1172 and Hong Qigong (洪七公 is a fictional character in Jinyong 's Wuxia novels appearing in both The Legend of the Condor Heroes and Wang Chongyang ( 11 January 1113 – 22 January 1170) calendar] 宋徽宗政和二年十二月廿二 – 金世宗大定十年正月初四] Jiu Yin Zhen Jing ( Traditional Chinese: 九陰真經 Simplified Chinese: 九阴真经 Pinyin: jiǔ yīn zhēn jīng lit The Return of the Condor Heroes ( is a classic Wuxia novel written by Jin Yong, first published on May 20, 1959 in the first issue The composition of the quintet was eventually updated to comprise Huang Yaoshi (“東邪”黃藥師) ("East Heretic"), Yang Guo (“西狂”楊過) ("West Obsession"), Yideng the Monk (“南僧”一燈) ("South Monk"), Guo Jing (“北俠”郭靖) ("North Hero") and Zhou Botong (“中頑童”周伯通) ("Central Mischief"). Huang Yaoshi ( Traditional Chinese: 黃藥師 Simplified Chinese: 黄药师 Pinyin: Huáng Yàoshī is a fictional character in Jinyong 's The Fictional character Yang Guo ( is the Protagonist in the 1959 Chinese Wuxia Novel The Return of the Condor Duan Zhixing ( Traditional Chinese: 段智興 Temple name Xuanzong Posthumous name Gongji was the King of Dali between 1172 and Guo Jing ( died January 31, 1273) is the Fictional main character in The Legend of the Condor Heroes, a novel written by Chinese author Zhou Botong (周伯通 is one of the most humorous characters in Legend of the Condor Hero and Return of the Condor Heroes.

Wang Chongyang (王重陽) who was the winner of the Hua Shan duel was a true historical Taoist monk who founded the Quanzhen Sect of Taoism in the Song Dynasty to whom Jin Yong paid the highest accolade in being the winner of the champions in the Five Supremes who taught generations of heroes to follow, and in recognition of Taoism teachings in which many variants of the martial arts terminology in his novels have been derived from, in namesake if not in practice. The Quanzhen ( School is a major sect of Taoism that originated in Northern China. Taoism (pronounced /ˈdaʊɪzəm/ or /ˈtaʊɪzəm/ also spelled '''Daoism''') refers to a variety of related Philosophical and Religious traditions The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms

Dugu Qiu Bai (獨孤求敗)

Dugu Qiu Bai is a unique character in Jin Yong's novels. Dugu Qiubai ( was a fictional character mentioned in three of Jin Yong 's novels The character himself never appeared in any of the novels, only his name and legendary skill were mentioned. His name roughly translates to "lonely seeking a loss" and is a reference to his lifestyle (that of a hermit) and to his fighting skill which has never allowed him to see defeat. His name was first mentioned in The Return of the Condor Heroes, and then again in The Smiling, Proud Wanderer (笑傲江湖). The Smiling Proud Wanderer ( is a 1967 Chinese-language Wuxia novel written by Louis Cha, who was better known as Jinyong He was last mentioned in The Deer and the Cauldron. The Deer and the Cauldron ( or The Duke of Mount Deer is the last Wuxia Novel written by Jinyong.

Huang Shang

Huang Shang is another unique character in Jin Yong's novel but much less known than Dugu Qiu Bai. Dugu Qiubai ( was a fictional character mentioned in three of Jin Yong 's novels But he and Dugu Qiu Bai are of the same period; late Song dynasty. He was mentioned by Zhou Botong in The Legend of the Condor Heroes as the creator of Jiu Yin Zhen Jing. Zhou Botong (周伯通 is one of the most humorous characters in Legend of the Condor Hero and Return of the Condor Heroes. The Legend of Condor Heroes ( is one of the most acclaimed Wuxia novels by Jinyong, first published in 1957 in Hong Kong Commercial Jiu Yin Zhen Jing ( Traditional Chinese: 九陰真經 Simplified Chinese: 九阴真经 Pinyin: jiǔ yīn zhēn jīng lit His early life was a court official to fight against the powerful Ming Cult 明教 at his time. Manichaeism (in Modern Persian fa-Arab آیین مانی Āyin e Māni; Chinese zh 摩尼教 was one of the major Gnostic Religions originating Perhaps he's equally powerful as Dugu Qiu Bai. But there's no records both of them ever met.

