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Jim Gary (March 17, 1939 – January 14, 2006) was an American sculptor popularly known for his large, colorful creations of dinosaurs made from discarded automobile parts and was recognized internationally for his fine, architectural, landscape, and whimsical monumental art. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the He was born in Sebastian, Florida, but lived in Colts Neck, New Jersey from early infancy. Sebastian is a city in Indian River County, Florida, United States. Colts Neck is a township in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. At the time of his death he was a resident of nearby Farmingdale. Farmingdale is a Borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. [1]

Jim Gary is the only living sculptor ever invited to present a solo exhibition at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D. A solo show or solo exhibition is an exhibition of the work of only one Artist. The Smithsonian Institution (smɪθsoʊnɪən is an educational and research institute and associated Museum complex administered and funded by the Government of The National Museum of Natural History is a Natural history Museum administered by the Smithsonian Institution, located on the National C. , which opened on April 12, 1990. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) In January 2006, Time stated that Gary's work "delighted kids as well as curators, including those at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History, where he had an acclaimed solo show in 1990. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and A solo show or solo exhibition is an exhibition of the work of only one Artist. "[1] During the same month, on January 24, 2006 the Los Angeles Times reported in an article, Jim Gary, 66; Artist Who Created Playful Dinosaur Skeletons From Car Parts, that some critics compared Jim Gary's sculptures with Pablo Picasso's famous bull's head made from a bicycle seat and handlebars. Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Los Angeles Times (also known as the LA Times) is a daily Newspaper published in Los Angeles California and distributed Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso (October 25 1881 &ndash April 8 1973

One of his works, a life-sized figure of a woman composed entirely of hardware gained the admiration of renowned sculptor Jacques Lipchitz at a sidewalk show in New York in the early 1960s. Hardware is a general term that refers to the physical artifacts of a Technology. Jacques Lipchitz ( August 22, 1891 - May 16, 1973) was a Cubist sculptor The City of New York

Contents

Biography

Although born in Florida, Jim Gary was raised from infancy in Colts Neck, New Jersey. While still at grammar school he moved out of his parents' home, making his own living doing odd jobs. For almost a year he secretly slept in the garage of the Sterner family, a prominent Monmouth County couple, who employed him regularly. Monmouth County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey, within the New York metropolitan area. Once the family discovered him, they provided space in their home for him. He remained close to them until they died.

From junk parts, Jim Gary built what he needed to get about, first a bicycle and soon—long before he was old enough to drive on the roads legally—automobiles. The bicycle, cycle, or bike is a pedal-driven, human-powered vehicle with two wheels attached to a frame, one behind He also developed a deft hand at welding. Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials usually Metals or Thermoplastics by causing coalescence. He competed in gymnastics as a student. Gymnastics is a Sport involving performance of exercises requiring physical strength agility and coordination After serving in the United States Navy he taught welding and gymnastics in a federal program. Shortly thereafter, applying his welding skills, he began making sculptures that he marketed as architectural elements, and showing his fine art in the New York metropolitan area. The term architecture (from Greek αρχιτεκτονικήarchitektoniki) can be used to mean a process a profession or documentation Fine art is any Art form developed primarily for Aesthetics rather than Utility.

Early career

Reassured of the caliber of his work by the compliments he received in the encounter with Lipchitz (who made a professional suggestion for a better method of preparing a stand for a life-sized torso Gary had on display), he established his gallery, Iron Butterfly, in Colts Neck featuring other artists he selected as well as his own work, later moving the gallery to Red Bank. The Borough of Red Bank is a Borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey incorporated in 1908 The multitalented Gerald Lubeck was one such artist featured at Gary's fledgling gallery. Classes were offered at the gallery by Jim Gary and Virginia Laudano.