Adaptation of actual historical figures

Jin Yong was very liberal in adapting actual historical characters into his books, often making them important support characters and attributing to them fictional dialogue, actions, and so forth, especially where the historical records are brief or silent as to their biographical details. For example, Borjigin Tolui, the youngest son of Mongol conqueror Genghis Khan, appears as a boyhood friend of Guo Jing, protagonist of The Legend of the Condor Heroes. Tolui, also rendered Toluy or Tolui Khan (Толуй; c 1190 &ndash 1232 was the youngest son of Genghis Khan by Börte. Genghis Khan ( or;, Chinggis Khaan, ʧiŋgɪs χaːŋ Činggis Qaɣan; 1162–1227 born (meaning "ironworker" was the Mongol founder Guo Jing ( died January 31, 1273) is the Fictional main character in The Legend of the Condor Heroes, a novel written by Chinese author The Legend of Condor Heroes ( is one of the most acclaimed Wuxia novels by Jinyong, first published in 1957 in Hong Kong Commercial Guo Jing's Mongolian teacher Jebe was a legendary warrior under Genghis Khan. Jebe or Jebei Noyan (Зэв Zev; d 1225 was one of the greatest Generals of Genghis Khan.

Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty is a smart and capable ruler, and a close friend of Wei Xiaobao, the protagonist in The Deer and the Cauldron. The Kangxi Emperor ( Mongolian Enkh Amgalan Khaan, May 4, 1654 &ndash December 20, 1722) was the third Emperor of Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China Wei Xiaobao ( is the main character in Jinyong 's last novel The Deer and the Cauldron (鹿鼎記 The Deer and the Cauldron ( or The Duke of Mount Deer is the last Wuxia Novel written by Jinyong. Other historical characters in The Deer and the Cauldron consist of Ao Bai, Wu Sangui, Wu Yingxiong; Wu Sangui's son, Li Zicheng, Chen Yuanyuan, Princess Changping; Ah-Ke's teacher, Shunzhi Emperor; Kang Xi's father and Songgotu who also called Suoertu; Wei XiaoBao's corrupted sworn brother who's the inner court high official. The Deer and the Cauldron ( or The Duke of Mount Deer is the last Wuxia Novel written by Jinyong. Oboi ( Manchu:;) ( c 1610?-1669 was a highly decorated Manchurian military commander and courtier who served in various military and administrative posts Wu Sangui ( styled Changbai 長白 or Changbo 長伯 (1612 &ndash October 2, 1678) was a Ming Chinese general who was Li Zicheng ( ( September 22, 1606 - 1644 born Lĭ Hóngjī (鴻基 was one of the major figures in the rebellion that brought down the Ming Dynasty China Chen Yuanyuan (Chinese 陈圆圆 1624–1681 born Xing Yuan (邢沅 lived near the end of the Ming Dynasty, and was a Concubine of Wu Sangui Princess Chángpíng ( (c 1629– September 26, 1646) birth name Zhū Huīchuò ( was the second daughter of China 's Chongzhen The Shunzhi Emperor ( March 15, 1638 &ndash February 5, 1661) was the second emperor of the Manchu Qing dynasty Songgotu (1636-1703 ( Manchu:; Chinese:索額圖 was a politician during the reign of Emperor Kangxi.

Li Zicheng, Princess Changping, Wu Sangui, Dorgon or Duoergun and Huang Taiji are also mentioned in Sword Stained with Royal Blood. Dorgon ( Manchu:;) ( November 17, 1612 &ndash December 31, 1650) also known as Hošoi Mergen Cin Wang, the Prince Huang Taiji ( November 28 1592 &ndash September 21 1643; reigned 1626 &ndash 1643 also transliterated as Hung Taiji Sword Stained with Royal Blood ( was first published in Hong Kong Commercial Daily in 1956.