Gary's fine art—such as the life-sized Universal Woman—wall units, bronze portraits, and abstracts consistently won top prizes when submitted in the professional show circuits of New York and the surrounding states. Fine art is any Art form developed primarily for Aesthetics rather than Utility. A wall is a usually solid structure that defines and sometimes protects an area Bronze is any of a broad range of Copper alloys, usually with Tin as the main additive but sometimes with other elements such as Phosphorus Abstract art uses a Visual language of form color and line to create a composition which exists independently of visual references to the world He featured stained glass in many of his formal sculptures. For the Blackford Oakes novel see Stained Glass (novel The term stained glass refers either to the material of coloured Glass or to the art He was commissioned to create entire suites of rooms, integrating his sculpture into furniture he built. Furniture is the Mass noun for the movable objects which may support the human body (seating furniture and beds, provide storage or hold objects on horizontal Commissions included ornate metal doors made to order. A door is a panel or barrier usually hinged or sliding that is used to cover an opening in a Wall or partition going into a building or space He sometimes used the products of clients to create fine art for their offices. Brewers especially liked to give huge seasonal wreaths he constructed from their original cans. Brewing is the production of Alcoholic beverage and Alcohol fuel through fermentation. A wreath is a ring made of Flowers leaves and sometimes Fruits that can be used as an ornament hanging on a wall or door or resting One of his works had brass fish swimming through copper seagrass. Brass is any Alloy of Copper and Zinc; the proportions of zinc and copper can be varied to create a range of brasses with varying properties Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 Seagrasses (or sea-grasses in British English) are Flowering plants from one of four plant families ( Posidoniaceae, Zosteraceae, Some of his sculptures were kinetic. Kinetic art is art that contains moving parts or depends on motion for its effect When other artists began to imitate his work, Gary always changed direction. Commissions from clients often asked merely for his interpretation of their favorite subject.

Examples of his many architectural sculptures include his baptismal font for St. A baptismal font is an article of church Furniture or a Fixture used for the Baptism of children and adults Benedict's Catholic Church in nearby Holmdel, a holocaust memorial commissioned in Springfield, his life-sized nudes in metal and stained glass for the Monmouth Opera Society, and the September 11 memorial at the Municipal Building in Colts Neck. Holmdel Township is a township in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as A memorial is an object which serves as a memory of something usually a person (who has died or an event see also Springfield Township Burlington County, New Jersey for another township in New Jersey with the same name Springfield Township Colts Neck is a township in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States.

As he gathered parts for the automobiles he constructed when he was young, Jim Gary said he realized that these parts resembled anatomical structures of insects, large birds, reptiles, and especially the bones of dinosaurs. Anatomy (from the Greek anatomia, from ana separate apart from and temnein, to cut up cut open is a branch of Biology that is the consideration Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Reptiles, or members of the class Reptilia are air-breathing Cold-blooded Vertebrates that have skin covered in scales as opposed to hair or feathers Bones are rigid organs that form part of the Endoskeleton of Vertebrates They function to move support and protect the various organs of the body produce Early in his career, he began to construct sculptures of those animals by assembling the automobile parts into almost life-sized models. He used as many as eight to ten vehicles to create his large dinosaur sculptures [2] and the unaltered parts are identifiable. Common tools became pivotal structures in some of his sculptures. A broader definition of a tool is an entity used to interface between two or more domains that facilitates more effective action of one domain upon the other Volkswagens metamorphosed into turtles. Turtles are Reptiles of the Order Testudines (all living turtles belong to the Crown group Chelonia) most of Gary had to invent equipment to build and move the huge sculptures, creating the scaffolding, hoists, and vehicles to haul the sculptures around at his rural workshop. Scaffolding is a temporary framework used to support people and material in the construction or repair of buildings and other large structures A hoist is a device used for lifting or lowering a load by means of a drum or lift-wheel around which rope or chain wraps

International traveling exhibition launched

These sculptures provided a unique display that became Jim Gary's hallmark, the traveling exhibition of Jim Gary's Twentieth Century Dinosaurs, which appealed to toddlers through grandparents. A hallmark is a mark or series of marks struck on items made of precious metals &mdash Platinum, Gold, Silver and in some nations Palladium Jim Gary ( March 17, 1939 – January 14, 2006) was an American sculptor popularly known for his large colorful creations Toddler is a common term for a young Child who is learning to walk or "toddle", generally considered to be the second stage of development after infancy Some of his signature sculptures exceeded sixty feet and Gary frequently painted them in bright colors using automobile paints. They often were transported to exhibitions on huge, open flatbed trucks, fascinating fellow travelers on the roads. A flatbed truck is a type of Truck which can be either articulated or rigid Impromptu parades formed as drivers followed the dinosaurs to their destination or a stopping point, and people milled around the trucks asking questions and admiring the sculptures. A parade (also called march or marchpast) is a procession of people usually organized along a street often in Costume, and often accompanied by Fire In January 2006, the Los Angeles Times reported that "one of his works, Stegosaurus, is included in Alphabet Animals, a children's book by Charles Sullivan that includes depictions of animals by John James Audubon, Alexander Calder, and Marc Chagall. Stegosaurus (ˌstɛgəˈsɔrəs is a Genus of stegosaurid armoured Dinosaur from the Late Jurassic period ( John James Audubon ( April 26 1785 – January 27 1851) was an American ornithologist, naturalist, hunter Alexander Calder (22 July 1898 – 11 November 1976 also known as Sandy Calder, was an American sculptor and Artist most famous for inventing Marc Chagall (מאַרק שאַגאַל&lrm Belarusian: Мойша Захаравіч Шагалаў Mojša Zaharavič Šagałaŭ; Russian: Марк "

Once asked why he built all of the enormous dinosaur sculptures, the typically quiet sculptor responded, "Because people like them. " The huge crowds who flocked to his exhibits demonstrated their immense popularity. Grinning Jim Gary birds, critters, and dinosaurs have been featured in articles and on the covers of magazines from Smithsonian and Sculpture Review [3] to National Geographic World. Magazines, periodicals or serials are Publications generally published on a regular schedule containing a variety of articles, generally Smithsonian is a monthly Magazine published by the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D Founded in 1893, the National Sculpture Society was the first organization of professional Sculptors formed in the United States. National Geographic Kids is an award-winning children's magazine published by the National Geographic Society. His work has been featured in textbooks, educational videos, newspapers, on the Internet, and on television shows around the world. A textbook is a manual of instruction or a standard book in any branch of study Videotape is a means of recording images and sound onto Magnetic tape as opposed to movie film. A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks A television program (US television programme (UK or television show (U

After the display became the permanent Jim Gary's Twentieth Century Dinosaurs exhibition, it traveled internationally to museums and universities; was used as sets for films, plays, and operas; was used as exhibits for auto shows and racing events; and was presented as landscape displays in the most elegant of botanical gardens, such as Longwood Gardens on the Pierre S. A museum is a "permanent institution in the service of society and of its development open to the public which acquires conserves researches communicates and exhibits the A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects Set construction is a process by which a set designer works in collaboration with the director of the production to create the set for a theatrical film or television A play, or stageplay, is a form of Literature written by a Playwright, almost always consisting of Dialogue between Fictional characters Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto An auto show, or motorshow, is a public exhibition of current Automobile models debuts Concept cars or out-of-production classics Types of racing Unassisted human racing Using only the Human body 's own Muscles Running: Cross country Landscape comprises the visible features of an area of land including physical elements such as Landforms living elements of flora and fauna abstract elements such as lighting Botanical gardens grow a wide variety of Plants primarily to categorize and document for scientific purposes One of the premier Botanical gardens in the United States Longwood Gardens consists of 1050 acres (4 du Pont estate.

This exhibition opened for Jim Gary's unique four-month solo show of his sculpture at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C. on April 12, 1990 and, according to the museum director, drew record-breaking attendance to the museum. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) [4] Commissioned work and fees for the exhibitions of his work that were so heavily attended, became his mainstay. His gallery was closed in favor of marketing through his studio. Selected works offered for sale sometimes accompanied the permanent exhibition that was booked for displays, shows, and exhibits.