In Flying Fox of Snowy Mountain, Li Zicheng was mentioned as the ancestors of the Hu, Miao, Fan and Tian were generals serving under him. Flying Fox of Snowy Mountain ( or Fox Volant of the Snowy Mountain, is a Wuxia novel by Jinyong. Qianlong Emperor was mentioned inside as well. Emperor Qianlong (Chinese 乾隆 Qiánlóng, Wade-Giles' Ch'ien-Lung', Mongolian Tengeriig Tetgesen Khaan, born Hongli (弘历 September

Qianlong emperor and Princess Fragrance were mentioned in The Book and the Sword. Princess Fragrance (香香公主 is a character in the novel Book and Sword Gratitude and Revenge, the first novel of Jinyong. The Book and the Sword ( literally "Book Sword Love Hate Record" or more figuratively "Chronicles of Gratitude Feud the Book and the Sword" is the

Even some lead characters are historical characters. Like Duan Yu from Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils Princess Changping from Sword Stained with Royal Blood ,and Princess Fragrance from The Book and the Sword. Duan Yu ( Traditional Chinese: 段譽; Simplified Chinese: 段誉, Style name Heyu, Temple name Xianzong Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils ( is a long Wuxia novel written by Jinyong. Princess Chángpíng ( (c 1629– September 26, 1646) birth name Zhū Huīchuò ( was the second daughter of China 's Chongzhen Sword Stained with Royal Blood ( was first published in Hong Kong Commercial Daily in 1956. Princess Fragrance (香香公主 is a character in the novel Book and Sword Gratitude and Revenge, the first novel of Jinyong. The Book and the Sword ( literally "Book Sword Love Hate Record" or more figuratively "Chronicles of Gratitude Feud the Book and the Sword" is the

Schools

A recurring theme in contemporary martial arts books is to group characters into different schools and sects and to portrait heroics of the main characters in the context of historical rivalries between and schools of martial arts. Jin Yong's books are no exception to this. Many of the schools of martial arts portrayed by Jin Yong's works, such as the Shaolin Monastery Sect (少林派) and the Wudang School (T: 武當派 S: 武当派), did exist in real life, though their details are inevitably subject to the artistic license of Jin Yong; other cults, such as the Beggars' Sect (T: 丐幫 S: 丐帮), are less well documented. The Shaolin Monastery or Shaolin Temple ( is a Chan Buddhist temple at Song Shan in Zhengzhou City Henan Province Beggars' Sect ( is a fictional organization often appearing in Chinese Wuxia novels most notably those by Jin Yong and Gu Long. It should be noted that Jin Yong's portrait of the schools and sects are mostly in line with their contemporary image in martial arts literature, and new sects such as the Ming Cult 明教 is the exception, used specifically as a fictional lead into the next era after the Mongolian in Ming Dynasty. Manichaeism (in Modern Persian fa-Arab آیین مانی Āyin e Māni; Chinese zh 摩尼教 was one of the major Gnostic Religions originating The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led

Timeline

Year	Novel
6th century BC	Sword of the Yue Maiden
11th century	Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils
12th century	The Legend of the Condor Heroes
13th century	The Return of the Condor Heroes
14th century	The Heavenly Sword and the Dragon Saber
15th century
16th century	(The Smiling, Proud Wanderer)1 (Ode to Gallantry)2
17th century	Sword Stained With Royal Blood The Deer and the Cauldron''
18th century	Book and Sword: Gratitude and Revenge Young Flying Fox Flying Fox of Snowy Mountain (A Deadly Secret)3