A museum exhibition of his sculpture was used as the set for the 1986 film Howard the Duck and in 1993 the award-winning Nicky Silver play, Pterodactyls, featured Jim Gary sculptures in its sets when it opened in Manhattan. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Howard the Duck (also known as Howard A New Breed of Hero in Europe is a 1986 live-action film produced by Lucasfilm and Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Nicky Silver is an American playwright formerly of Philadelphia, who currently resides in New York City. Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York

When the state of New Jersey held the gala opening of its first major science museum, the Liberty Science Center, just across the harbor from lower Manhattan on January 28, 1993, the entire first floor exhibition space was devoted to what the museum director called, "the spectacular dinosaur sculptures made by. New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. A science museum or a science centre is a Museum devoted primarily to Science. Liberty Science Center is an Interactive Science museum and learning center located in Liberty State Park in Jersey City New Jersey. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) . . Jim Gary". [2]

A Jim Gary dinosaur is in the collection of Ripley's Believe It or Not!, which displays the sculpture in its museums and publications. Ripley's Believe It or Not! is a franchise founded by Robert Ripley, which deals in bizarre events and items so They first exhibited it in their museum in Daegu, Korea. Daegu (pronounced) also spelled Taegu (pronounced) officially called Daegu Metropolitan City, is the fourth largest city in South Korea after Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia.

Many fledgling nonprofit organizations raising funds to build museums and creating parks for children were able to hold an exhibition of Jim Gary's Twentieth Century Dinosaurs by covering the expense of the complicated shipping alone, as he donated his normal fees to the cause. A non-profit organization ( abbreviated "NPO" also "not-for-profit" is a legally constituted Organization whose objective is to support or engage Some were able to raise enough funds from fees paid by the visitors to the popular exhibits that, eventually, they could afford to purchase one of his dinosaurs in a permanent acquisition to their collection.

Great numbers of museums especially designed to engage children have hosted exhibitions of Gary's sculpture. Generations have grown up with vivid memories of his work and his encouragement for them to follow his dynamic example. Astounding attendance records demonstrated a cross-cultural popularity in Australia, China, and Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.

The last solo shows featuring the Jim Gary's Twentieth Century Dinosaurs exhibition on tour were two related ones in North Carolina in 2004. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " First the exhibition was displayed at Lowe's Motor Speedway in Concord for its Spring Extravaganza, after which they traveled to the University of North Carolina at Charlotte for an exhibition hosted by its Belk College of Business. Lowe's Motor Speedway (formerly Charlotte Motor Speedway) is a speedway in Concord North Carolina, north of Charlotte. The University of North Carolina at Charlotte (also known as UNC Charlotte or Charlotte) is a public coeducational research intensive university located in The Belk College of Business is the business school at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. The sculptures were featured both indoors and outside on the large campus with walking and driving tours offered to the public, [5] and the tour was extended twice.

The traveling exhibition is destined to be displayed in a permanent home where Jim Gary's Twentieth Century Dinosaurs will remain open to the public.

Lectures, media coverage, and annual free display

He was a popular figure for lectures about his work and was booked as a speaker by diverse groups, ranging from art and cultural associations and institutions to those focused upon automobiles, engineering, science, and trades such as welding. A lecture is an oral Presentation intended to present information or teach people about a particular subject for example by a University or College Coverage was frequent by the mass media, both published and broadcast, not only for openings of exhibitions of his work, but as a featured sculptor whose work remained interesting and popular with the public. "Popular press" redirects here note that the University of Wisconsin Press publishes under the imprint "The Popular Press" Publishing is the process of production and dissemination of Literature or Information &ndash the activity of making information available for public view For the band see Broadcast (band Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or Video signals which transmit

Gary always took the time to make appearances at schools to show children how he made his sculptures and to encourage them to pursue their own creative talents. A school (from Greek σχολεῖον - scholeion) is an Institution designed to allow and encourage Students (or "pupils" Along with typical pieces of his work he also provided small sculptures made of materials familiar to children at school lectures. He personally answered every letter sent to him by a youngster. CHILD syndrome (or congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform erythroderma and limb defects) is a genetic disorder

As reported by Karen DeMasters in The New York Times on December 16, 2001 in Hark, the Pterodactyl's Wing, every year Jim Gary provided hot chocolate, coffee, and cookies to those visiting an illuminated display of his sculpture, open to the public at his home, to celebrate the holidays in December. Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. For other meanings see Pterodactyl (disambiguation. Pterosaurs (ˈtɛrəsɔr from the Greek πτερόσαυρος pterosauros Hot chocolate (also known as hot cocoa, drinking chocolate or just cocoa) is a heated Beverage that typically consists of CoFFEE is an Open source Software for computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL in a digital classroom In the United States and Canada, a cookie is a small flat-baked treat usually round containing milk flour eggs and sugar etc [6] Lights were strung on the sculptures to delineate the structure of each dinosaur. During these displays Gary gave lectures and led discussions about his work. In 2005, Gary became too ill to manage his traditional and festive seasonal event, choosing instead to display a few works from the exhibition at a gallery in a nearby community.

Gary was quite welcoming to people who stopped by his home to admire the sculptures that he always kept among his well-tended gardens. It was not unusual for him to invite visitors to sit down and chat for a while.

Garysauruses - a neologism

In a tribute to the sculptor published on February 14, 2006 in a United Kingdom newspaper, The Guardian, its author coined a new word, Garysauruses, a neologism to describe the dinosaurs created by Jim Gary. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. A neologism (from Greek neo = "new" + logos = "word" is a word that although devised relatively recently in a specific time period has been Jim Gary ( March 17, 1939 – January 14, 2006) was an American sculptor popularly known for his large colorful creations A neologism (from Greek neo = "new" + logos = "word" is a word that although devised relatively recently in a specific time period has been [7] The memorials, tributes, and obituaries for Jim Gary were numerous, the international recognition reflecting the wide-spread appeal of his work. The apt name for his dinosaur sculptures has begun to be used by others. [8]

References

  1. ^ Fox, Margalit. "Jim Gary, Sculptor Inspired by Junk, Dies at 66", The New York Times, January 19, 2006. Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Accessed November 27, 2007. Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. "He was 66 and lived in Farmingdale, N. J. . . . James Gary was born in Sebastian, Fla. , on March 17, 1939, and grew up in Colts Neck. "
  2. ^ Kolata, Gina. Science Gets Its Chance to Dazzle, New York Times, January 22, 1993

Notes

  1. ^  From the Magazine | Notebook, Milestone; Died. Jim Gary, 66, Time, January 30, 2006; page 21
  2. ^  Jim Gary by Andrew Roth; Tuesday February 14, 2006; The Guardian; United Kingdom; guardian.co.uk in which the author coined the term, Garysauruses, for the huge sculptures among Jim Gary's Twentieth Century Dinosaurs
  3. ibid
  4. Currents; Dinosaurs To Scare A Dinosaur by Yanick Rice Lamb; January 7, 1993; The New York Times; a news article about the opening of a solo show of Jim Gary's Twentieth Century Dinosaurs for Liberty Science Center at Liberty State Park in Jersey City, in which Jim Gary is quoted regarding the of the number of vehicles he used as he created large dinosaur sculptures
  5. Hark, the Pterodactyl's Wing, by Karen DeMasters; December 16, 2001; The New York Times [9]
  6. Jeopardy! - November 14, 2007 - featured on the international television quiz game show, Sculptor Jim Gary is known for making this out of junk cars. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Liberty Science Center is an Interactive Science museum and learning center located in Liberty State Park in Jersey City New Jersey. Liberty State Park is a State park in Jersey City, New Jersey. Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The answer being. . . What are dinosaurs?

External links

Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
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