¹—The time frame of The Smiling, Proud Wanderer is unspecified; Jin Yong states that it is intentionally left ambiguous because the novel is allegorical in nature. The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC. Sword of the Yue Maiden ( is a Wuxia Short story written by Jinyong. Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils ( is a long Wuxia novel written by Jinyong. The Legend of Condor Heroes ( is one of the most acclaimed Wuxia novels by Jinyong, first published in 1957 in Hong Kong Commercial The Return of the Condor Heroes ( is a classic Wuxia novel written by Jin Yong, first published on May 20, 1959 in the first issue Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber ( is a Chinese Wuxia Novel by Jinyong, first serialized in Ming Pao. The Smiling Proud Wanderer ( is a 1967 Chinese-language Wuxia novel written by Louis Cha, who was better known as Jinyong Ode to Gallantry ( is a Chinese Wuxia novel written in by Jinyong and released in 1965. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar Sword Stained with Royal Blood ( was first published in Hong Kong Commercial Daily in 1956. The Deer and the Cauldron ( or The Duke of Mount Deer is the last Wuxia Novel written by Jinyong. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system The Book and the Sword ( literally "Book Sword Love Hate Record" or more figuratively "Chronicles of Gratitude Feud the Book and the Sword" is the Other Tales of the Flying Fox ( is a Wuxia novel by Jinyong. Its title is also translated as Young Flying Fox in English Flying Fox of Snowy Mountain ( or Fox Volant of the Snowy Mountain, is a Wuxia novel by Jinyong. A Deadly Secret ( is a Wuxia novel by Jinyong, alternately translated as Requiem of Ling Sing. The Smiling Proud Wanderer ( is a 1967 Chinese-language Wuxia novel written by Louis Cha, who was better known as Jinyong An allegory (from αλλος allos "other" and el αγορευειν agoreuein "to speak in public" is a figurative mode of representation Nevertheless, people have speculated on the timeframe; the most possible candidate is the Ming Dynasty, because the Wudang and Emei sects (founded at the start of the Ming Dynasty) appear prominently, and because the Manchus (who destroyed the Ming Dynasty) are not mentioned. The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led In several movie adaptations including 'Swordsman II' starring Jet Li, the story is specified to take place during the reign of the Wanli Emperor, which would make it the late Ming Dynasty but just before the period of Manchu encroachment. Li Lianjie (born April 26 1963 better known by his stage name Jet Li, is a Chinese martial artist (Kung fu Actor, Wushu champion Wanli Emperor ( September 4, 1563 - August 18, 1620) was Emperor of China ( Ming dynasty) between 1572 and 1620

² The time frame of Ode to Gallantry is also unspecified. Ode to Gallantry ( is a Chinese Wuxia novel written in by Jinyong and released in 1965. The only sources that would put the story in Ming Dynasty are that the mention of Zhang Sanfeng being already dead and the illustrations depict men wearing Han hairstyle. Zhang Sanfeng ( variant 張三豐 pronounced the same was a semi-mythical Chinese Taoist priest who is believed by some to have achieved Immortality,

³ The time frame of A Deadly Secret was ambiguous in its first and second editions. A Deadly Secret ( is a Wuxia novel by Jinyong, alternately translated as Requiem of Ling Sing. That Jin Yong specifically states that the story is inspired by the tragic story of his grandfather's servant seems to suggest that the events of the novel occurs near the end of the Qing Dynasty. Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China That the novel illustrations depict men wearing Manchu hairstyle supports this idea. In the third edition of the novel, Jin Yong links the story with a character from The Deer and the Cauldron, thus fully integrates it into Qing Dynasty.

Jin Yong in English

In the last few years, Jin Yong's novels have been translated into English. The books currently available are:

• The Book and the Sword (書劍恩仇錄) - published by Oxford University Press, translated by Graham Earnshaw, edited by John Minford and Rachel May
• The Deer and the Cauldron (鹿鼎記) (in three volumes) - published by Oxford University Press, translated by John Minford
• The Legend of the Condor Heroes (射鵰英雄傳) - forthcoming from John Minford and Oxford University Press (This project was abandoned a few years ago. )
• Fox Volant of the Snowy Mountain (雪山飛狐) - published by the China University Press, translated by Olivia Mok

Other works available in English include:

• Heaven Sword and Dragon Sabre (倚天屠龍記) - in comic book form by Wing Shing Ma, published by ComicsOne
• The Legendary Couple (神鵰俠侶) - in comic book form by Tony Wong, published by ComicsOne
• Laughing in the Wind (笑傲江湖) - DVD collection of the 2001 CCTV series with English subtitles released in the United States.

Adaptations

There are more than sixty TV series and films adapted from Jin Yong's novel. Dozens of role-playing games are based on Jin Yong's novels, a notable example of which is Heroes of Jin Yong (金庸群俠傳), which was based on the major characters in Jin Yong's novels. A role-playing game ( RPG; often roleplaying game) is a Game in which the participants assume the roles of Fictional characters. Heroes of Jin Yong (金庸群俠傳 first published in 1996, is a Computer role-playing game based on the storyline and characters in

See also

• Gu Long

External links

• (Chinese) Jin yong Teahouse (金庸茶館) - fansite of Jin Yong's novels in Chinese
• WuxiaWorld Site devoted to Wuxia literature, films, TV Series, and translations

References

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